Grammar parses for passage 1.29.5
Open translation for this passage
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς κεραυνοὶ πέσοιεν ἐς αὐτούς.
Impersonal λέγεται governs a ὡς-content clause; πέσοιεν is the aorist active optative of πίπτω.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, ‘it is said’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 πέσοιεν | advmod | medium | Additive particle modifying the following report. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 πέσοιεν | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause. |
| 5 | κεραυνοὶ | κεραυνός | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πέσοιεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | πέσοιεν | πίπτω | VERB | V-3P-AAO | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Optative in reported content, with ὡς. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 αὐτούς | case | high | |
| 8 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 6 πέσοιεν | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
στρατηγοὶ δὲ ἄλλοι τε ἦσαν καὶ Λέαγρος, ᾧ μάλιστα ἐπετέτραπτο ἡ δύναμις, καὶ Δεκελεὺς Σωφάνης, ὃς τὸν Ἀργεῖόν ποτε πένταθλον Νεμείων ἀνῃρημένον νίκην ἀπέκτεινεν Εὐρυβάτην βοηθοῦντα Αἰγινήταις.
The relative ὃς refers to Σωφάνης and governs the coordinated participial phrase τὸν Ἀργεῖόν ... ἀνῃρημένον νίκην; ἀπέκτεινεν takes Εὐρυβάτην as object, with βοηθοῦντα ... as an accusative participle agreeing with him. The form Δεκελεὺς is treated as an ethnic/title-like nominative modifier of Σωφάνης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στρατηγοὶ | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 στρατηγοὶ | amod | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἄλλοι | cc | high | Correlates with καὶ at token 6. |
| 5 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 7 | Λέαγρος | Λέαγρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Singular subject coordinated with plural στρατηγοί under a collective/existential construction. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 Λέαγρος | punct | high | |
| 9 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | P-D-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπετέτραπτο | iobj | medium | Relative dative, likely personal/agentive with ἐπετέτραπτο. |
| 10 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 11 ἐπετέτραπτο | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐπετέτραπτο | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 7 Λέαγρος | acl:relcl | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive; construed as 'the command had been entrusted to him'. |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S---NF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 δύναμις | det | high | |
| 13 | δύναμις | δύναμις | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπετέτραπτο | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπετέτραπτο | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 16 | Δεκελεὺς | Δεκελεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Σωφάνης | appos | medium | Ethnic/demotic designation modifying or apposed to Σωφάνης. |
| 17 | Σωφάνης | Σωφάνης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 Σωφάνης | punct | high | |
| 19 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπέκτεινεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Σωφάνης. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀργεῖόν | det | high | |
| 21 | Ἀργεῖόν | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 πένταθλον | amod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, 'the Argive'. |
| 22 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 ἀπέκτεινεν | advmod | high | |
| 23 | πένταθλον | πένταθλος | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀνῃρημένον | obj | medium | Accusative appositional/object-like complement within the participial phrase. |
| 24 | Νεμείων | Νέμεια | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 πένταθλον | nmod | high | Genitive of the Nemean games. |
| 25 | ἀνῃρημένον | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-LMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 26 νίκην | amod | medium | Perfect passive participle agreeing with Ἀργεῖόν; νίκην is its result/object complement. |
| 26 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | medium | Object of ἀπέκτεινεν in the idiom 'destroyed/ended the victory'; attachment may be interpreted differently. |
| 27 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 ὃς | acl:relcl | high | |
| 28 | Εὐρυβάτην | Εὐρυβάτης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | |
| 29 | βοηθοῦντα | βοηθέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 Εὐρυβάτην | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Εὐρυβάτην. |
| 30 | Αἰγινήταις | Αἰγινήτης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 βοηθοῦντα | iobj | high | Dative complement of βοηθέω. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high |
στρατὸν δὲ ἔξω τῆς Ἑλλάδος Ἀθηναῖοι τρίτον τοῦτον ἔστειλαν·
Ἀθηναῖοι is the subject of ἔστειλαν; στρατόν is its object, with τρίτον τοῦτον agreeing with στρατόν and functioning as a predicative/ordering characterization (‘this third [army]’). ἔξω takes the genitive Ἑλλάδος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-ASM-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔστειλαν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἔστειλαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔξω | ἔξω | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 Ἑλλάδος | case | medium | Adverbial preposition governing the following genitive. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 στρατὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive complement of ἔξω; attached to the army phrase. |
| 6 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔστειλαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 7 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-ASM-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 στρατὸν | amod | high | Ordinal adjective agreeing with στρατόν. |
| 8 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | D-ASM-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 στρατὸν | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with στρατόν. |
| 9 | ἔστειλαν | στέλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔστειλαν | punct | high |
Πριάμῳ μὲν γὰρ καὶ Τρωσὶ πάντες Ἕλληνες ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λόγου κατέστησαν ἐς πόλεμον, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ ἰδίᾳ μετʼ Ἰολάου τε ἐς Σαρδὼ καὶ δευτέραν ἐς τὴν νῦν Ἰωνίαν ἐστράτευσαν καὶ τρίτον δὴ τότε ἐς τὴν Θρᾴκην.
The second clause has ἐστράτευσαν governing a first destination (ἐς Σαρδώ) and a second expedition phrase (δευτέραν ἐς τὴν νῦν Ἰωνίαν), followed by τρίτον ... ἐς Θρᾴκην with the verb understood. The attachment of τε is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πριάμῳ | Πρίαμος | PROPN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κατέστησαν | obl | high | Dative with κατάστησαν, indicating the party against whom they rose. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Adverbial particle | _ | 11 κατέστησαν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by δέ. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 11 κατέστησαν | mark | high | Explanatory connective. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 5 Τρωσὶ | cc | high | Coordinates Τρωσί with Πριάμῳ. |
| 5 | Τρωσὶ | Τρώς | PROPN | N-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 κατέστησαν | obl | high | Dative coordinated with Πριάμῳ. |
| 6 | πάντες | πᾶς | ADJ | A-nom-mp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἕλληνες | det | high | Attributive universal modifier of Ἕλληνες. |
| 7 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-nom-mp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 κατέστησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέστησαν. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep-gen | _ | 10 λόγου | case | high | Preposition governing κοινοῦ λόγου. |
| 9 | κοινοῦ | κοινός | ADJ | A-gen-ms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 λόγου | amod | high | Modifier of λόγου. |
| 10 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-gen-ms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κατέστησαν | obl | high | Genitive phrase with ἀπό, 'from a common decision/word'. |
| 11 | κατέστησαν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the first clause. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep-acc | _ | 13 πόλεμον | case | high | Preposition governing πόλεμον. |
| 13 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-acc-ms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κατέστησαν | obl | high | Goal/result of κατάστησαν: into war. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κατέστησαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-nom-mp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστράτευσαν, with omitted repeated subject in the final coordinated clause. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | cc | high | Contrasts the Athenian expeditions with the preceding general Greek action. |
| 17 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | A-dat-sf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial feminine dative, 'separately/on their own'. |
| 18 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | Prep-gen | _ | 19 Ἰολάου | case | high | Elided μετά governing Ἰολάου. |
| 19 | Ἰολάου | Ἰόλαος | PROPN | N-gen-ms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | obl | high | Companion expressed by μετά with genitive. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 19 Ἰολάου | cc | medium | Postpositive enclitic coordinating the accompanying phrase; attachment is syntactically uncertain. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep-acc | _ | 22 Σαρδὼ | case | high | Preposition governing Σαρδώ. |
| 22 | Σαρδὼ | Σαρδώ | PROPN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | obl | high | First destination. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 24 δευτέραν | cc | high | Coordinates δευτέραν with the first expedition phrase. |
| 24 | δευτέραν | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-acc-sf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | obl | high | Substantivized ordinal, 'a second time/second expedition'. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep-acc | _ | 28 Ἰωνίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰωνίαν. |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-acc-sf | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 Ἰωνίαν | det | high | Article with Ἰωνίαν. |
| 27 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | Adverb | _ | 28 Ἰωνίαν | advmod | high | Temporal modifier, 'now/currently'. |
| 28 | Ἰωνίαν | Ἰωνία | PROPN | N-acc-sf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 δευτέραν | obl | high | Second destination, coordinated conceptually with Σαρδώ. |
| 29 | ἐστράτευσαν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 κατέστησαν | conj | high | Second finite verb coordinated with κατέστησαν. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 36 Θρᾴκην | cc | medium | Coordinates the final destination phrase; the final verb is elided. |
| 31 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-acc-sn | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial ordinal, 'a third time'. |
| 32 | δὴ | δή | PART | Adverbial particle | _ | 31 τρίτον | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 33 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adverb | _ | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, 'then'. |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep-acc | _ | 36 Θρᾴκην | case | high | Preposition governing Θρᾴκην. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-acc-sf | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 Θρᾴκην | det | high | Article with Θρᾴκην. |
| 36 | Θρᾴκην | Θρᾴκη | PROPN | N-acc-sf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστράτευσαν | obl | high | Final destination under the elided repeated στρατεύω. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κατέστησαν | punct | high |