Grammar parses for passage 1.29.6
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ μνήματος στήλη μαχομένους ἔχουσα ἱππεῖς·
The sentence is existential: στήλη is located ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ μνήματος, with ἔχουσα taking ἱππεῖς as its object and μαχομένους as an agreeing participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἔστι | advmod | high | Adverbial preposition meaning ‘in front of’; governs the genitive. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 μνήματος | det | high | |
| 5 | μνήματος | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔμπροσθεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἔμπροσθεν. |
| 6 | στήλη | στήλη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 7 | μαχομένους | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ἱππεῖς | amod | medium | Present middle participle agreeing with ἱππεῖς; semantically ‘fighting’. |
| 8 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 στήλη | acl | high | Circumstantial/attributive participle modifying στήλη. |
| 9 | ἱππεῖς | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχουσα | obj | high | Object of ἔχουσα; μαχομένους agrees with it. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |
Μελάνωπός σφισίν ἐστι καὶ Μακάρτατος ὀνόματα, οὓς κατέλαβεν ἀποθανεῖν ἐναντία Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Βοιωτῶν τεταγμένους, ἔνθα τῆς Ἐλεωνίας εἰσὶ χώρας πρὸς Ταναγραίους ὅροι.
The predicate names two figures (Μελάνωπος and Μακάρτατος) with ὀνόματα as a predicative nominative; οὓς resumes them as the object of κατέλαβεν, with ἀποθανεῖν and τεταγμένους forming the death-and-deployment construction. Ἐλεωνίας is treated as a place-name adjective modifying χώρας; εἰσὶ agrees with ὅροι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μελάνωπός | Μελάνωπος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὀνόματα | nmod | medium | Personal name in nominative; coordinated conceptually with Μακάρτατος. |
| 2 | σφισίν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3pnd- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 3 ἐστι | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possession with ἐστι. |
| 3 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 Μακάρτατος | cc | high | Coordinates the two names. |
| 5 | Μακάρτατος | Μακάρτατος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὀνόματα | nmod | medium | Personal name; nominative form is syntactically linked to the predicative naming phrase. |
| 6 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--PNN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative, plural neuter, naming the two persons. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | Pr-PAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 κατέλαβεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent Μελάνωπος and Μακάρτατος. |
| 9 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V3SAAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστι | parataxis | high | Relative-clause verb; singular agreement is normal with a neuter/plural or collective interpretation. |
| 10 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--AAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 κατέλαβεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after κατέλαβεν. |
| 11 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A--PNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀποθανεῖν | advmod | medium | Neuter plural accusative used adverbially, ‘opposite/against’. |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐναντία | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐναντία. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 14 Βοιωτῶν | cc | high | Coordinates the two opposing peoples. |
| 14 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | A--PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | Genitive coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 15 | τεταγμένους | τάσσω | VERB | V--XPPM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 οὓς | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle agreeing with οὓς; predicative circumstantial participle, ‘having been drawn up’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κατέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 24 ὅροι | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the place clause. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S--FSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Ἐλεωνίας | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἐλεωνίας | Ἐλεωνία | PROPN | N--FSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 χώρας | nmod | medium | Place-name in genitive, modifying χώρας; spelling/lexical status may be adjectival in some editions. |
| 20 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 ὅροι | cop | high | Copula for ὅροι. |
| 21 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N--FSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ὅροι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅροι: ‘boundaries of the territory’. |
| 22 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 23 Ταναγραίους | case | high | Preposition governing Ταναγραίους. |
| 23 | Ταναγραίους | Ταναγραῖος | PROPN | A--PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ὅροι | nmod | high | Accusative after πρός, indicating the direction/side toward Tanagra. |
| 24 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Predicate noun of εἰσὶ in the ἔνθα clause; clause is loosely attached to the preceding sentence. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὅροι | punct | high |
καὶ Θεσσαλῶν τάφος ἐστὶν ἱππέων κατὰ παλαιὰν φιλίαν ἐλθόντων, ὅτε σὺν Ἀρχιδάμῳ Πελοποννήσιοι πρῶτον ἐσέβαλον ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν στρατιᾷ,
The genitive participial phrase ἱππέων ... ἐλθόντων is attached to ἱππέων; the ὅτε-clause gives the historical occasion for their arrival.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 τάφος | cc | high | |
| 2 | Θεσσαλῶν | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N-P---G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 τάφος | nmod | high | Genitive of the Thessalians. |
| 3 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-S---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἱππέων | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 τάφος | nmod | high | Genitive specifying whose tomb. |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 8 φιλίαν | case | high | |
| 7 | παλαιὰν | παλαιός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 φιλίαν | amod | high | |
| 8 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐλθόντων | obl | high | κατὰ παλαιὰν φιλίαν modifies the participle. |
| 9 | ἐλθόντων | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PAPGM-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἱππέων | acl | medium | Genitive plural participle agreeing with ἱππέων; understood as having come. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐλθόντων | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐσέβαλον | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 12 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 13 Ἀρχιδάμῳ | case | high | |
| 13 | Ἀρχιδάμῳ | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐσέβαλον | obl | high | |
| 14 | Πελοποννήσιοι | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐσέβαλον | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 15 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐσέβαλον | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘for the first time’. |
| 16 | ἐσέβαλον | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἐλθόντων | advcl | high | Temporal clause under ὅτε. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 19 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-||||-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐσέβαλον | obl | high | |
| 20 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐσέβαλον | obl | medium | Dative of means or manner: ‘with an army’; exact syntactic nuance is uncertain. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐσέβαλον | punct | high |
καὶ πλησίον τοξόταις Κρησίν· αὖθις δέ ἐστιν Ἀθηναίων μνήματα Κλεισθένους, ᾧ τὰ ἐς τὰς φυλὰς αἳ νῦν καθεστᾶσιν εὑρέθη, καὶ ἱππεῦσιν ἀποθανοῦσιν ἡνίκα συνεπελάβοντο οἱ Θεσσαλοὶ τοῦ κινδύνου.
The syntax around ᾧ ... εὑρέθη is somewhat compressed; the relative dative and the passive clause are analyzed conservatively, with the second participial phrase coordinated as a modifier of μνήματα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | Adv | _ | 8 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Locative adverb, governing the dative by ellipsis/usage. |
| 3 | τοξόταις | τοξότης | NOUN | N-DatPl-Mas | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 πλησίον | obl | medium | Dative with πλησίον. |
| 4 | Κρησίν | Κρής | PROPN | N-DatPl-Mas | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 τοξόταις | appos | high | Ethnic name in apposition to τοξόταις. |
| 5 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 6 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | Adv | _ | 8 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-Pres-Ind-Act-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GenPl-Mas | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μνήματα | nmod | high | Possessive/associative genitive. |
| 10 | μνήματα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NomPl-Neu | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative with ἐστιν. |
| 11 | Κλεισθένους | Κλεισθένης | PROPN | N-GenSg-Mas | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μνήματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνήματα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 μνήματα | punct | high | |
| 13 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | P-DatSg-Mas | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 εὑρέθη | obl | medium | Relative dative, probably referring to Cleisthenes and construed with εὑρέθη. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-AccPl-Neu | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἐς | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 21 εὑρέθη | obl | high | |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Art-AccPl-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 φυλὰς | det | high | |
| 17 | φυλὰς | φυλή | NOUN | N-AccPl-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἐς | obj | high | |
| 18 | αἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-NomPl-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 20 καθεστᾶσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of καθεστᾶσιν. |
| 19 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | Adv | _ | 20 καθεστᾶσιν | advmod | high | |
| 20 | καθεστᾶσιν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-Perf-Ind-Act-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 17 φυλὰς | acl:relcl | medium | Perfect form meaning 'are established'; relative clause modifies φυλάς. |
| 21 | εὑρέθη | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-Aor-Ind-Pass-3Sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 10 μνήματα | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause associated with ᾧ; passive subject is implicit/elliptical. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εὑρέθη | punct | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 ἀποθανοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἱππεῦσιν | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-DatPl-Mas | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἀποθανοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative of reference/association with ἀποθανοῦσιν. |
| 25 | ἀποθανοῦσιν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AorAct-Part-DatPl-Mas | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 μνήματα | acl | medium | Aorist participle modifying an understood group associated with the monuments. |
| 26 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | AdvRel | PronType=Rel | 27 συνεπελάβοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 27 | συνεπελάβοντο | συνεπιλαμβάνομαι | VERB | V-Aor-Ind-Mid-3Pl | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 25 ἀποθανοῦσιν | advcl | high | Temporal clause modifying ἀποθανοῦσιν. |
| 28 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-NomPl-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 Θεσσαλοὶ | det | high | |
| 29 | Θεσσαλοὶ | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N-NomPl-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 συνεπελάβοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-GenSg-Mas | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 κινδύνου | det | high | |
| 31 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-GenSg-Mas | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 συνεπελάβοντο | obl:arg | high | Genitive complement of συνεπελάβοντο. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high |