Grammar parses for passage 1.29.9
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθηναίοις δὲ οὐκ ἀνεκτὰ ἐφαίνετο περιυβρίσθαι.
The construction means that for the Athenians it did not seem bearable to have been grossly insulted; the neuter plural adjective functions as the subject/predicate of the impersonal construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne-DatPl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/possessor with φαίνομαι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | Negates the predicate. |
| 4 | ἀνεκτὰ | ἀνεκτός | ADJ | A--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐφαίνετο | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural predicate subject, understood as things/circumstances not bearable. |
| 5 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | V3S-IIM- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal-seeming predicate governing the infinitive. |
| 6 | περιυβρίσθαι | περιυβρίζω | VERB | V--MNI-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐφαίνετο | csubj | medium | Perfect middle infinitive, subject clause: to have been grossly insulted. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ ὡς ἐκομίζοντο ὀπίσω συμμαχίαν ἐποιήσαντο Ἀργείοις Λακεδαιμονίων ἐχθροῖς τὸν ἅπαντα οὖσι χρόνον.
Temporal ὡς-clause modifies ἐποιήσαντο; the dative phrase Ἀργείοις ἐχθροῖς Λακεδαιμονίων identifies the Argives as enemies of the Lacedaemonians, with οὖσι understood copularly.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐποιήσαντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἐκομίζοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinate conjunction. |
| 3 | ἐκομίζοντο | κομίζω | VERB | 3PlImpfMidInd | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 6 ἐποιήσαντο | advcl | high | |
| 4 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | _ | _ | 3 ἐκομίζοντο | advmod | high | Adverb meaning back/backward. |
| 5 | συμμαχίαν | συμμαχία | NOUN | AccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | 3PlAorMidInd | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice: made/entered into an alliance. |
| 7 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | DatPlMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐποιήσαντο | iobj | high | Dative of the party with whom the alliance was made. |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | GenPlMasc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐχθροῖς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐχθροῖς. |
| 9 | ἐχθροῖς | ἐχθρός | ADJ | DatPlMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀργείοις | amod | high | Predicative/appositional adjective: enemies of the Lacedaemonians. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | AccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 11 | ἅπαντα | ἅπας | ADJ | AccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χρόνον | amod | high | Agrees with χρόνον. |
| 12 | οὖσι | εἰμί | AUX | DatPlPresActPart | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 9 ἐχθροῖς | acl | medium | Dative plural present participle, agreeing with Ἀργείοις/ἐχθροῖς; copular participle. |
| 13 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | AccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high |
ὕστερον δὲ μελλούσης Ἀθηναίων ἐν Τανάγρᾳ γίνεσθαι πρὸς Βοιωτοὺς καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους μάχης, ἀφίκοντο Ἀθηναίοις Ἀργεῖοι βοηθοῦντες.
The phrase μελλούσης ... μάχης is analyzed as a genitive absolute, with γίνεσθαι as the infinitive complement of μέλλω; the exact attachment of ἐν Τανάγρᾳ is somewhat flexible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | Adverb | Degree=Pos | 14 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μελλούσης | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 μάχης | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with μάχης; agrees with implied/elliptical feminine singular subject. |
| 4 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 μελλούσης | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural participant/subject within the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Τανάγρᾳ | case | high | |
| 6 | Τανάγρᾳ | Τανάγρα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 μελλούσης | obl | medium | Locative complement of the impending battle clause. |
| 7 | γίνεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PNM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 3 μελλούσης | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of μέλλω. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Βοιωτοὺς | case | high | |
| 9 | Βοιωτοὺς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μάχης | obl | high | Opponent introduced by πρός. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 11 Λακεδαιμονίους | cc | high | |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Βοιωτοὺς | conj | high | |
| 12 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 μελλούσης | nsubj | medium | Subject of μελλούσης; genitive absolute construction is syntactically compressed. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 βοηθοῦντες | iobj | high | Dative of the party assisted. |
| 16 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | βοηθοῦντες | βοηθέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, 'coming to help'. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high |
καὶ παραυτίκα μὲν ἔχοντας πλέον τοὺς Ἀργείους νὺξ ἐπελθοῦσα ἀφείλετο τὸ σαφὲς τῆς νίκης.
Finite core: νὺξ ἐπελθοῦσα ἀφείλετο τὸ σαφὲς τῆς νίκης; the preceding accusative participial phrase τοὺς Ἀργείους ἔχοντας πλέον is a circumstantial/temporal frame.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἀφείλετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἀφείλετο | advmod | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἀφείλετο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is not present in this sentence. |
| 4 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 Ἀργείους | acl | medium | Accusative circumstantial participle, predicated of τοὺς Ἀργείους; πλέον is its complement. |
| 5 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἔχοντας | obj | medium | Substantivized/neuter comparative, ‘more’; construction may be understood adverbially with ἔχοντας. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀργείους | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 νὺξ | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the participial phrase, with νύξ as the finite-clause subject. |
| 8 | νὺξ | νύξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπελθοῦσα | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἐπελθοῦσα | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἀφείλετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with νύξ. |
| 10 | ἀφείλετο | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 σαφὲς | det | high | |
| 12 | σαφὲς | σαφής | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀφείλετο | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the clear/definite [result]’. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 νίκης | det | high | |
| 14 | νίκης | νίκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 σαφὲς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σαφές. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀφείλετο | punct | high |
ἐς δὲ τὴν ὑστεραίαν ὑπῆρξε κρατῆσαι Λακεδαιμονίοις Θεσσαλῶν προδόντων Ἀθηναίους.
Impersonal ὑπῆρξε κρατῆσαι means that it became possible for the Lacedaemonians to prevail; Θεσσαλῶν προδόντων Ἀθηναίους is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ὑστεραίαν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ὑπῆρξε | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὑστεραίαν | det | high | |
| 4 | ὑστεραίαν | ὑστεραία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὑπῆρξε | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the following day'. |
| 5 | ὑπῆρξε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal construction with infinitive κρατῆσαι. |
| 6 | κρατῆσαι | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ὑπῆρξε | xcomp | high | |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 κρατῆσαι | iobj | high | Dative of the party benefiting or succeeding. |
| 8 | Θεσσαλῶν | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 προδόντων | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | προδόντων | προδίδωμι | VERB | V-AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 κρατῆσαι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Θεσσαλῶν; the participle is genitive plural masculine. |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 προδόντων | obj | high | |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὑπῆρξε | punct | high |