Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 1.3.3

← 1.3.21.3.4 →

Passage 1.3.3

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed
55Greek tokens
2,210input tokens
4,011output tokens
Sentence 1

1.3.3 sentence 1

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στοὰ δὲ ὄπισθεν ᾠκοδόμηται γραφὰς ἔχουσα θεοὺς τοὺς δώδεκα καλουμένους·

The predicate ᾠκοδόμηται is modified by a present-result/passive participial phrase: στοά is said to have been built behind, possessing paintings depicting the twelve gods, with καλουμένους agreeing with θεούς through the article τούς.

punct nsubj:pass acl cc advcl nmod nummod advmod obj det root 1 στοὰ στοά / NOUN 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 ὄπισθεν ὄπισθεν / ADV 4 ᾠκοδόμηται οἰκοδομέω / VERB 5 γραφὰς γραφή / NOUN 6 ἔχουσα ἔχω / VERB 7 θεοὺς θεός / NOUN 8 τοὺς ὁ / DET 9 δώδεκα δώδεκα / NUM 10 καλουμένους καλέω / VERB 11 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1στοὰστοάNOUNN--NSF-Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing4 ᾠκοδόμηταιnsubj:passhigh
2δὲδέCCONJC--------_4 ᾠκοδόμηταιcchighPostpositive connective.
3ὄπισθενὄπισθενADVD--------_4 ᾠκοδόμηταιadvmodhighAdverb meaning 'behind/at the back'.
4ᾠκοδόμηταιοἰκοδομέωVERBV-RPI-3S-Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass0 ROOTroothigh
5γραφὰςγραφήNOUNN--APF-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur6 ἔχουσαobjhighObject of ἔχουσα; paintings or pictures.
6ἔχουσαἔχωVERBV-PAP-N--Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act4 ᾠκοδόμηταιadvclhighAgrees with στοά; circumstantial participle.
7θεοὺςθεόςNOUNN--APM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur5 γραφὰςnmodmediumAccusative content/depictive complement associated with γραφάς: paintings of the gods.
8τοὺςDETL--APM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur7 θεοὺςdethigh
9δώδεκαδώδεκαNUMM--------Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur7 θεοὺςnummodmediumCardinal numeral; overt case/gender agreement is syncretic.
10καλουμένουςκαλέωVERBV-PPP-A--Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass7 θεοὺςaclhighAgrees with θεούς; literally 'being called'.
11··PUNCT__4 ᾠκοδόμηταιpuncthigh
Sentence 2

1.3.3 sentence 2

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ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τοίχῳ τῷ πέραν Θησεύς ἐστι γεγραμμένος καὶ Δημοκρατία τε καὶ Δῆμος.

The sentence has a locative prepositional phrase headed by ἐπί; τῷ πέραν modifies τοίχῳ, while Θησεύς is the nominative subject of the periphrastic/passive predicate ἐστι γεγραμμένος, coordinated with Δημοκρατία and Δῆμος as additional depicted subjects. The exact scope of καί is mildly uncertain.

punct cc conj obl case amod nsubj conj cc det det xcomp cc cc root 1 ἐπὶ ἐπί / ADP 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 τῷ ὁ / DET 4 τοίχῳ τοῖχος / NOUN 5 τῷ ὁ / DET 6 πέραν πέραν / ADV 7 Θησεύς Θησεύς / PROPN 8 ἐστι εἰμί / AUX 9 γεγραμμένος γράφω / VERB 10 καὶ καί / CCONJ 11 Δημοκρατία δημοκρατία / NOUN 12 τε τε / CCONJ 13 καὶ καί / CCONJ 14 Δῆμος δῆμος / NOUN 15 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἐπὶἐπίADPPAdpType=Prep4 τοίχῳcasehigh
2δὲδέCCONJCONJ_8 ἐστιcchighPostpositive connective.
3τῷDETT-dsmCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art4 τοίχῳdethigh
4τοίχῳτοῖχοςNOUNN-dsmCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing8 ἐστιoblhighObject of ἐπί, locative.
5τῷDETT-dsmCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art6 πέρανdethigh
6πέρανπέρανADVADV_4 τοίχῳamodmediumAdverbial πέραν is treated as a postposed modifier meaning ‘farther/beyond’; alternatively it may be analyzed as a preposition-like modifier.
7ΘησεύςΘησεύςPROPNN-nsmCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing9 γεγραμμένοςnsubjhigh
8ἐστιεἰμίAUXV-3sg-pres-ind-actMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighAuxiliary in the periphrastic predicate.
9γεγραμμένοςγράφωVERBV-prf-pass-part-nsmCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass8 ἐστιxcomphighPerfect passive participle, ‘depicted/written’; coordinated nominative depictions follow.
10καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_11 Δημοκρατίαcchigh
11ΔημοκρατίαδημοκρατίαNOUNN-nsfCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing9 γεγραμμένοςconjhighCoordinated with Θησεύς as another depicted figure/concept.
12τετεCCONJCONJ_14 ΔῆμοςccmediumCorrelative coordination marker; scope with the following καί is somewhat uncertain.
13καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_14 Δῆμοςcchigh
14ΔῆμοςδῆμοςNOUNN-nsmCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing9 γεγραμμένοςconjhighFurther coordinated nominative subject/predicand.
15..PUNCTPUNCT_8 ἐστιpuncthigh
Sentence 4

1.3.3 sentence 4

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κεχώρηκε δὲ φήμη καὶ ἄλλως ἐς τοὺς πολλούς, ὡς Θησεὺς παραδοίη τὰ πράγματα τῷ δήμῳ καὶ ὡς ἐξ ἐκείνου δημοκρατούμενοι διαμείναιεν, πρὶν ἢ Πεισίστρατος ἐτυράννησεν ἐπαναστάς.

Main clause κεχώρηκε φήμη; two ὡς-clauses report the content of the fame. The final πρὶν ἤ clause is temporal, with ἐπαναστάς agreeing with Πεισίστρατος; δημοκρατούμενοι is a nominative plural participle referring to the πολλοί, with somewhat compressed syntax.

punct ccomp ccomp punct obl advcl advmod iobj mark mark nsubj case mark obj obl cc advmod det nsubj det det cc case advcl punct fixed nsubj advcl root 1 κεχώρηκε χωρέω / VERB 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 φήμη φήμη / NOUN 4 καὶ καί / ADV 5 ἄλλως ἄλλως / ADV 6 ἐς εἰς / ADP 7 τοὺς ὁ / DET 8 πολλούς πολύς / ADJ 9 , , / PUNCT 10 ὡς ὡς / SCONJ 11 Θησεὺς Θησεύς / PROPN 12 παραδοίη παραδίδωμι / VERB 13 τὰ ὁ / DET 14 πράγματα πρᾶγμα / NOUN 15 τῷ ὁ / DET 16 δήμῳ δῆμος / NOUN 17 καὶ καί / CCONJ 18 ὡς ὡς / SCONJ 19 ἐξ ἐκ / ADP 20 ἐκείνου ἐκεῖνος / PRON 21 δημοκρατούμενοι δημοκρατέω / VERB 22 διαμείναιεν διαμένω / VERB 23 , , / PUNCT 24 πρὶν πρίν / SCONJ 25 ἤ / CCONJ 26 Πεισίστρατος Πεισίστρατος / PROPN 27 ἐτυράννησεν τυραννέω / VERB 28 ἐπαναστάς ἐπανίστημι / VERB 29 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1κεχώρηκεχωρέωVERBV3SIA-Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothigh
2δὲδέCCONJC--------_3 φήμηcchigh
3φήμηφήμηNOUNN-S---NF-Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing1 κεχώρηκεnsubjhigh
4καὶκαίADVD--------_5 ἄλλωςadvmodhighAdverbial καί: ‘also’.
5ἄλλωςἄλλωςADVD--------_1 κεχώρηκεadvmodhigh
6ἐςεἰςADPR--------_8 πολλούςcasehigh
7τοὺςDETL-P---MA-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur8 πολλούςdethigh
8πολλούςπολύςADJA-P---MA-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur1 κεχώρηκεoblhigh
9,,PUNCT__1 κεχώρηκεpuncthigh
10ὡςὡςSCONJC--------_12 παραδοίηmarkhighIntroduces reported content.
11ΘησεὺςΘησεύςPROPNN-S---NM-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing12 παραδοίηnsubjhigh
12παραδοίηπαραδίδωμιVERBV3SAAO-Aspect=Aor|Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act1 κεχώρηκεccompmediumOptative in reported speech/content clause.
13τὰDETL-P---NA-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur14 πράγματαdethigh
14πράγματαπρᾶγμαNOUNN-P---NA-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur12 παραδοίηobjhigh
15τῷDETL-S---MD-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing16 δήμῳdethigh
16δήμῳδῆμοςNOUNN-S---MD-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing12 παραδοίηiobjhigh
17καὶκαίCCONJC--------_18 ὡςcchigh
18ὡςὡςSCONJC--------_22 διαμείναιενmarkhighIntroduces a second reported/content clause.
19ἐξἐκADPR--------_20 ἐκείνουcasehigh
20ἐκείνουἐκεῖνοςPRONA-S---MG-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing22 διαμείναιενoblhighTemporal source reference: ‘from that time’.
21δημοκρατούμενοιδημοκρατέωVERBV-PMPNM-Aspect=Pres|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass22 διαμείναιενadvclmediumNominative plural participle, probably referring to τοὺς πολλούς; syntax is compressed.
22διαμείναιενδιαμένωVERBV3PAAO-Aspect=Aor|Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act12 παραδοίηccompmediumCoordinated reported proposition; subject is understood from δημοκρατούμενοι/τοὺς πολλούς.
23,,PUNCT__22 διαμείναιενpuncthigh
24πρὶνπρίνSCONJC--------_27 ἐτυράννησενmarkhighTemporal conjunction, completed by ἤ.
25CCONJC--------_24 πρὶνfixedhighPart of the conjunction πρὶν ἤ.
26ΠεισίστρατοςΠεισίστρατοςPROPNN-S---NM-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing27 ἐτυράννησενnsubjhigh
27ἐτυράννησεντυραννέωVERBV3SAAI-Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act22 διαμείναιενadvclhighFinite verb in the temporal clause; subject Πεισίστρατος.
28ἐπαναστάςἐπανίστημιVERBV-SAA-NM-Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act27 ἐτυράννησενadvclhighConjunct participle agreeing with Πεισίστρατος.
29..PUNCT__1 κεχώρηκεpuncthigh
← 1.3.21.3.4 →