Grammar parses for passage 1.30.1
Open translation for this passage
πρὸ δὲ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς ἐς Ἀκαδημίαν ἐστὶ βωμὸς Ἔρωτος ἔχων ἐπίγραμμα ὡς Χάρμος Ἀθηναίων πρῶτος Ἔρωτι ἀναθείη.
Main clause: βωμός ἐστὶ with prepositional modifier πρὸ τῆς ἐσόδου; ἔχων introduces a participial modifier with ἐπίγραμμα as object. The ὡς-clause is the inscription's content, with Χάρμος as subject and ἀναθείη as optative in an oblique/content construction; πρῶτος is predicative to Χάρμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἐσόδου | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 ἐστὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἐσόδου | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐσόδου | ἔσοδος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστὶ | obl | high | Object of πρό. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀκαδημίαν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 7 Ἀκαδημίαν | case | high | |
| 7 | Ἀκαδημίαν | Ἀκαδημία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσόδου | nmod | high | Second attributive genitive phrase: entrance into the Academy. |
| 8 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | βωμὸς | βωμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | Ἔρωτος | Ἔρως | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 βωμὸς | nmod | high | Divine name, genitive dependent on βωμός. |
| 11 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PPA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 βωμὸς | acl | high | Concords with βωμός. |
| 12 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 13 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἀναθείη | mark | medium | Introduces the content of the inscription. |
| 14 | Χάρμος | Χάρμος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀναθείη | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Χάρμος | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective substantivized: of the Athenians. |
| 16 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Χάρμος | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective, ‘first’; dependency may alternatively attach to ἀναθείη. |
| 17 | Ἔρωτι | Ἔρως | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀναθείη | iobj | high | Dative recipient of ἀναθείη. |
| 18 | ἀναθείη | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-2AO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ὡς | ccomp | medium | Aorist active optative in the ὡς content clause; exact indirect-discourse analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
Τιμαγόρας δὲ ἄρα καὶ ψυχῆς εἶχεν ἀφειδῶς καὶ πάντα ὁμοίως κελεύοντι ἤθελε χαρίζεσθαι τῷ μειρακίῳ καὶ δὴ καὶ φέρων ἑαυτὸν ἀφῆκε·
The sentence has coordinated predicates εἶχεν ... ἤθελε ... ἀφῆκε, with ψυχῆς as a genitive of what is expended ('spared no life/soul'). κελεύοντι is a dative participle agreeing with τῷ μειρακίῳ; φέρων is a circumstantial participle with subject Τιμαγόρας and ἑαυτόν as its object. The exact scope of πάντα ὁμοίως and the idiom εἶχεν ψυχῆς are somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τιμαγόρας | Τιμαγόρας | PROPN | N------NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀφῆκε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἀφῆκε | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | X-------- | _ | 21 ἀφῆκε | discourse | medium | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 εἶχεν | cc | medium | Connects the first predicate with the coordinated ἤθελε clause. |
| 5 | ψυχῆς | ψυχή | NOUN | N------GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἶχεν | obj | low | Genitive governed idiomatically by εἶχεν, probably denoting what he did not spare. |
| 6 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 21 ἀφῆκε | conj | high | |
| 7 | ἀφειδῶς | ἀφειδῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 εἶχεν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἤθελε | cc | high | Coordinates ἤθελε with εἶχεν. |
| 9 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A----PAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 χαρίζεσθαι | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural. |
| 10 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 χαρίζεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | κελεύοντι | κελεύω | VERB | V-PAP-D-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 μειρακίῳ | acl | medium | Dative circumstantial/attributive participle agreeing with τῷ μειρακίῳ; understood subject is the youth. |
| 12 | ἤθελε | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-IAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 21 ἀφῆκε | conj | high | |
| 13 | χαρίζεσθαι | χαρίζομαι | VERB | V-PNM---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἤθελε | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἤθελε. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L----DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μειρακίῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | μειρακίῳ | μειράκιον | NOUN | N-----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 χαρίζεσθαι | iobj | high | Dative recipient of χαρίζεσθαι. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἀφῆκε | cc | high | Coordinates the final predicate. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 21 ἀφῆκε | discourse | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἀφῆκε | cc | high | Part of καὶ δή καί emphasis. |
| 19 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V-PAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἀφῆκε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject Τιμαγόρας. |
| 20 | ἑαυτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 19 φέρων | obj | high | |
| 21 | ἀφῆκε | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-AAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final coordinated predicate; likely 'let himself go' in context. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀφῆκε | punct | high |
Μέλητα δέ, ὡς ἀποθανόντα εἶδε Τιμαγόραν, ἐς τοσοῦτο μετανοίας ἐλθεῖν ὡς πεσεῖν τε ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας τῆς αὐτῆς καὶ οὕτως ἀφεὶς αὑτὸν ἐτελεύτησε.
The construction is an accusative-and-infinitive report after an understood governing verb: Μέλητα is the reported subject, with εἶδε taking Τιμαγόραν as object and ἀποθανόντα as its predicative participle; ὡς introduces result clauses. The second ὡς-clause contains coordinated infinitives πεσεῖν and (by τε ... καὶ) the main infinitive ἐλθεῖν’s result continuation; ἀφεὶς is a circumstantial participle modifying the understood subject of ἐτελεύτησε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μέλητα | Μέλητας | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐλθεῖν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐλθεῖν; proper name. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐλθεῖν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 ἐλθεῖν | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἀποθανόντα | mark | medium | Introduces a temporal/circumstantial participial clause. |
| 5 | ἀποθανόντα | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--AAPAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 εἶδε | xcomp | high | Accusative aorist participle, predicated of Τιμαγόραν. |
| 6 | εἶδε | ὁράω | VERB | V--AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἐλθεῖν | advcl | medium | Finite verb in the initial ὡς-clause; subject is understood Μέλητας. |
| 7 | Τιμαγόραν | Τιμαγόρας | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εἶδε | obj | high | Object of εἶδε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 εἶδε | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 τοσοῦτο | case | high | Preposition governing τοσοῦτο. |
| 10 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | PRON | Pd--ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 μετανοίας | obl | high | Accusative extent complement with ἐς. |
| 11 | μετανοίας | μετάνοια | NOUN | N--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τοσοῦτο | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τοσοῦτο. |
| 12 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V--AAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main infinitive of the reported construction; governs Μέλητα as accusative subject. |
| 13 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 πεσεῖν | mark | high | Introduces a result clause. |
| 14 | πεσεῖν | πίπτω | VERB | V--AAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἐλθεῖν | xcomp | high | Result infinitive dependent on ἐλθεῖν. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 πεσεῖν | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 πέτρας | case | high | Preposition governing πέτρας. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πέτρας | det | high | |
| 18 | πέτρας | πέτρα | NOUN | N--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πεσεῖν | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 αὐτῆς | det | high | |
| 20 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πέτρας | nmod | high | Intensifying/anaphoric modifier of πέτρας: “the same.” |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἐτελεύτησε | cc | high | Coordinates the following action with πεσεῖν. |
| 22 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 ἀφεὶς | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀφεὶς/ἐτελεύτησε: “thus.” |
| 23 | ἀφεὶς | ἀφίημι | VERB | V--AAPNS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἐτελεύτησε | advcl | high | Nominative circumstantial participle, subject understood as Μέλητας. |
| 24 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P--ASM3-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rfl | 23 ἀφεὶς | obj | high | Reflexive object of ἀφεὶς. |
| 25 | ἐτελεύτησε | τελευτάω | VERB | V--AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 πεσεῖν | conj | medium | Coordinated finite verb, with understood subject Μέλητας; coordination is structurally compressed after the result infinitive. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 ἐλθεῖν | punct | high |
καὶ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν δαίμονα Ἀντέρωτα τὸν ἀλάστορα τὸν Τιμαγόρου κατέστη τοῖς μετοίκοις νομίζειν.
Accusative-and-infinitive construction: κατέστη governs νομίζειν, with δαίμονα Ἀντέρωτα as the infinitive’s accusative subject; ἐντεῦθεν is an adverbial modifier, and τοῖς μετοίκοις is the dative experiencer/recipient. The article-noun sequences are appositional, though the final τὸν Τιμαγόρου is textually somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 10 κατέστη | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐντεῦθεν | det | medium | Neuter article substantivizing/adverbializing the expression with ἐντεῦθεν; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 3 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | d-------- | _ | 10 κατέστη | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial phrase τὸ ἐντεῦθεν, ‘thereafter/from then on’. |
| 4 | δαίμονα | δαίμων | NOUN | N----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 νομίζειν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive νομίζειν. |
| 5 | Ἀντέρωτα | Ἀντέρως | PROPN | NPM-1a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 δαίμονα | appos | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀλάστορα | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀλάστορα | ἀλάστωρ | NOUN | N----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀντέρωτα | appos | high | Appositional epithet for Ἀντέρωτα. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Τιμαγόρου | det | high | |
| 9 | Τιμαγόρου | Τιμαγόρας | PROPN | NPM-1g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀλάστορα | nmod | medium | Genitive identifies the avenging spirit as that of Timagoras; the intervening article-noun sequence is syntactically compressed. |
| 10 | κατέστη | καθίστημι | VERB | V---3SIA- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active, with infinitival complement. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μετοίκοις | det | high | |
| 12 | μετοίκοις | μέτοικος | NOUN | N----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 νομίζειν | iobj | high | Dative complement/experiencer of νομίζειν. |
| 13 | νομίζειν | νομίζω | VERB | V---PNA- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 κατέστη | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by κατέστη; its accusative subject is δαίμονα. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | punc | _ | 10 κατέστη | punct | high |