Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 1.30.2

← 1.30.11.30.3 →

Passage 1.30.2

Open translation for this passage

5sentences parsed
68Greek tokens
3,432input tokens
5,188output tokens
Sentence 1

1.30.2 sentence 1

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ἐν Ἀκαδημίᾳ δέ ἐστι Προμηθέως βωμός, καὶ θέουσιν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἔχοντες καιομένας λαμπάδας·

The clause with θέουσιν is somewhat elliptical; I analyze ἔχοντες ... λαμπάδας as a participial attendant clause modifying the motion verb.

punct advcl obl punct obl nsubj obl case obj case discourse nmod cc case det amod root root 1 ἐν ἐν / ADP 2 Ἀκαδημίᾳ Ἀκαδημία / PROPN 3 δέ δέ / PART 4 ἐστι εἰμί / VERB 5 Προμηθέως Προμηθεύς / PROPN 6 βωμός βωμός / NOUN 7 , , / PUNCT 8 καὶ καί / CCONJ 9 θέουσιν θέω / VERB 10 ἀπʼ ἀπό / ADP 11 αὐτοῦ αὐτός / PRON 12 πρὸς πρός / ADP 13 τὴν ὁ / DET 14 πόλιν πόλις / NOUN 15 ἔχοντες ἔχω / VERB 16 καιομένας καίω / VERB 17 λαμπάδας λαμπάς / NOUN 18 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἐνἐνADPRAdpType=Prep2 ἈκαδημίᾳcasehighPreposition with dative.
2ἈκαδημίᾳἈκαδημίαPROPNN--s---fd-Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing4 ἐστιoblhighLocative complement of ἐστι.
3δέδέPARTG--------_4 ἐστιdiscoursehighPostpositive particle.
4ἐστιεἰμίVERBV3spia---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain clause copular/existential verb.
5ΠρομηθέωςΠρομηθεύςPROPNN--s---mg-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 βωμόςnmodhighGenitive modifier of βωμός.
6βωμόςβωμόςNOUNN--s---mn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing4 ἐστιnsubjhighSubject of existential ἐστι.
7,,PUNCT__4 ἐστιpuncthighPunctuation.
8καὶκαίCCONJC--------_9 θέουσινcchighCoordinates the second clause.
9θέουσινθέωVERBV3ppia---Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTrootmediumLikely second finite verb; syntax somewhat elliptical.
10ἀπʼἀπόADPRAdpType=Prep11 αὐτοῦcasehighPreposition governing genitive.
11αὐτοῦαὐτόςPRONPp-s---mg-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs9 θέουσινoblhighOblique source phrase with ἀπό.
12πρὸςπρόςADPRAdpType=Prep14 πόλινcasehighPreposition with accusative.
13τὴνDETL-s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art14 πόλινdethighArticle modifying πόλιν.
14πόλινπόλιςNOUNN--s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing9 θέουσινoblhighDirectional oblique with πρός.
15ἔχοντεςἔχωVERBV-papamn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act9 θέουσινadvclhighSupplementary participial clause.
16καιομέναςκαίωVERBV-papfpa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid17 λαμπάδαςamodmediumParticipial modifier of λαμπάδας; form could be read as adjectival.
17λαμπάδαςλαμπάςNOUNN--p---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur15 ἔχοντεςobjhighObject of ἔχοντες.
18··PUNCT__9 θέουσινpuncthighPunctuation.
Sentence 3

1.30.2 sentence 3

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15
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712
Output
1,149
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1,861

ἀποσβεσθείσης δὲ οὐδὲν ἔτι τῆς νίκης τῷ πρώτῳ, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ μέτεστιν·

The main syntactic difficulty is the impersonal construction with μέτεστιν and the attachment of the two datives (τῷ πρώτῳ, δευτέρῳ) plus the phrase ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ.

advcl discourse nsubj advmod nmod iobj punct nmod iobj discourse det det case punct root 1 ἀποσβεσθείσης ἀποσβέννυμι / VERB 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 οὐδὲν οὐδείς / PRON 4 ἔτι ἔτι / ADV 5 τῆς ὁ / DET 6 νίκης νίκη / NOUN 7 τῷ ὁ / DET 8 πρώτῳ πρῶτος / ADJ 9 , , / PUNCT 10 δευτέρῳ δεύτερος / ADJ 11 δὲ δέ / PART 12 ἀντʼ ἀντί / ADP 13 αὐτοῦ αὐτός / PRON 14 μέτεστιν μέτεστιν / VERB 15 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἀποσβεσθείσηςἀποσβέννυμιVERBV-APP-SFAspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass14 μέτεστινadvclhighGenitive absolute participle modifying the main clause.
2δὲδέPARTG_14 μέτεστινdiscoursehighPostpositive connective particle.
3οὐδὲνοὐδείςPRONA-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing14 μέτεστινnsubjmediumLikely subject with μέτεστιν; could be adverbial/accusative-like in sense, but nominative is expected here.
4ἔτιἔτιADVD_14 μέτεστινadvmodhighTemporal adverb.
5τῆςDETT-ASFCase=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing6 νίκηςdethighArticle modifying νίκης.
6νίκηςνίκηNOUNN-ASFCase=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing14 μέτεστινnmodhighGenitive complement dependent on the impersonal verb.
7τῷDETT-DSMCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing8 πρώτῳdethighArticle modifying πρώτῳ.
8πρώτῳπρῶτοςADJA-DSM-SCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing14 μέτεστινiobjmediumDative beneficiary/recipient with μέτεστιν.
9,,PUNCT__14 μέτεστινpuncthighPunctuation.
10δευτέρῳδεύτεροςADJA-DSM-SCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing14 μέτεστινiobjmediumSecond dative argument coordinated/contrasted with τῷ πρώτῳ.
11δὲδέPARTG_14 μέτεστινdiscoursehighPostpositive connective particle.
12ἀντʼἀντίADPRAdpType=Prep13 αὐτοῦcasehighPreposition governing genitive.
13αὐτοῦαὐτόςPRONP-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs8 πρώτῳnmodmediumDependent of πρώτῳ in the phrase ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
14μέτεστινμέτεστινVERBV-PAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighImpersonal verb meaning 'there is a share to/for'.
15··PUNCT__14 μέτεστινpuncthighPunctuation.
Sentence 4

1.30.2 sentence 4

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12
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664
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923
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1,587

εἰ δὲ μηδὲ τούτῳ καίοιτο, ὁ τρίτος ἐστὶν ὁ κρατῶν·

Protasis with εἰ + optative; main clause is copular, with τρίτος as the nominal subject and κρατῶν as an attributive participial modifier.

mark advcl discourse punct acl punct advmod obl det nsubj det root 1 εἰ εἰ / SCONJ 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 μηδὲ μηδέ / CCONJ 4 τούτῳ οὗτος / PRON 5 καίοιτο καίω / VERB 6 , , / PUNCT 7 ὁ / DET 8 τρίτος τρίτος / ADJ 9 ἐστὶν εἰμί / AUX 10 ὁ / DET 11 κρατῶν κρατέω / VERB 12 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1εἰεἰSCONJ__5 καίοιτοmarkhighConditional particle introducing the protasis.
2δὲδέPART__5 καίοιτοdiscoursehighPostpositive connective/discourse particle.
3μηδὲμηδέCCONJ__5 καίοιτοadvmodmediumNegative connective particle modifying the verb; could also be analyzed as part of the conditional phrase.
4τούτῳοὗτοςPRONP-p---md-Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem5 καίοιτοoblhighDative object/complement with the verb 'yield/be burning'.
5καίοιτοκαίωVERBV-ppo--3s-Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid9 ἐστὶνadvclhighVerb of the conditional protasis.
6,,PUNCT__9 ἐστὶνpuncthighComma punctuation.
7DETL-------Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art8 τρίτοςdethighArticle modifying τρίτος.
8τρίτοςτρίτοςADJA-s---mn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing9 ἐστὶνnsubjhighPredicate nominative functioning as subject-like nominal.
9ἐστὶνεἰμίAUXV-ppia--3sMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighCopular main verb.
10DETL-------Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art11 κρατῶνdethighArticle with participle.
11κρατῶνκρατέωVERBV-papamn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act8 τρίτοςaclmediumAttributive participle modifying τρίτος; could be appositional in sense.
12··PUNCT__9 ἐστὶνpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
Sentence 5

1.30.2 sentence 5

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13
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683
Output
980
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1,663

εἰ δὲ καὶ πᾶσιν ἀποσβεσθείη, οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅτῳ καταλείπεται ἡ νίκη.

The main clause is existential/coplanar (οὐδείς ἐστιν), with a relative clause ὅτῳ καταλείπεται ἡ νίκη; the initial εἰ-clause is a conditional protasis containing aorist optative.

punct mark advmod advcl acl:relcl nsubj:pass advmod obl punct nsubj obl det root 1 εἰ εἰ / SCONJ 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 καὶ καί / PART 4 πᾶσιν πᾶς / ADJ 5 ἀποσβεσθείη ἀποσβέννυμι / VERB 6 , , / PUNCT 7 οὐδείς οὐδείς / PRON 8 ἐστιν εἰμί / VERB 9 ὅτῳ ὅστις / PRON 10 καταλείπεται καταλείπω / VERB 11 ὁ / DET 12 νίκη νίκη / NOUN 13 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1εἰεἰSCONJ__5 ἀποσβεσθείηmarkhighConditional particle introducing protasis.
2δὲδέPART__5 ἀποσβεσθείηadvmodhighPostpositive connective particle.
3καὶκαίPART__4 πᾶσινadvmodhighFocus/additive particle modifying πᾶσιν.
4πᾶσινπᾶςADJ_Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur5 ἀποσβεσθείηoblhighDative with passive verb, likely 'for/in all respects'.
5ἀποσβεσθείηἀποσβέννυμιVERBV--O--3S-Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass8 ἐστινadvclhighVerb of the conditional protasis.
6,,PUNCT__5 ἀποσβεσθείηpuncthighComma punctuation.
7οὐδείςοὐδείςPRON_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing8 ἐστινnsubjhighSubject of ἐστιν.
8ἐστινεἰμίVERBV-PIA-3S-Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain copular/existential predicate.
9ὅτῳὅστιςPRON_Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing10 καταλείπεταιoblmediumRelative/interrogative dative; likely governed by καταλείπεται ('to whom').
10καταλείπεταικαταλείπωVERBV-PII-3S-Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid7 οὐδείςacl:relclhighRelative clause modifying οὐδείς.
11DET_Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing12 νίκηdethighDefinite article.
12νίκηνίκηNOUN_Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing10 καταλείπεταιnsubj:passhighSubject of passive verb καταλείπεται.
13..PUNCT__8 ἐστινpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
Sentence 7

1.30.2 sentence 7

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10
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640
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1,434

καὶ φυτόν ἐστιν ἐλαίας, δεύτερον τοῦτο λεγόμενον φανῆναι.

The phrase is elliptic and somewhat awkward; I treat φυτόν as the subject/predicative core with a genitive modifier, and the participial-infinitival sequence as a complement-like explanatory clause.

punct xcomp advmod cc nmod punct nsubj obj advcl root 1 καὶ καί / CCONJ 2 φυτόν φυτόν / NOUN 3 ἐστιν εἰμί / AUX 4 ἐλαίας ἐλαία / NOUN 5 , , / PUNCT 6 δεύτερον δεύτερος / ADJ 7 τοῦτο οὗτος / PRON 8 λεγόμενον λέγω / VERB 9 φανῆναι φαίνω / VERB 10 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1καὶκαίCCONJ__3 ἐστινcchighCoordinating conjunction.
2φυτόνφυτόνNOUN_Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular3 ἐστινnsubjmediumLikely nominative subject of ἐστιν, though predicate-subject structure is somewhat loose.
3ἐστινεἰμίAUX_Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active0 ROOTroothighCopular root.
4ἐλαίαςἐλαίαNOUN_Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular2 φυτόνnmodhighGenitive modifier of φυτόν.
5,,PUNCT__3 ἐστινpuncthighPunctuation.
6δεύτερονδεύτεροςADJ_Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular9 φανῆναιadvmodmediumCould also be taken as adverbial 'secondly'; attached here to infinitive phrase.
7τοῦτοοὗτοςPRON_Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem8 λεγόμενονobjhighDemonstrative pronoun, object of λεγόμενον in participial construction.
8λεγόμενονλέγωVERB_Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle9 φανῆναιadvclmediumParticipial clause modifying the infinitive; exact attachment is uncertain.
9φανῆναιφαίνωVERB_Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Passive3 ἐστινxcomphighComplementary infinitive governed by ἐστιν.
10..PUNCT__3 ἐστινpuncthighPunctuation.
← 1.30.11.30.3 →