Grammar parses for passage 1.31.5
Open translation for this passage
πυνθανόμενος δὲ σαφὲς οὐδὲν ἐς αὐτὰς ἐπισταμένους τοὺς ἐξηγητὰς εὗρον, αὐτὸς δὲ συμβάλλομαι τῇδε.
The first participial phrase is best read as πυνθανόμενος ... εὗρον, with ἐπισταμένους modifying the accusative ἐξηγητάς; τῇδε with συμβάλλομαι is elliptical and semantically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πυνθανόμενος | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 εὗρον | advcl | high | Present middle participle, sharing the implicit first-person subject of εὗρον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 εὗρον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σαφὲς | σαφής | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 οὐδὲν | amod | medium | Neuter adjective substantivized with οὐδέν. |
| 4 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 10 εὗρον | obj | high | Negative indefinite pronoun, object of εὗρον; its adjective-like σαφές is predicative/attributive. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αὐτὰς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative αὐτάς. |
| 6 | αὐτὰς | αὐτός | PRON | P-AF3P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 7 ἐπισταμένους | obl | high | Object of the participle ἐπισταμένους with εἰς expressing reference. |
| 7 | ἐπισταμένους | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐξηγητὰς | acl | high | Participial modifier of τοὺς ἐξηγητάς; governs αὐτάς. |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξηγητὰς | det | high | Article agreeing with ἐξηγητάς. |
| 9 | ἐξηγητὰς | ἐξηγητής | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εὗρον | obj | high | Accusative object of εὗρον; modified by the participle ἐπισταμένους. |
| 10 | εὗρον | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-2AAI-1S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist indicative, first-person singular. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εὗρον | punct | high | |
| 12 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 συμβάλλομαι | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun functioning as the explicit subject of συμβάλλομαι. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 συμβάλλομαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective linking the second main clause. |
| 14 | συμβάλλομαι | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-PMI-1S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 εὗρον | conj | high | Second coordinated first-person main verb; middle voice means I infer/conclude. |
| 15 | τῇδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-FDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 συμβάλλομαι | obl | medium | Dative demonstrative, likely referring to the present conclusion or interpretation; exact ellipsis is uncertain. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εὗρον | punct | high |
ἔστιν Ἀμάρυνθος ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ· καὶ γὰρ οἱ ταύτῃ τιμῶσιν Ἀμαρυσίαν, ἑορτὴν δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι τῆς Ἀμαρυσίας ἄγουσιν οὐδέν τι Εὐβοέων ἀφανέστερον·
The second clause coordinates ἄγουσιν with τιμῶσιν; ἀφανέστερον is a compressed predicate/comparative expression, and the exact understood subject or complement is elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | Ἀμάρυνθος | Ἀμάρυνθος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate/location subject with existential εἰμί. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 4 Εὐβοίᾳ | case | high | |
| 4 | Εὐβοίᾳ | Εὔβοια | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστιν | obl | high | |
| 5 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 τιμῶσιν | cc | high | |
| 7 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PTC | _ | 10 τιμῶσιν | discourse | medium | Postpositive explanatory particle; relation represented as discourse. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 τιμῶσιν | nsubj | high | Substantival article, ‘those [there]’. |
| 9 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | D-D-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τιμῶσιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial dative, ‘here/in this place’. |
| 10 | τιμῶσιν | τιμάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinated explanatory clause. |
| 11 | Ἀμαρυσίαν | Ἀμαρυσία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τιμῶσιν | obj | high | Name of the deity/festival cult recipient. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 τιμῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἑορτὴν | ἑορτή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἄγουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἄγουσιν. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἄγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 Ἀθηναῖοι | advmod | high | Adds Athens as subject (‘the Athenians too’). |
| 16 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἄγουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀμαρυσίας | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἀμαρυσίας | Ἀμαρυσία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἑορτὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἑορτήν: festival of Amarysia. |
| 19 | ἄγουσιν | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 τιμῶσιν | conj | high | Coordinated main verb. |
| 20 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἀφανέστερον | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘not at all/no whit’. |
| 21 | τι | τις | PRON | X-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 οὐδέν | fixed | medium | Indefinite τι in adverbial expression οὐδέν τι. |
| 22 | Εὐβοέων | Εὐβοεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἀφανέστερον | obl | high | Partitive/comparative genitive with ἀφανέστερον. |
| 23 | ἀφανέστερον | ἀφανής | ADJ | A-NSN-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἄγουσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in comparison; neuter form likely agrees with implicit/understood τὸ ἱερόν or ἑορτήν, with construction compressed. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἄγουσιν | punct | high |
ταύτῃ μὲν γενέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα ἐπὶ τούτῳ παρὰ Ἀθμονεῦσιν ἡγοῦμαι, τὴν δὲ ἐν Μυρρινοῦντι Κολαινίδα ἀπὸ Κολαίνου καλεῖσθαι.
The sentence has two coordinated accusative-and-infinitive clauses governed by ἡγοῦμαι: ταύτῃ ... γενέσθαι ... ὄνομα and τὴν ... Κολαινίδα ... καλεῖσθαι. The first infinitive's subject is τὸ ὄνομα; the second is τὴν ... Κολαινίδα. ταύτῃ is an instrumental/dative reference pronoun, and ἐπὶ τούτῳ is causal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--fs | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of means or reference: 'by/for this woman or thing'; exact antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 3 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Correlative particle, anticipating δέ. |
| 3 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 ἡγοῦμαι | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive in the first accusative-and-infinitive complement of ἡγοῦμαι. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 5 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject is formally identical to nominative in the neuter; syntactically subject of γενέσθαι. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 7 τούτῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--nsn | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 γενέσθαι | obl | high | With ἐπί and dative, causal or circumstantial: 'on account of this'. |
| 8 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 9 Ἀθμονεῦσιν | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἀθμονεῦσιν | Ἀθμονεύς | PROPN | Ne--p | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 3 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative plural ethnic name governed by παρά: 'among/by the Athmoneans'. |
| 10 | ἡγοῦμαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V1SPI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, 'I consider/think'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἡγοῦμαι | punct | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Κολαινίδα | det | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 19 καλεῖσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival clause with the first. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 15 Μυρρινοῦντι | case | high | |
| 15 | Μυρρινοῦντι | Μυρρινοῦς | PROPN | Ne--ds | Case=Dat|Number=Sing | 16 Κολαινίδα | nmod | medium | Place-name in the dative after ἐν; attached to Κολαινίδα. |
| 16 | Κολαινίδα | Κολαινίς | PROPN | Ne--as | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 καλεῖσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of καλεῖσθαι; the article and proper name form the second infinitive's subject phrase. |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 18 Κολαίνου | case | high | |
| 18 | Κολαίνου | Κολαῖνος | PROPN | Ne--gs | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 19 καλεῖσθαι | obl | high | Source/origin genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 19 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | V--PPN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 10 ἡγοῦμαι | conj | high | Present passive infinitive coordinated with γενέσθαι and governed by ἡγοῦμαι. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἡγοῦμαι | punct | high |
γέγραπται δʼ ἤδη μοι τῶν ἐν τοῖς δήμοις φάναι πολλοὺς ὡς καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐβασιλεύοντο τῆς Κέκροπος· ἔστι δὲ ὁ Κόλαινος ἀνδρὸς ὄνομα πρότερον ἢ Κέκροψ ἐβασίλευσεν ---ὡς οἱ Μυρρινούσιοι λέγουσιν---ἄρξαντος.
The first clause is impersonal γέγραπται with dative μοι and infinitival complement φάναι; τῶν ... δήμοις is a partitive/genitive group, and πολλούς is the accusative subject of φάναι. In the second clause, ὁ Κόλαινος is the subject of ἔστι, with ἀνδρός ὄνομα as a genitive predicate/description; ἄρξαντος is a genitive absolute, probably referring to Κέκροπος, while the inserted Μυρρινούσιοι clause is parenthetical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γέγραπται | γράφω | VERB | V-RPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal perfect passive, 'it has been written'. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 γέγραπται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 γέγραπται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P1-SD---- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 γέγραπται | iobj | high | Dative of author/experiencer. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GP---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 δήμοις | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 δήμοις | case | high | |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DP---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 δήμοις | det | high | |
| 8 | δήμοις | δῆμος | NOUN | N-DM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πολλοὺς | nmod | high | With ἐν; τῶν δήμοις means 'of those in the demes'. |
| 9 | φάναι | φημί | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 γέγραπται | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of γέγραπται. |
| 10 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φάναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐβασιλεύοντο | mark | high | Introduces the finite content clause. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐβασιλεύοντο | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, 'also/even'. |
| 13 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GS---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GS---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐβασιλεύοντο | obl | high | Object of πρό. |
| 16 | ἐβασιλεύοντο | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Pass | 9 φάναι | ccomp | medium | Passive morphology; semantic subject is the πολλούς group. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GS---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Κέκροπος | det | high | |
| 18 | Κέκροπος | Κέκροψ | PROPN | N-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐβασιλεύοντο | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχή, with article omitted in the token sequence's attachment. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | New coordinated/main clause after the strong punctuation. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Κόλαινος | det | high | |
| 23 | Κόλαινος | Κόλαινος | PROPN | N-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 24 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ὄνομα | nmod | medium | Genitive of description/possession with ὄνομα. |
| 25 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔστι | nsubj | medium | Nominal predicate or appositional subject complement: 'is the name of a man'. |
| 26 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-SNA---- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἐβασίλευσεν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, 'earlier/before'. |
| 27 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 ἐβασίλευσεν | mark | medium | Comparative conjunction introducing the temporal comparison. |
| 28 | Κέκροψ | Κέκροψ | PROPN | N-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐβασίλευσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐβασίλευσεν. |
| 29 | ἐβασίλευσεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἔστι | advcl | medium | Temporal/comparative subordinate clause, 'before Cecrops ruled'. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ὡς | punct | high | Dash opening parenthesis. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ὡς | punct | high | Dash opening parenthesis. |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ὡς | punct | high | Dash opening parenthesis. |
| 33 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 36 λέγουσιν | mark | high | Introduces reported-speech/content clause. |
| 34 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 35 Μυρρινούσιοι | det | high | |
| 35 | Μυρρινούσιοι | Μυρρινούσιος | PROPN | N-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Demonym; subject of λέγουσιν. |
| 36 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 ἔστι | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical reporting verb; attached paratactically to the main clause. |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Dash closing parenthesis. |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Dash closing parenthesis. |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Dash closing parenthesis. |
| 40 | ἄρξαντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἔστι | advcl | low | Genitive absolute; understood genitive subject is likely Κέκροπος, but the overt genitive subject is omitted. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔστι | punct | high |