Grammar parses for passage 1.32.1
Open translation for this passage
ὄρη δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ἐστὶ Πεντελικὸν ἔνθα λιθοτομίαι, καὶ Πάρνης παρεχομένη θήραν συῶν ἀγρίων καὶ ἄρκτων, καὶ Ὑμηττὸς ὃς φύει νομὰς μελίσσαις ἐπιτηδειοτάτας πλὴν τῆς Ἀλαζώνων.
Coordinated nominal description after ὄρη ἐστὶ: Πεντελικόν, Πάρνης, and Ὑμηττός are predicate nominatives; ἔνθα introduces a locative relative-like clause, while ὃς introduces the final relative clause. The phrase πλὴν τῆς Ἀλαζώνων is an exception phrase, with τῆς likely substantivized/genitive dependent on Ἀλαζώνων; exact ellipsis is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄρη | ὄρος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐστὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστὶ | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/association: 'for the Athenians'. |
| 4 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Πεντελικὸν | Πεντελικόν | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶ | orphan | medium | Predicate nominative coordinated with later mountain names; neuter singular name. |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 λιθοτομίαι | advmod | high | Locative adverb introducing the associated clause. |
| 7 | λιθοτομίαι | λιθοτομία | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 Πεντελικὸν | appos | medium | Nominal clause/locative assertion: 'where there are quarries'; syntactically elliptical. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λιθοτομίαι | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Πάρνης | cc | high | |
| 10 | Πάρνης | Πάρνης | PROPN | N-NF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶ | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate nominative. |
| 11 | παρεχομένη | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 Πάρνης | acl | high | Participial modifier of Πάρνης. |
| 12 | θήραν | θήρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 παρεχομένη | obj | high | |
| 13 | συῶν | σῦς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 θήραν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θήραν. |
| 14 | ἀγρίων | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 συῶν | amod | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἄρκτων | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἄρκτων | ἄρκτος | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 θήραν | conj | high | Coordinated genitive dependent on θήραν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 Πάρνης | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 Ὑμηττὸς | cc | high | |
| 19 | Ὑμηττὸς | Ὑμηττός | PROPN | N-NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶ | conj | high | Third coordinated predicate nominative. |
| 20 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-RNM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 φύει | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ὑμηττός. |
| 21 | φύει | φύω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 Ὑμηττὸς | acl:relcl | high | |
| 22 | νομὰς | νομή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 φύει | obj | high | Pastures/grazing grounds produced by Ὑμηττός. |
| 23 | μελίσσαις | μέλισσα | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 νομὰς | nmod | high | Dative of suitability/advantage: suitable for bees. |
| 24 | ἐπιτηδειοτάτας | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A-APF-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 νομὰς | amod | high | |
| 25 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Ἀλαζώνων | case | high | Exception preposition. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Ἀλαζώνων | det | medium | Article in an elliptical/substantivized exception phrase. |
| 27 | Ἀλαζώνων | Ἀλαζών | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπιτηδειοτάτας | nmod | low | Genitive ethnic name; the ellipsis and attachment of the exception phrase are uncertain. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
Ἀλαζῶσι γὰρ συνήθεις ὁμοῦ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐς νομὰς ἰοῦσιν εἰσὶν ἄφετοι καὶ μέλισσαι, οὐδὲ σφᾶς ἐς σίμβλους καθείρξαντες ἔχουσιν·
The copular clause has ἄφετοι καὶ μέλισσαι as subject/predicate complement structure: εἰσὶν governs the coordinated subject μέλισσαι with ἄφετοι as predicative adjective; Ἀλαζῶσι is a dative of reference. The participial phrase ὁμοῦ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐς νομὰς ἰοῦσιν modifies μέλισσαι, and καθείρξαντες is a circumstantial participle with σφᾶς as its object and ἔχουσιν as its verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλαζῶσι | Ἀλαζῶ | PROPN | Ne | Case=Dat|Number=Sing | 11 ἄφετοι | obl | medium | Dative of reference; place-name lemma normalized as nominative. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Gd | _ | 10 εἰσὶν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | συνήθεις | συνήθης | ADJ | A--pna | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἰοῦσιν | amod | medium | Predicative/depictive adjective modifying the bees understood with ἰοῦσιν. |
| 4 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἰοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P--dmd-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄλλοις | det | high | |
| 6 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--dmd-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Substantivized dative, ‘the others’. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 νομὰς | case | high | |
| 8 | νομὰς | νομή | NOUN | N---af-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Goal/destination with ἰοῦσιν. |
| 9 | ἰοῦσιν | εἶμι | VERB | V-Ppdam-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 μέλισσαι | acl | high | Dative participle agreeing with μέλισσαι. |
| 10 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἄφετοι | ἄφετος | ADJ | A--pna | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἰσὶν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with copula. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 μέλισσαι | cc | high | |
| 13 | μέλισσαι | μέλισσα | NOUN | N---fn-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominal subject; adjective ἄφετοι is predicative. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 15 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἔχουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the negative clause. |
| 16 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P--ap--- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 καθείρξαντες | obj | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 σίμβλους | case | high | |
| 18 | σίμβλους | σίμβλος | NOUN | N---am-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 καθείρξαντες | obl | high | Goal with ἐς. |
| 19 | καθείρξαντες | καθείργω | VERB | V-Apanm-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἔχουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle; masculine agreement is with the understood human subject of ἔχουσιν. |
| 20 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 εἰσὶν | conj | high | Negative coordinated predicate; subject is understood from μέλισσαι, with καθείρξαντες construed circumstantially. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν, Ἀθηναίοις δὲ τὰ ὄρη καὶ θεῶν ἀγάλματα ἔχει·
The first clause is copular: τοῦτο is the subject and τοιοῦτον the predicate adjective. In the second clause, Ἀθηναίοις is a dative of possession/reference with τὰ ὄρη καὶ θεῶν ἀγάλματα as coordinated subjects of ἔχει; θεῶν is a genitive dependent on ἀγάλματα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PDN-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart δέ follows. |
| 3 | τοιοῦτόν | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐστιν | acomp | high | Predicate adjective with omitted/copular complement. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 13 ἔχει | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference; alternatively construed as beneficiary. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἔχει | cc | high | Correlative adversative particle. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ὄρη | det | high | |
| 9 | ὄρη | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject of ἔχει. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀγάλματα | cc | high | Coordinates the two nominal subjects. |
| 11 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀγάλματα | nmod | high | |
| 12 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἔχει | conj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἔχει. |
| 13 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated with the preceding copular clause. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔχει | punct | high |