Grammar parses for passage 1.32.5
Open translation for this passage
συνέβη δὲ ὡς λέγουσιν ἄνδρα ἐν τῇ μάχῃ παρεῖναι τὸ εἶδος καὶ τὴν σκευὴν ἄγροικον·
The core is συνέβη ... ἄνδρα ... παρεῖναι, with λέγουσιν as a parenthetical reporting verb; ἄγροικον is predicative of ἄνδρα and governs two accusatives of respect.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-3IAI-S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/main verb: 'it happened'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνέβη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 λέγουσιν | mark | medium | Introduces the reported-content clause with λέγουσιν. |
| 4 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PEAI-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 1 συνέβη | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical/reporting verb, syntactically interrupting the ὡς-clause. |
| 5 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 9 παρεῖναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive παρεῖναι. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 μάχῃ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ μάχῃ. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF- | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 8 μάχῃ | det | high | Article modifying μάχῃ. |
| 8 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 9 παρεῖναι | obl | high | Locative circumstance with ἐν. |
| 9 | παρεῖναι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PNA- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 1 συνέβη | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement expressing the reported event. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 11 εἶδος | det | high | Article with εἶδος. |
| 11 | εἶδος | εἶδος | NOUN | N-ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 15 ἄγροικον | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with ἄγροικον: rustic in appearance. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 σκευὴν | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative-of-respect phrases. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 14 σκευὴν | det | high | Article with σκευήν. |
| 14 | σκευὴν | σκευή | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 15 ἄγροικον | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with ἄγροικον: rustic in equipment. |
| 15 | ἄγροικον | ἄγροικος | ADJ | A-ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 5 ἄνδρα | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective agreeing with ἄνδρα; its accusative complements are εἶδος and σκευήν. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνέβη | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
οὗτος τῶν βαρβάρων πολλοὺς καταφονεύσας ἀρότρῳ μετὰ τὸ ἔργον ἦν ἀφανής·
Main clause: οὗτος ... ἦν ἀφανής, with καταφονεύσας as an anterior circumstantial participle; πολλούς is its object, τῶν βαρβάρων a partitive genitive, ἀρότρῳ an instrumental dative, and μετὰ τὸ ἔργον an adverbial temporal phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 3 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καταφονεύσας | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘of the barbarians’. |
| 4 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A--APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καταφονεύσας | obj | high | Object of καταφονεύσας. |
| 5 | καταφονεύσας | καταφονεύω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἦν | advcl | high | Anterior circumstantial participle. |
| 6 | ἀρότρῳ | ἄροτρον | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 καταφονεύσας | obl:instr | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 7 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | _ | 9 ἔργον | case | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 9 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦν | obl:tmod | high | Temporal expression with μετά. |
| 10 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἀφανής | ἀφανής | ADJ | A--NMS | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | punct | high |
ἐρομένοις δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ἄλλο μὲν ὁ θεὸς ἐς αὐτὸν ἔχρησεν οὐδέν, τιμᾶν δὲ Ἐχετλαῖον ἐκέλευσεν ἥρωα.
The dative participial phrase ἐρομένοις δὲ Ἀθηναίοις is temporal/circumstantial (‘when the Athenians asked’); ἔχρησεν governs the dative Ἀθηναίοις and the accusative oracle content ἄλλο ... οὐδέν, while τιμᾶν ... ἥρωα is an infinitival command complement of ἐκέλευσεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐρομένοις | ἔρομαι | VERB | V--AMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 Ἀθηναίοις | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, agreeing with Ἀθηναίοις; circumstantial/temporal. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἐρομένοις | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔχρησεν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/addressee of ἔχρησεν. |
| 4 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔχρησεν | obj | high | Substantivized neuter accusative, ‘anything else’; modified by μὲν and qualified by οὐδέν. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἄλλο | discourse | high | Correlative particle, balanced with δὲ at token 14. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 7 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔχρησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 αὐτὸν | case | high | |
| 9 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἔχρησεν | obl | high | Object of ἐς; refers to Echetlaios/‘him’. |
| 10 | ἔχρησεν | χράω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, ‘gave an oracle/instructed’. |
| 11 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | P---NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 4 ἄλλο | advmod | high | Negative quantifier modifying/subsuming ἄλλο: ‘nothing else’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔχρησεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | τιμᾶν | τιμάω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | xcomp | high | Present active infinitive, complement of ἐκέλευσεν. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ. |
| 15 | Ἐχετλαῖον | Ἐχετλαῖος | PROPN | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τιμᾶν | obj | high | Accusative object of τιμᾶν; proper name used substantivally. |
| 16 | ἐκέλευσεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἔχρησεν | parataxis | high | Coordinated main predicate after the oracle statement. |
| 17 | ἥρωα | ἥρως | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | obj | high | Predicative/object-oriented accusative with Ἐχετλαῖον: ‘as a hero’. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔχρησεν | punct | high |
οὔτε γὰρ χῶμα οὔτε ἄλλο σημεῖον ἦν ἰδεῖν, ἐς ὄρυγμα δὲ φέροντες σφᾶς ὡς τύχοιεν ἐσέβαλον.
The first clause has an existential ἦν with coordinated subjects χῶμα and σημεῖον and infinitival complement ἰδεῖν; the second clause describes them throwing the people into a trench wherever they happened to find one. The antecedent of σφᾶς is understood from context and its exact syntactic role is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 χῶμα | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 σημεῖον | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 σημεῖον | amod | high | |
| 6 | σημεῖον | σημεῖον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | conj | high | Coordinated with χῶμα. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential verb; ἰδεῖν is its infinitival complement. |
| 8 | ἰδεῖν | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἦν | xcomp | high | Infinitive of purpose/content with existential ἦν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ὄρυγμα | case | high | |
| 11 | ὄρυγμα | ὄρυγμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐσέβαλον | obl | high | Goal/destination of ἐσέβαλον. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἐσέβαλον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | φέροντες | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐσέβαλον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood with the main verb. |
| 14 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AAP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 17 ἐσέβαλον | obj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun; antecedent supplied by context. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 16 τύχοιεν | mark | high | Introduces indefinite temporal/relative subordinate clause. |
| 16 | τύχοιεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAO-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 φέροντες | advcl | medium | Aorist optative in the ὡς-clause; exact nuance is context-dependent. |
| 17 | ἐσέβαλον | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite clause; coordination with the preceding clause is implicit across the punctuation. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐσέβαλον | punct | high |