Grammar parses for passage 1.33.2
Open translation for this passage
Μαραθῶνος δὲ σταδίους μάλιστα ἑξήκοντα ἀπέχει Ῥαμνοῦς τὴν παρὰ θάλασσαν ἰοῦσιν ἐς Ὠρωπόν.
The participial phrase ἰοῦσιν ἐς Ὠρωπόν is a dative-of-reference construction (‘for those going to Oropos’); παρά θάλασσαν describes the route.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μαραθῶνος | Μαραθών | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Genitive of starting point/distance reference: from Marathon. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | cc | high | |
| 3 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Accusative of extent/distance. |
| 4 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 5 ἑξήκοντα | advmod | high | Approximately/at most modifies the numeral phrase. |
| 5 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 3 σταδίους | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying στάδιους. |
| 6 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Ῥαμνοῦς | Ῥαμνούς | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | Subject: Rhamnous is distant. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 θάλασσαν | det | high | |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 θάλασσαν | case | high | With accusative, along/beside the sea. |
| 10 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Object of παρά; governs the participial route phrase. |
| 11 | ἰοῦσιν | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 Ὠρωπόν | advcl | medium | Present participle, dative plural; dative of the travelers, ‘for those going’. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ὠρωπόν | case | high | |
| 13 | Ὠρωπόν | Ὠρωπός | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Goal of motion with εἰς. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | punct | high |
καὶ αἱ μὲν οἰκήσεις ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εἰσί, μικρὸν δὲ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄνω Νεμέσεώς ἐστιν ἱερόν, ἣ θεῶν μάλιστα ἀνθρώποις ὑβρισταῖς ἐστιν ἀπαραίτητος.
Two coordinated clauses: οἰκήσεις ... εἰσί and ἱερόν ἐστιν; ἣ introduces a relative clause with θεῶν ... ἀπαραίτητος, where θεῶν is a genitive of comparison or reference and ἀνθρώποις ὑβρισταῖς is a dative complement/predicate adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 οἰκήσεις | cc | high | |
| 2 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nfp | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 οἰκήσεις | det | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 4 οἰκήσεις | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν with following δέ. |
| 4 | οἰκήσεις | οἴκησις | NOUN | N-nfp | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσί | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 6 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-dfs | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 οἰκήσεις | obl | high | ἐπί with dative, locative sense. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art-dmp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνθρώποις | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-dmp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσί | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/association with εἰσί. |
| 9 | εἰσί | εἰμί | AUX | V-3pai | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσί | punct | high | |
| 11 | μικρὸν | μικρός | ADV | Adverb | _ | 15 ἄνω | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘a little’. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 18 ἱερόν | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μὲν. |
| 13 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 14 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 14 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-gfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἄνω | obl | high | |
| 15 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | Adverb | _ | 18 ἱερόν | advmod | high | Directional/adverbial modifier, ‘up inland/above’. |
| 16 | Νεμέσεώς | Νέμεσις | PROPN | N-gfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3sai | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἱερόν | cop | high | |
| 18 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | NOUN | N-nns | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 εἰσί | conj | high | Predicate noun of the second coordinated clause. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἱερόν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἣ | ὅς | PRON | Rel-nfs | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἀπαραίτητος | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Νέμεσις. |
| 21 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-gmp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπαραίτητος | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison/reference with ἀπαραίτητος. |
| 22 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | Adverb | _ | 26 ἀπαραίτητος | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-dmp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπαραίτητος | iobj | medium | Dative of reference or affected person. |
| 24 | ὑβρισταῖς | ὑβριστής | NOUN | N-dmp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἀνθρώποις | appos | high | Apposition to ἀνθρώποις: ‘insolent humans’. |
| 25 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3sai | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 26 ἀπαραίτητος | cop | high | |
| 26 | ἀπαραίτητος | ἀπαραίτητος | ADJ | A-nfs | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἱερόν | acl:relcl | high | Predicate adjective in the relative clause. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἱερόν | punct | high |
δοκεῖ δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἀποβᾶσιν ἐς Μαραθῶνα τῶν βαρβάρων ἀπαντῆσαι μήνιμα ἐκ τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης· καταφρονήσαντες γὰρ μηδέν σφισιν ἐμποδὼν εἶναι τὰς Ἀθήνας ἑλεῖν, λίθον Πάριον ὃν ὡς ἐπʼ ἐξειργασμένοις ἦγον ἐς τροπαίου ποίησιν.
The main structure is δοκεῖ + infinitive ἀπαντῆσαι; the later participial clause explains the barbarians' presumption. The phrase ὡς ἐπʼ ἐξειργασμένοις is morphologically clear in part but syntactically difficult and is marked low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δοκεῖ | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δοκεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ἀπαντῆσαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί modifying the infinitival complement. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀποβᾶσιν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀποβᾶσιν | ἀποβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπαντῆσαι | obl | high | Dative substantival participle, recipient/experiencer with δοκεῖ. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Μαραθῶνα | case | high | |
| 7 | Μαραθῶνα | Μαραθών | PROPN | N-AAM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀποβᾶσιν | obl | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 9 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀποβᾶσιν | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive specification of the men who landed. |
| 10 | ἀπαντῆσαι | ἀπαντάω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 δοκεῖ | ccomp | high | |
| 11 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπαντῆσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀπαντῆσαι. |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 θεοῦ | case | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 14 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μήνιμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μήνιμα. |
| 15 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | A-GFS | Case=Gen|Deixis=Dem|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 θεοῦ | det | high | Predicative/attributive demonstrative with θεοῦ. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δοκεῖ | punct | high | |
| 17 | καταφρονήσαντες | καταφρονέω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 33 ἦγον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject understood as the barbarians. |
| 18 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 καταφρονήσαντες | cc | high | |
| 19 | μηδέν | μηδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 21 ἐμποδὼν | obj | high | Accusative object of the implied valuation in καταφρονήσαντες. |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐμποδὼν | obl | medium | Dative of reference. |
| 21 | ἐμποδὼν | ἐμποδών | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 εἶναι | pred | high | Predicate adverb in the infinitival clause. |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 καταφρονήσαντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on καταφρονήσαντες, with τὰς Ἀθήνας as accusative subject. |
| 23 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 Ἀθήνας | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | |
| 25 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive: to capture Athens. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 καταφρονήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 27 | λίθον | λίθος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 ἦγον | obj | high | Object of ἦγον. |
| 28 | Πάριον | Πάριος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 λίθον | amod | high | Adjectival modifier, 'Parian'. |
| 29 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 33 ἦγον | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to λίθον; semantically object carried. |
| 30 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ἐξειργασμένοις | mark | medium | Introduces an elliptical/comparative circumstance with ἐξειργασμένοις. |
| 31 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 ἐξειργασμένοις | case | high | Elided preposition. |
| 32 | ἐξειργασμένοις | ἐξεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RPP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 33 ἦγον | advcl | low | Dative plural perfect passive participle; construction is textually/syntactically difficult, likely referring to completed work or an understood dedication. |
| 33 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 17 καταφρονήσαντες | conj | high | Imperfect narrative verb coordinated with the participial circumstance. |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 36 ποίησιν | case | high | |
| 35 | τροπαίου | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ποίησιν | nmod | high | Genitive of purpose/objective with ποίησιν. |
| 36 | ποίησιν | ποίησις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἦγον | obl | high | Purpose expression with ἐς. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δοκεῖ | punct | high |