Grammar parses for passage 1.33.4
Open translation for this passage
Ὠκεανῷ γὰρ οὐ ποταμῷ, θαλάσσῃ δὲ ἐσχάτῃ τῆς ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων πλεομένης προσοικοῦσιν Ἴβηρες καὶ Κελτοί, καὶ νῆσον Ὠκεανὸς ἔχει τὴν Βρεττανῶν·
The first clause has an elliptical copular/locative predicate: Ὠκεανῷ ... θαλάσσῃ ... προσοικοῦσιν means that Iberians and Celts dwell by the Ocean, not a river, but by the outermost sea; πλεομένης is a passive participle modifying θαλάσσῃ, with τῆς ... as its article and ὑπό-agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὠκεανῷ | Ὠκεανός | NOUN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative of place/association with προσοικοῦσιν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-particle | _ | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-neg | Polarity=Neg | 4 ποταμῷ | advmod | high | Negates the contrasted nominal phrase. |
| 4 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | obl | high | Contrasted dative of place/association; elliptical οὐ ποταμῷ. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 6 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative contrasted with ποταμῷ and governed semantically by προσοικοῦσιν. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-sconj | _ | 6 θαλάσσῃ | cc | high | Adversative coordinator introducing the correction. |
| 8 | ἐσχάτῃ | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-dat-fem-sg | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 θαλάσσῃ | amod | high | Agrees with θαλάσσῃ. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P-dat-fem-sg | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πλεομένης | det | medium | Article introducing the genitive absolute/attributive participial phrase; morphologically genitive feminine singular. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-gen | _ | 11 ἀνθρώπων | case | high | Preposition governing the agent in the passive participial phrase. |
| 11 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 πλεομένης | obl:agent | high | Agent of πλεομένης. |
| 12 | πλεομένης | πλέω | VERB | V-ppart-pres-midpass-gen-sg-fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 θαλάσσῃ | acl | medium | Genitive feminine singular participle agreeing with an implied/elliptical θαλάσσης; the phrase describes the sea sailed by humans. |
| 13 | προσοικοῦσιν | προσοικέω | VERB | V-pres-act-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate; subject follows. |
| 14 | Ἴβηρες | Ἴβηρ | PROPN | N-nom-mpl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 16 Κελτοί | cc | high | Coordinates Κελτοί with Ἴβηρες. |
| 16 | Κελτοί | Κελτός | PROPN | N-nom-mpl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Ἴβηρες | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 21 ἔχει | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 19 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 20 | Ὠκεανὸς | Ὠκεανός | PROPN | N-nom-ms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει. |
| 21 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-pres-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-acc-fem-sg | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 Βρεττανῶν | det | high | Article with Βρεττανῶν. |
| 23 | Βρεττανῶν | Βρεττανός | PROPN | N-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 νῆσον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on νῆσον: the island of the Britons. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 προσοικοῦσιν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ δικαιότατοι Μερόην πόλιν καὶ πεδίον Αἰθιοπικὸν καλούμενον οἰκοῦσιν· οὗτοι καὶ τὴν ἡλίου τράπεζάν εἰσιν οἱ δεικνύντες, οὐδέ σφισιν ἔστιν οὔτε θάλασσα οὔτε ποταμὸς ἄλλος γε ἢ Νεῖλος.
Two coordinated clauses: οἱ δικαιότατοι is the subject of οἰκοῦσιν; Μερόην πόλιν and πεδίον Αἰθιοπικὸν καλούμενον are coordinated objects. In the second clause, οὗτοι is subject of εἰσιν with οἱ δεικνύντες as predicate nominative; οὐδέ introduces an existential negation with coordinated subjects θάλασσα and ποταμός, and ἢ Νεῖλος specifies the sole exception.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 δικαιότατοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | δικαιότατοι | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-SNPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized superlative. |
| 4 | Μερόην | Μερόη | PROPN | NP-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | obj | medium | Proper-name accusative, coordinated with πόλιν. |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Μερόην | appos | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 7 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-AS-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 8 | Αἰθιοπικὸν | Αἰθιοπικός | ADJ | A-AS-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 πεδίον | amod | high | |
| 9 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM/PN-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 πεδίον | acl | high | Passive participle agreeing with πεδίον. |
| 10 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 δεικνύντες | advmod | medium | Likely additive adverbial καί (‘also’). |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 τράπεζάν | det | high | |
| 15 | ἡλίου | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-GS-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τράπεζάν | nmod:poss | high | |
| 16 | τράπεζάν | τράπεζα | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 δεικνύντες | obj | high | |
| 17 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | 0 ROOT | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 δεικνύντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 19 | δεικνύντες | δείκνυμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate participial complement of εἰσιν. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 21 | οὐδέ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | cc | high | Negative coordinator introducing the existential clause. |
| 22 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 23 ἔστιν | iobj | high | Dative of possession/experiencer with ἔστιν. |
| 23 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | 17 εἰσιν | conj | high | Existential ἔστιν. |
| 24 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 θάλασσα | cc | high | |
| 25 | θάλασσα | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-NF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 26 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ποταμὸς | cc | high | |
| 27 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | ἄλλος | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ποταμὸς | amod | high | |
| 29 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 30 ἢ | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle reinforcing the exception. |
| 30 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ποταμὸς | cc | medium | Exceptive/comparative ἤ introducing Νεῖλος. |
| 31 | Νεῖλος | Νεῖλος | PROPN | NP-NM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ποταμὸς | conj | high | Exception to the negated coordination. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἔστιν | punct | high |