Grammar parses for passage 1.33.5
Open translation for this passage
εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι πρόσοικοι Μαύροις Αἰθίοπες ἄχρι Νασαμώνων παρήκοντες.
Existential εἰσί governs the nominative phrase ἄλλοι πρόσοικοι Αἰθίοπες; Μαύροις is a dative of proximity, and παρήκοντες agrees with Αἰθίοπες. ἄχρι introduces the genitive Νασαμώνων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἄλλοι | advmod | high | Adds the phrase ('also'). |
| 4 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Nominal adjective, subject of εἰσί. |
| 5 | πρόσοικοι | πρόσοικος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἄλλοι | amod | medium | Agrees with ἄλλοι; adjectival predicate/attribute. |
| 6 | Μαύροις | Μαῦρος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πρόσοικοι | obl | medium | Dative of proximity/association with πρόσοικοι. |
| 7 | Αἰθίοπες | Αἰθίοψ | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἄλλοι | appos | high | Apposition identifying ἄλλοι. |
| 8 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Νασαμώνων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 9 | Νασαμώνων | Νασαμών | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 παρήκοντες | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἄχρι. |
| 10 | παρήκοντες | παρήκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Αἰθίοπες | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Αἰθίοπες; extends geographically to Νασαμώνων. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Νασαμῶνες γάρ, οὓς Ἄτλαντας Ἡρόδοτος, οἱ δὲ μέτρα φάμενοι γῆς εἰδέναι Λιξίτας καλοῦσι, Λιβύων οἱ ἔσχατοι πρὸς Ἄτλαντι οἰκοῦσι σπείροντες μὲν οὐδέν, ἀπὸ δὲ ἀμπέλων ζῶντες ἀγρίων.
The relative clause has an ellipted/complex predicate: Herodotus calls them Atlantes, while those claiming to know the measures of the earth call them Lixitae; οἱ ἔσχατοι is the subject of οἰκοῦσι, with participial adjuncts.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Νασαμῶνες | Νασαμῶνες | PROPN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 οἰκοῦσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G----- | _ | 1 Νασαμῶνες | discourse | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 4 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | P---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καλοῦσι | obj | high | |
| 5 | Ἄτλαντας | Ἄτλας | PROPN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καλοῦσι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with καλοῦσι; also belongs to the coordinated naming construction. |
| 6 | Ἡρόδοτος | Ἡρόδοτος | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 καλοῦσι | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 15 καλοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 φάμενοι | det | medium | Substantival article, probably referring to writers/people who claim this knowledge. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 15 καλοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 10 | μέτρα | μέτρον | NOUN | N---APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 εἰδέναι | obj | high | |
| 11 | φάμενοι | φημί | VERB | V--PMPNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 οἱ | acl | medium | Predicative/substantival participle modifying substantival οἱ. |
| 12 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 μέτρα | nmod | high | |
| 13 | εἰδέναι | οἶδα | VERB | V--XAN-- | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 φάμενοι | xcomp | high | Perfect in form with present meaning. |
| 14 | Λιξίτας | Λιξίτης | PROPN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καλοῦσι | xcomp | medium | Second predicative accusative with καλοῦσι. |
| 15 | καλοῦσι | καλέω | VERB | V-PIA3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 οἰκοῦσι | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 17 | Λιβύων | Λίβυς | PROPN | N---GP-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 19 ἔσχατοι | nmod | high | Genitive of the Libyans. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἔσχατοι | det | high | |
| 19 | ἔσχατοι | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 οἰκοῦσι | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the furthest ones'. |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R----- | _ | 21 Ἄτλαντι | case | high | |
| 21 | Ἄτλαντι | Ἄτλας | PROPN | N---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 οἰκοῦσι | obl | medium | Dative after πρός in the locative sense 'toward/by Atlas'; form/gender of the name are irregular. |
| 22 | οἰκοῦσι | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PIA3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | σπείροντες | σπείρω | VERB | V-PPANPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 οἰκοῦσι | advcl | high | |
| 24 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 23 σπείροντες | advmod | high | |
| 25 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | P---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 σπείροντες | obj | high | Substantival neuter, 'nothing'. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 27 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R----- | _ | 29 ἀμπέλων | case | high | |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 30 ζῶντες | cc | high | Correlative with μὲν. |
| 29 | ἀμπέλων | ἄμπελος | NOUN | N---GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 ζῶντες | obl | high | |
| 30 | ζῶντες | ζάω | VERB | V-P PANPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 οἰκοῦσι | advcl | high | Participial adjunct coordinated with σπείροντες. |
| 31 | ἀγρίων | ἄγριος | ADJ | A---GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 ἀμπέλων | amod | high | |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσι | punct | high |
ποταμὸς δὲ οὐδὲ τούτοις τοῖς Αἰθίοψιν οὐδὲ τοῖς Νασαμῶσίν ἐστιν οὐδείς· τὸ γὰρ πρὸς τῷ Ἄτλαντι ὕδωρ, τρισί παρεχόμενον ἀρχὰς ῥεύμασιν, οὐδὲν τῶν ῥευμάτων ποιεῖ ποταμόν, ἀλλὰ πᾶν ὁμοίως αὐτίκα ἔχει συλλαβοῦσα ἡ ψάμμος.
The first clause has existential εἰμί with οὐδείς as predicative subject; in the second clause τὸ ... ὕδωρ is subject of ποιεῖ, with συλλαβοῦσα agreeing with ψάμμος and functioning as a circumstantial participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | P---dat-p-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Αἰθίοψιν | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Αἰθίοψιν. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L---dat-p-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Αἰθίοψιν | det | high | |
| 6 | Αἰθίοψιν | Αἰθίοψ | PROPN | Ne-dap | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative of respect/association. |
| 7 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L---dat-p-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Νασαμῶσίν | det | high | |
| 9 | Νασαμῶσίν | Νασαμῶσις | PROPN | Ne-dap | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Ethnonym; lemma normalized uncertainly. |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | οὐδείς | οὐδείς | PRON | P--Nomms-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicative/existential subject. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L---nomns-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 14 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ποιεῖ | cc | high | |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ἄτλαντι | case | high | |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L---datns-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 Ἄτλαντι | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἄτλαντι | Ἄτλας | PROPN | Ne-dn-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ὕδωρ | obl | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 18 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ποιεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ὕδωρ | punct | high | |
| 20 | τρισί | τρεῖς | NUM | M-------- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 22 ἀρχὰς | nummod | medium | Dative numeral modifying ἀρχάς. |
| 21 | παρεχόμενον | παρέχω | VERB | V-sppann- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ὕδωρ | acl | high | |
| 22 | ἀρχὰς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 παρεχόμενον | obj | high | |
| 23 | ῥεύμασιν | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 παρεχόμενον | obl | high | Dative complement/instrument of παρεχόμενον. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ὕδωρ | punct | high | |
| 25 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P--Accns-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ποιεῖ | obj | high | |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ῥευμάτων | det | high | |
| 27 | ῥευμάτων | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 οὐδὲν | nmod | high | |
| 28 | ποιεῖ | ποιέω | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστιν | parataxis | high | Second clause coordinated/explicative to the existential clause. |
| 29 | ποταμόν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ποιεῖ | obj | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ποιεῖ | punct | high | |
| 31 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 35 ἔχει | cc | high | |
| 32 | πᾶν | πᾶς | PRON | P--Accns-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἔχει | obj | high | Substantival accusative, coordinated with οὐδέν. |
| 33 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 35 ἔχει | advmod | high | |
| 34 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 35 ἔχει | advmod | high | |
| 35 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ποιεῖ | conj | high | Contrasted predicate after ἀλλά. |
| 36 | συλλαβοῦσα | συλλαμβάνω | VERB | V-sapafn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 ψάμμος | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle; semantic attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 37 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L---nomfs-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ψάμμος | det | high | |
| 38 | ψάμμος | ψάμμος | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἔχει | nsubj | high | |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἔχει | punct | high |