Grammar parses for passage 1.33.6
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Ἄτλαντος θολερόν τέ ἐστι καὶ πρὸς τῇ πηγῇ κροκόδειλοι δι πήχεων ἦσαν οὐκ ἐλάσσους, προσιόντων δὲ τῶν ἀνθρώπων κατεδύοντο ἐς τὴν πηγήν.
The sentence coordinates a description of the water with a clause about crocodiles; δι πήχεων is taken as a measure phrase modifying οὐκ ἐλάσσους, while προσιόντων τῶν ἀνθρώπων is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-dns | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ὕδωρ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-das | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 θολερόν | det | high | Article introducing the attributive participial phrase. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἄτλαντος | case | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-dmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἄτλαντος | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἄτλαντος | Ἄτλας | PROPN | N--GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θολερόν | obl | high | |
| 8 | θολερόν | θολερός | ADJ | A--NNS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 9 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 θολερόν | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἦσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 πηγῇ | case | high | |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-dfs | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πηγῇ | det | high | |
| 14 | πηγῇ | πηγή | NOUN | N--DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἦσαν | obl | medium | πρός with dative denotes location/proximity. |
| 15 | κροκόδειλοι | κροκόδειλος | NOUN | N---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | δι | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 πήχεων | case | high | Elided form before a vowel; phrase is a measure expression. |
| 17 | πήχεων | πῆχυς | NOUN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐλάσσους | obl | medium | Measure phrase: ‘by cubits’. |
| 18 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστι | conj | high | |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 20 ἐλάσσους | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἐλάσσους | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A---APM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Accusative comparative used predicatively with omitted measure/object complement. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 22 | προσιόντων | πρόσειμι | VERB | V--PGA--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 26 κατεδύοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; subject follows. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 προσιόντων | cc | high | |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-dmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | |
| 25 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 προσιόντων | nsubj | high | |
| 26 | κατεδύοντο | καταδύομαι | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 10 ἐστι | conj | high | |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 πηγήν | case | high | |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-dfa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 πηγήν | det | high | |
| 29 | πηγήν | πηγή | NOUN | N--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 κατεδύοντο | obl | high | |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 κατεδύοντο | punct | high |
παρίστατο δὲ οὐκ ὀλίγοις τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦτο ἀναφαινόμενον αὖθις ἐκ τῆς ψάμμου ποιεῖν τὸν Νεῖλον Αἰγυπτίοις.
The sentence has παρίστατο with a dative experiencer and a complementary infinitive ποιεῖν; the accusative ὕδωρ is the infinitival subject, while Αἰγυπτίοις is a dative of interest/recipient.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V- Impf Ind Act 3 Sg | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect active, with impersonal/experiencer construction: ‘it appeared to...’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρίστατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 ὀλίγοις | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ὀλίγοις | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-Dat Pl | Case=Dative|Degree=Positive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 παρίστατο | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer/recipient with παρίστατο. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Acc Sg N | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 6 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-Acc Sg N | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 13 ποιεῖν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive ποιεῖν. |
| 7 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-Acc Sg N | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 6 ὕδωρ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 8 | ἀναφαινόμενον | ἀναφαίνω | VERB | V- Pres Act Ptcp Acc Sg N | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 6 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Participial modifier of τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦτο. |
| 9 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἀναφαινόμενον | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ψάμμου | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-Gen Sg F | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 ψάμμου | det | high | |
| 12 | ψάμμου | ψάμμος | NOUN | N-Gen Sg F | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ἀναφαινόμενον | obl | high | Source complement of ἀναφαινόμενον. |
| 13 | ποιεῖν | ποιέω | VERB | V- Pres Inf Act | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 παρίστατο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after παρίστατο. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-Acc Sg M | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 Νεῖλον | det | high | |
| 15 | Νεῖλον | Νεῖλος | PROPN | N-Acc Sg M | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|NameType=Geo|Number=Singular | 13 ποιεῖν | obj | high | Predicate object of ποιεῖν: make the Nile. |
| 16 | Αἰγυπτίοις | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A-Dat Pl M | Case=Dative|Degree=Positive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ποιεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of interest/recipient with ποιεῖν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρίστατο | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἄτλας ὄρος ὑψηλὸν μέν ἐστιν οὕτως ὥστε καὶ λέγεται ταῖς κορυφαῖς ψαύειν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἄβατον δὲ ὑπὸ ὕδατος καὶ δένδρων ἃ διὰ παντὸς πέφυκε·
The sentence has coordinated predicate adjectives (ὑψηλόν ... ἄβατον); ὥστε introduces a consecutive infinitival construction. The relative clause has neuter-plural ἃ but singular πέφυκε, an apparent agreement irregularity or variant reading.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἄτλας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἄτλας | Ἄτλας | PROPN | S---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | S---NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 Ἄτλας | appos | high | Apposition identifying Atlas. |
| 5 | ὑψηλὸν | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A---NAS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὄρος | amod | high | Predicate adjective with neuter ὄρος. |
| 6 | μέν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 ὑψηλὸν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ὥστε | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 λέγεται | mark | high | Consecutive clause marker. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 11 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Middle/passive form; construed impersonally or with understood subject. |
| 12 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | S---DNP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 κορυφαῖς | det | high | |
| 13 | κορυφαῖς | κορυφή | NOUN | S---DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ψαύειν | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative with ψαύειν. |
| 14 | ψαύειν | ψαύω | VERB | V-PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 λέγεται | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the consecutive construction. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 οὐρανοῦ | det | high | |
| 16 | οὐρανοῦ | οὐρανός | NOUN | S---GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ψαύειν | obj | high | Genitive object of ψαύειν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἄβατον | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἄβατον | ἄβατος | ADJ | A---NAS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second predicate adjective coordinated by δέ. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἄβατον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 20 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ὕδατος | case | high | |
| 21 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | S---GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἄβατον | obl | high | Genitive after ὑπό; source/agency or means. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 δένδρων | cc | high | |
| 23 | δένδρων | δένδρον | NOUN | S---GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἄβατον | obl | high | Coordinated genitive complement under ὑπό. |
| 24 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P---NNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 πέφυκε | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to water and trees collectively, neuter plural. |
| 25 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 παντὸς | case | high | |
| 26 | παντὸς | πᾶς | ADJ | A---GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 πέφυκε | obl | high | Adverbial duration phrase διά παντός. |
| 27 | πέφυκε | φύω | VERB | V-RIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 18 ἄβατον | acl:relcl | medium | Perfect form is singular despite neuter-plural relative subject; agreement or textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τὰ μὲν δὴ πρὸς τοὺς Νασαμῶνας αὐτοῦ γινώσκεται, τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸ πέλαγος οὐδένα πω παραπλεύσαντα ἴσμεν.
Two coordinated topical clauses: τὰ ... γινώσκεται is impersonal/passive ‘is known’; τὰ ... ἴσμεν has παραπλεύσαντα as an accusative substantival participle, object of ἴσμεν. The antecedent/context of αὐτοῦ is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-Na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 γινώσκεται | nsubj | high | Neuter plural topical subject. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 τὰ | discourse | high | First member of μέν ... δέ coordination. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 8 γινώσκεται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | _ | 6 Νασαμῶνας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-Pa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Νασαμῶνας | det | high | |
| 6 | Νασαμῶνας | Νασαμῶνες | PROPN | Np-Pa | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 γινώσκεται | obl | high | Ethnic name in the accusative after πρός. |
| 7 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3ms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 8 γινώσκεται | obl | low | Genitive dependent is syntactically ambiguous; likely locative/relational ‘of him/there’ in context. |
| 8 | γινώσκεται | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V3SPI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal/passive predicate; singular despite neuter plural subject is possible in Greek. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 γινώσκεται | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-Na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἴσμεν | nsubj | medium | Second topical member; understood as the matters/parts extending toward the sea. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 τὰ | cc | high | Second member of μέν ... δέ coordination. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 14 πέλαγος | case | high | Variant form of εἰς, governing accusative. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Sna- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πέλαγος | det | high | |
| 14 | πέλαγος | πέλαγος | NOUN | N-Sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 παραπλεύσαντα | obl | high | Goal/direction complement of παραπλεύσαντα. |
| 15 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | Px-Sma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παραπλεύσαντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the participle, substantival ‘no one’. |
| 16 | πω | πω | ADV | Df | _ | 18 ἴσμεν | advmod | high | ‘Yet/ever so far’; modifies the knowing assertion. |
| 17 | παραπλεύσαντα | παραπλέω | VERB | VAapa-sm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἴσμεν | ccomp | medium | Accusative substantival participle, ‘having sailed past/along’; its subject is οὐδένα. |
| 18 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V1PPAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 γινώσκεται | conj | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning, coordinated with γινώσκεται. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἴσμεν | punct | high |