Grammar parses for passage 1.35.7
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δʼ ἐμοὶ θαῦμα παρασχόν, Λυδίας τῆς ἄνω πόλις ἐστὶν οὐ μεγάλη Τημένου θύραι·
The participial phrase τὸ ... παρασχόν is a neuter accusative substantivized construction, probably referring to an omitted circumstance or thing that caused wonder; θύραι is the predicate nominative with πόλις, while Τημένου is a genitive modifier. The appositional/geographical phrase Λυδίας τῆς ἄνω modifies πόλις; agreement of μεγάλη with πόλις is clear.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 παρασχόν | det | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 παρασχόν | cc | high | Elided form δʼ. |
| 3 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 4 θαῦμα | iobj | high | |
| 4 | θαῦμα | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 παρασχόν | obj | high | Object of παρασχόν. |
| 5 | παρασχόν | παρέχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 θύραι | acl | medium | Substantivized neuter accusative participle; its understood antecedent is elliptical. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 παρασχόν | punct | high | |
| 7 | Λυδίας | Λυδία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πόλις | nmod | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Λυδίας | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 Λυδίας | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier within the name phrase, ‘Upper Lydia’. |
| 10 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 θύραι | appos | medium | Appositional subject/name phrase before the copula. |
| 11 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 13 μεγάλη | advmod | high | |
| 13 | μεγάλη | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 θύραι | amod | high | Predicative adjective coordinated semantically with the nominal predicate. |
| 14 | Τημένου | Τήμενος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 θύραι | nmod | high | |
| 15 | θύραι | θύρα | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Predicate nominative/name of the city; plural form despite singular πόλις. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα παραραγέντος λόφου διὰ χειμῶνα ὀστᾶ ἐφάνη τὸ σχῆμα παρέχοντα ἐς πίστιν ὡς ἔστιν ἀνθρώπου, ἐπεὶ διὰ μέγεθος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἂν ἔδοξεν.
The genitive absolute παραραγέντος λόφου sets the circumstance; ὀστᾶ is the subject of ἐφάνη, with σχῆμα παρέχοντα agreeing with the neuter plural subject in form. The final ὅπως ἂν ἔδοξεν is an elliptical potential comparison/result clause, with μέγεθος as the accusative of respect after διὰ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 7 ἐφάνη | advmod | high | |
| 2 | παραραγέντος | παραρρήγνυμι | VERB | V-2AAP-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 3 λόφου | acl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; parsed as neuter singular agreeing with λόφου. |
| 3 | λόφου | λόφος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 ἐφάνη | obl | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 4 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R- | _ | 5 χειμῶνα | case | high | |
| 5 | χειμῶνα | χειμών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 2 παραραγέντος | obl | medium | Cause or circumstance of the hill's rupture. |
| 6 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστέον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 7 ἐφάνη | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject; form is identical to accusative plural. |
| 7 | ἐφάνη | φαίνω | VERB | V-2API-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal-looking singular verb with neuter plural subject, a normal Greek construction. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 9 σχῆμα | det | high | |
| 9 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 10 παρέχοντα | obj | high | Object of παρέχοντα, within the participial phrase. |
| 10 | παρέχοντα | παρέχω | VERB | V-PAP-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 6 ὀστᾶ | acl | high | Agrees with ὀστᾶ; σχῆμα is its object. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 12 πίστιν | case | high | |
| 12 | πίστιν | πίστις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 παρέχοντα | obl | high | Purpose or result: providing a basis for belief. |
| 13 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C- | _ | 14 ἔστιν | mark | high | Introduces content clause dependent on πίστιν. |
| 14 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 12 πίστιν | ccomp | medium | Content of the belief; subject is ἀνθρώπου in a genitive predicate construction. |
| 15 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Possibly genitive of belonging or predicate genitive: 'is a human's/of a human'. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C- | _ | 21 ἔστιν | mark | high | Introduces explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 18 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R- | _ | 19 μέγεθος | case | high | |
| 19 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 21 ἔστιν | obl | medium | Accusative after διά, likely 'because of/in view of its size'; antecedent is the bones. |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 21 ἔστιν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 14 ἔστιν | advcl | high | Explanatory clause; its subject and complement are elliptical. |
| 22 | ὅπως | ὅπως | ADV | D- | PronType=Rel | 24 ἔδοξεν | advmod | medium | Introduces an elliptical comparison or potential construction. |
| 23 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G- | _ | 24 ἔδοξεν | aux | high | Potential particle with the optative. |
| 24 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 21 ἔστιν | ccomp | low | Form is morphologically aorist indicative; with ἂν an elliptical or anomalous potential expression is likely. Confidence reduced. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐφάνη | punct | high |
αὐτίκα δὲ λόγος ἦλθεν ἐς τοὺς πολλοὺς Γηρυόνου τοῦ Χρυσάορος εἶναι μὲν τὸν νεκρόν, εἶναι δὲ καὶ τὸν θρόνον·
λόγος ἦλθεν introduces coordinated accusative-and-infinitive clauses: τὸν νεκρόν εἶναι and τὸν θρόνον εἶναι; Γηρυόνου τοῦ Χρυσάορος is a genitive identification/apposition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 4 ἦλθεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἦλθεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 πολλοὺς | case | high | |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πολλοὺς | det | high | |
| 7 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἦλθεν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the many'. |
| 8 | Γηρυόνου | Γηρυών | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Χρυσάορος | nmod | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Χρυσάορος | det | high | |
| 10 | Χρυσάορος | Χρυσάωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 νεκρόν | nmod | medium | Patronymic/genitive apposition to Γηρυόνου. |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἦλθεν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of λόγος ἦλθεν. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PARTICLE | _ | 11 εἶναι | discourse | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 νεκρόν | det | high | |
| 14 | νεκρόν | νεκρός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 16 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἦλθεν | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 εἶναι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 θρόνον | cc | high | Coordinates the second accusative predicate. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 θρόνον | det | high | |
| 20 | θρόνον | θρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of second infinitive; καὶ coordinates it with τὸν νεκρόν. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦλθεν | punct | high |
καὶ γὰρ θρόνος ἀνδρός ἐστιν ἐνειργασμένος ὄρους λιθώδει προβολῇ·
The sentence is copular: θρόνος is the subject of ἐστιν, with ἐνειργασμένος as a predicative participle; προβολῇ is a dative dependent on the participle, while ὄρους is a genitive dependent on προβολή.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 θρόνος | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 3 θρόνος | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | θρόνος | θρόνος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἀνδρός | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 θρόνος | nmod | high | Possessive/genitive dependent on θρόνος. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐνειργασμένος | ἐνεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 θρόνος | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle, agreeing with θρόνος; spelling ἐνειργασμένος reflects the transmitted form. |
| 7 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 προβολῇ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on προβολή: projection/spur of a mountain. |
| 8 | λιθώδει | λιθώδης | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 προβολῇ | amod | high | Agrees with προβολῇ. |
| 9 | προβολῇ | προβολή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐνειργασμένος | obl | medium | Dative of means or location with ἐνειργασμένος: worked/carved into a rocky projection. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ χείμαρρόν τε ποταμὸν Ὠκεανὸν ἐκάλουν καὶ βοῶν ἤδη κέρασιν ἔφασάν τινας ἐντυχεῖν ἀροῦντας, διότι ἔχει λόγος βοῦς ἀρίστας θρέψαι τὸν Γηρυόνην.
The sentence coordinates ἐκάλουν with ἔφασαν; ἔφασαν takes an accusative-and-infinitive construction (τινας ἐντυχεῖν), with ἀροῦντας agreeing with τινας. The final διότι clause is an explanatory content clause; βοῦς is the object of θρέψαι and Γηρυόνην its accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐκάλουν | cc | high | |
| 2 | χείμαρρόν | χείμαρρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμὸν | amod | high | Adjectival noun modifying ποταμόν. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ποταμὸν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκάλουν | obj | high | |
| 5 | Ὠκεανὸν | Ὠκεανός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμὸν | appos | high | Apposition/name for ποταμόν. |
| 6 | ἐκάλουν | καλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἔφασάν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb. |
| 8 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κέρασιν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on κέρασιν, likely ‘with horns of cattle’; form may also be read with dialectal variation. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 11 ἔφασάν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | κέρασιν | κέρας | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐντυχεῖν | obl | medium | Dative of instrument with ἐντυχεῖν/ἀροῦντας; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | ἔφασάν | φημί | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐκάλουν | conj | high | |
| 12 | τινας | τις | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐντυχεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 13 | ἐντυχεῖν | ἐντυγχάνω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἔφασάν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔφασαν. |
| 14 | ἀροῦντας | ἀρόω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐντυχεῖν | advcl | high | Participial circumstance, agreeing with τινας. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 13 ἐντυχεῖν | punct | high | |
| 16 | διότι | διότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἔχει | mark | high | |
| 17 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἔφασάν | advcl | high | Explanatory clause introduced by διότι. |
| 18 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Impersonal ‘there is a report/story’ construction. |
| 19 | βοῦς | βοῦς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 θρέψαι | obj | high | Object of θρέψαι. |
| 20 | ἀρίστας | ἄριστος | ADJ | A-APF-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 βοῦς | amod | high | |
| 21 | θρέψαι | τρέφω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἔχει | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on λόγος ἔχει (‘there is a report that…’). |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Γηρυόνην | det | high | |
| 23 | Γηρυόνην | Γηρυόνης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 θρέψαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of θρέψαι. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 6 ἐκάλουν | punct | high |