Grammar parses for passage 1.38.1
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ Ῥειτοὶ καλούμενοι ῥεῦμα μόνον παρέχονται ποταμῶν, ἐπεὶ τό γε ὕδωρ θάλασσά ἐστί σφισι·
The main clause has ῥεῦμα μόνον as the object of παρέχονται, with ποταμῶν as a dependent genitive. In the explanatory copular clause, ὕδωρ and θάλασσα form an identification; the accusative form ὕδωρ is retained in the annotation despite the non-canonical-looking case alignment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-masc-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ῥειτοὶ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 7 παρέχονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ῥειτοὶ | Ῥειτοί | PROPN | noun-nom-masc-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 παρέχονται | nsubj | high | Toponym used substantivally. |
| 4 | καλούμενοι | καλέω | VERB | part-pres-midpass-nom-masc-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 3 Ῥειτοὶ | acl | high | Attributive participle, ‘called’; voice may be analyzed as passive. |
| 5 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | noun-acc-neut-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 παρέχονται | obj | medium | Accusative object of παρέχονται: ‘provide a stream’; lexical construction is somewhat idiomatic. |
| 6 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | adj-acc-neut-sg | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ῥεῦμα | amod | high | Agrees with ῥεῦμα. |
| 7 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | verb-pres-mid-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 8 | ποταμῶν | ποταμός | NOUN | noun-gen-masc-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ῥεῦμα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ῥεῦμα, likely partitive or descriptive: ‘of rivers’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 παρέχονται | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | subordinator | _ | 15 ἐστί | mark | high | Introduces explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 11 | τό | ὁ | DET | article-acc-neut-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying ὕδωρ. |
| 12 | γε | γε | PART | particle | _ | 13 ὕδωρ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | noun-acc-neut-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστί | nsubj | medium | Accusative form is expected with εἰμί in a predicative identification; syntactic subject analysis follows the clause’s word order. |
| 14 | θάλασσά | θάλασσα | NOUN | noun-nom-fem-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστί | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun with εἰμί; agreement is not morphologically aligned with ὕδωρ. |
| 15 | ἐστί | εἰμί | AUX | verb-pres-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 παρέχονται | advcl | high | Copular predicate of the ἐπεί clause. |
| 16 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | pron-dat-3pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 ἐστί | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference: ‘for them’. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 παρέχονται | punct | high |
πείθοιτο δὲ ἄν τις καὶ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ Χαλκιδέων Εὐρίπου ῥέουσιν ὑπὸ τῆς γῆς ἐς θάλασσαν κοιλοτέραν ἐμπίπτοντες.
The sentence has a potential optative main clause; ὡς introduces the content/explanatory clause, while ἐμπίπτοντες is a coordinated circumstantial participle with the understood plural subject of ῥέουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πείθοιτο | πείθω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative: ‘one might be persuaded/convinced’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 πείθοιτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 1 πείθοιτο | advmod | high | Modal particle with the optative. |
| 4 | τις | τις | PRON | PX-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 1 πείθοιτο | nsubj | high | Indefinite nominative subject. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ὡς | cc | high | Coordinates the following explanatory clause. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 πείθοιτο | mark | medium | Introduces an explanatory/content clause, with ῥέουσιν as its predicate. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Εὐρίπου | case | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Εὐρίπου | det | high | |
| 9 | Χαλκιδέων | Χαλκιδεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 10 Εὐρίπου | nmod | medium | Genitive plural name in the phrase ‘of the Chalcidian Euripus’; exact appositional structure is compressed. |
| 10 | Εὐρίπου | Εὔριπος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 11 ῥέουσιν | obl | high | Object of ἀπό: ‘from the Euripus of Chalcis/the Chalcideans’. |
| 11 | ῥέουσιν | ῥέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ὡς | ccomp | medium | Finite predicate of the clause introduced by ὡς; understood subject is plural waters/streams. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 γῆς | case | high | With genitive, expressing movement/source under the earth. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 γῆς | det | high | |
| 14 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ῥέουσιν | obl | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 θάλασσαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 16 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ῥέουσιν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 17 | κοιλοτέραν | κοῖλος | ADJ | A-AFA | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 θάλασσαν | amod | medium | Comparative adjective modifying θάλασσαν; ‘a deeper/hollower sea’. |
| 18 | ἐμπίπτοντες | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | V-PPA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ῥέουσιν | advcl | high | Nominative circumstantial participle agreeing with the understood subject of ῥέουσιν. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πείθοιτο | punct | high |
λέγονται δὲ οἱ Ῥειτοὶ Κόρης ἱεροὶ καὶ Δήμητρος εἶναι, καὶ τοὺς ἰχθῦς ἐξ αὐτῶν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἔστιν αἱρεῖν μόνοις.
The sentence contains two coordinated reported constructions: the Reitoi are said to be sacred to Kore and Demeter, and only the priests are permitted to take fish from them. The exact attachment of ἐξ αὐτῶν is semantically source-related and represented as modifying the fish.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγονται | λέγω | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive reporting verb introducing an accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ῥειτοὶ | det | high | |
| 4 | Ῥειτοὶ | Ῥειτοί | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 λέγονται | nsubj:pass | high | Proper name, nominative plural, subject of λέγονται. |
| 5 | Κόρης | Κόρη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἱεροὶ | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἱεροὶ | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective coordinated with εἶναι; subject is οἱ Ῥειτοί. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἱεροὶ | cc | high | |
| 8 | Δήμητρος | Δήμητρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 εἶναι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱεροί/εἶναι: sacred to Demeter. |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγονται | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech; subject is οἱ Ῥειτοί. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγονται | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἔστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἰχθῦς | det | high | |
| 13 | ἰχθῦς | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 αἱρεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object of αἱρεῖν. |
| 14 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 15 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 ἰχθῦς | nmod | high | Genitive of source: from them/their waters. |
| 16 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἱερεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 17 | ἱερεῦσιν | ἱερεύς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 αἱρεῖν | obl:agent | high | Dative agent with infinitive: the priests are permitted to take them. |
| 18 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγονται | conj | high | Existential/impersonal εἰμί governing the complementary infinitive αἱρεῖν. |
| 19 | αἱρεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; ἔστιν αἱρεῖν means it is permitted to take. |
| 20 | μόνοις | μόνος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἱερεῦσιν | amod | high | Dative adjective agreeing with ἱερεῦσιν: alone/exclusively. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγονται | punct | high |
οὗτοι τὸ ἀρχαῖον, ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι, πρὸς Ἀθηναίους τοὺς ἄλλους ὅροι τῆς γῆς Ἐλευσινίοις ἦσαν, καὶ διαβᾶσι τοὺς Ῥειτοὺς πρῶτος ᾤκει
οὗτοι is the demonstrative subject of ἦσαν, with ὅροι as predicate nominative; Ἐλευσινίοις is a dative of possession/association, and διαβᾶσι is a datival circumstantial participle referring to the understood Eleusinians, with πρῶτος agreeing with the singular subject of ᾤκει (likely an implicit individual, or an elliptical reference).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD_NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 17 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA_NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Substantivized temporal accusative phrase. |
| 3 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A_NSN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἦσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘formerly’. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀρχαῖον | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 7 πυνθάνομαι | mark | high | Introduces parenthetical epistemic clause. |
| 6 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | RP_1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 πυνθάνομαι | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | πυνθάνομαι | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V至少? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 17 ἦσαν | advcl | medium | Parenthetical ‘as I learn/hear’; xpos uncertain. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πυνθάνομαι | punct | high | |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 10 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N_APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ὅροι | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς in the phrase ‘toward/against the other Athenians’. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA_APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἄλλους | det | high | |
| 12 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A_APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀθηναίους | amod | high | Agrees with Ἀθηναίους. |
| 13 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N_NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative with ἦσαν; relation labeled xcomp because of copular ambiguity. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA_GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 γῆς | det | high | |
| 15 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N_GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὅροι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅροι: boundaries of the land. |
| 16 | Ἐλευσινίοις | Ἐλευσίνιος | PROPN | N_DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ὅροι | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/association: boundaries belonging to or concerning the Eleusinians. |
| 17 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 24 ᾤκει | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate/clause. |
| 20 | διαβᾶσι | διαβαίνω | VERB | V_APDPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ᾤκει | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle; subject is understood from context. |
| 21 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA_APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Ῥειτοὺς | det | high | |
| 22 | Ῥειτοὺς | Ῥειτοί | PROPN | N_APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 διαβᾶσι | obj | high | Object of διαβᾶσι. |
| 23 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A_NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ᾤκει | advmod | low | Adverbial ‘first’; its singular masculine agreement suggests an implicit individual subject for ᾤκει. |
| 24 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | V3SIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 17 ἦσαν | conj | high | Coordinated with the preceding clause; singular subject is implicit. |