Grammar parses for passage 1.38.9
Open translation for this passage
ἀπωτέρω δὲ ὀλίγον σπήλαιόν ἐστιν οὐ μέγα, καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸ ὕδατος πηγὴ ψυχροῦ·
The second coordinated phrase is an existential nominal clause; παρʼ αὐτό is an adjunct meaning ‘beside it’, while πηγὴ ὕδατος ψυχροῦ is the nominal subject/predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | ADV.COMP | Degree=Cmp | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, spatially ‘farther off’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Accusative neuter singular used adverbially, ‘a little’. |
| 4 | σπήλαιόν | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of ἐστιν. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 μέγα | advmod | high | Negates μέγα. |
| 7 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 σπήλαιόν | amod | high | Neuter nominative singular adjective modifying σπήλαιον. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the following nominal clause/predicate. |
| 10 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 πηγὴ | case | high | Elided παρά with accusative αὐτό. |
| 11 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 πηγὴ | obl | high | Accusative object of παρά, referring to the cave. |
| 12 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πηγὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πηγή, ‘spring of water’. |
| 13 | πηγὴ | πηγή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Coordinated nominal predicate/subject under the existential ἐστιν. |
| 14 | ψυχροῦ | ψυχρός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὕδατος | amod | high | Genitive neuter adjective agreeing with ὕδατος. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ ἐς μὲν τὸ σπήλαιον ὡς Ἀντιόπη τεκοῦσα κατάθοιτο ἐς αὐτὸ τοὺς παῖδας, περὶ δὲ τῆς πηγῆς τὸν ποιμένα εὑρόντα τοὺς παῖδας ἐνταῦθα σφᾶς λοῦσαι πρῶτον ἀπολύσαντα τῶν σπαργάνων.
The sentence coordinates two reported accounts under λέγεται: an ὡς-clause with κατάθοιτο and a second infinitival report λοῦσαι; κατάθοιτο has a formally ambiguous ending, here treated as a reported optative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 σπήλαιον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 3 ἐς | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 σπήλαιον | det | high | |
| 6 | σπήλαιον | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 κατάθοιτο | obl | medium | First member of μέν...δέ framing; governed semantically by κατάθοιτο. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | mark | medium | Introduces the reported content. |
| 8 | Ἀντιόπη | Ἀντιόπη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατάθοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | τεκοῦσα | τίκτω | VERB | V-AAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 κατάθοιτο | advcl | high | |
| 10 | κατάθοιτο | κατατίθημι | VERB | V-2AOM-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 ὡς | ccomp | medium | Aorist middle optative/subjunctive-form ambiguity; context favors reported optative. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 αὐτὸ | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 12 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 κατάθοιτο | obl | high | Refers to the cave. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 14 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 κατάθοιτο | obj | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατάθοιτο | punct | high | |
| 16 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 πηγῆς | case | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 εὑρόντα | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ framing. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πηγῆς | det | high | |
| 19 | πηγῆς | πηγή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 εὑρόντα | obl | high | |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ποιμένα | det | high | |
| 21 | ποιμένα | ποιμήν | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 εὑρόντα | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive λοῦσαι. |
| 22 | εὑρόντα | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 λοῦσαι | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, with ποιμένα as its understood subject. |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 24 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 εὑρόντα | obj | high | |
| 25 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 λοῦσαι | advmod | high | |
| 26 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 27 λοῦσαι | obj | high | Reflexive/pronominal plural referring to the children. |
| 27 | λοῦσαι | λούω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | medium | Complement of λέγεται in the second coordinated report. |
| 28 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 λοῦσαι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative. |
| 29 | ἀπολύσαντα | ἀπολύω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 λοῦσαι | advcl | high | Participial modifier of the understood subject ποιμένα. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 σπαργάνων | det | high | |
| 31 | σπαργάνων | σπάργανον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἀπολύσαντα | obj | high | Genitive object with ἀπολύω. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
Ἐλευθερῶν δὲ ἦν μὲν ἔτι τοῦ τείχους, ἦν δὲ καὶ οἰκιῶν ἐρείπια·
Two coordinated existential clauses: 'some of the wall still remained, and ruins of houses remained too'; Ἐλευθερῶν is the genitive place-name indicating location/context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐλευθερῶν | Ἐλεύθεραι | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦν | nmod | high | Genitive plural place-name, dependent on the understood subject/location of ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/existential use: 'there was'. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 3 ἦν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν paired with δέ. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | -------- | _ | 3 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τείχους | det | high | |
| 7 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with ἦν: 'there remained part of the wall'. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 3 ἦν | conj | high | Second coordinated existential clause. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 ἐρείπια | cc | high | Coordinates οἰκιῶν with τείχους-like genitive complement. |
| 12 | οἰκιῶν | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive plural, coordinated semantically with τοῦ τείχους. |
| 13 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἦν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of the second existential clause. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |
δήλη δὲ τούτοις ἐστὶ πόλις ὀλίγον ὑπὲρ τοῦ πεδίου πρὸς τῷ Κιθαιρῶνι οἰκισθεῖσα.
The predicate adjective δήλη agrees with πόλις; τούτοις is a dative of reference. οἰκισθεῖσα is a passive aorist participle modifying πόλις, with ὀλίγον adverbial and the locative/prepositional phrases specifying position.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δήλη | δῆλος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλις | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with πόλις. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐστὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστὶ | obl | medium | Dative of reference: 'for/to these'. |
| 4 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 5 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Subject of the copula. |
| 6 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | A-ASN | Degree=Pos | 13 οἰκισθεῖσα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, modifying the locative description: 'a little'. |
| 7 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 πεδίου | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦ πεδίου. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 πεδίου | det | high | Article with πεδίου. |
| 9 | πεδίου | πεδίον | NOUN | N-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 οἰκισθεῖσα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Κιθαιρῶνι | case | high | Preposition governing τῷ Κιθαιρῶνι. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Κιθαιρῶνι | det | high | Article with Κιθαιρῶνι. |
| 12 | Κιθαιρῶνι | Κιθαιρών | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 οἰκισθεῖσα | obl | high | Dative complement of πρός, expressing location/direction. |
| 13 | οἰκισθεῖσα | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-APP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 πόλις | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with πόλις. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστὶ | punct | high |