Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 1.38.9

← 1.38.81.39.1 →

Passage 1.38.9

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed
43Greek tokens
2,097input tokens
3,172output tokens
Sentence 1

1.38.9 sentence 1

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ἀπωτέρω δὲ ὀλίγον σπήλαιόν ἐστιν οὐ μέγα, καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸ ὕδατος πηγὴ ψυχροῦ·

The second coordinated phrase is an existential nominal clause; παρʼ αὐτό is an adjunct meaning ‘beside it’, while πηγὴ ὕδατος ψυχροῦ is the nominal subject/predicate.

punct conj advmod cc cc amod punct case advmod obl amod nsubj advmod nmod root 1 ἀπωτέρω ἀπωτέρω / ADV 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 ὀλίγον ὀλίγος / ADV 4 σπήλαιόν σπήλαιον / NOUN 5 ἐστιν εἰμί / VERB 6 οὐ οὐ / PART 7 μέγα μέγας / ADJ 8 , , / PUNCT 9 καὶ καί / CCONJ 10 παρʼ παρά / ADP 11 αὐτὸ αὐτός / PRON 12 ὕδατος ὕδωρ / NOUN 13 πηγὴ πηγή / NOUN 14 ψυχροῦ ψυχρός / ADJ 15 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἀπωτέρωἀπωτέρωADVADV.COMPDegree=Cmp5 ἐστινadvmodhighComparative adverb, spatially ‘farther off’.
2δὲδέCCONJCONJ_5 ἐστινcchighPostpositive connective.
3ὀλίγονὀλίγοςADVADVDegree=Pos5 ἐστινadvmodmediumAccusative neuter singular used adverbially, ‘a little’.
4σπήλαιόνσπήλαιονNOUNN-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing5 ἐστινnsubjhighNeuter nominative subject of ἐστιν.
5ἐστινεἰμίVERBV-PAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighExistential/copular predicate.
6οὐοὐPARTPARTPolarity=Neg7 μέγαadvmodhighNegates μέγα.
7μέγαμέγαςADJA-NSNCase=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing4 σπήλαιόνamodhighNeuter nominative singular adjective modifying σπήλαιον.
8,,PUNCT__5 ἐστινpuncthigh
9καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_5 ἐστινcchighCoordinates the following nominal clause/predicate.
10παρʼπαράADPPREP_13 πηγὴcasehighElided παρά with accusative αὐτό.
11αὐτὸαὐτόςPRONP-ASMCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs13 πηγὴoblhighAccusative object of παρά, referring to the cave.
12ὕδατοςὕδωρNOUNN-GSNCase=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing13 πηγὴnmodhighGenitive dependent on πηγή, ‘spring of water’.
13πηγὴπηγήNOUNN-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing5 ἐστινconjmediumCoordinated nominal predicate/subject under the existential ἐστιν.
14ψυχροῦψυχρόςADJA-GSNCase=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing12 ὕδατοςamodhighGenitive neuter adjective agreeing with ὕδατος.
15··PUNCT__5 ἐστινpuncthigh
Sentence 3

1.38.9 sentence 3

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Ἐλευθερῶν δὲ ἦν μὲν ἔτι τοῦ τείχους, ἦν δὲ καὶ οἰκιῶν ἐρείπια·

Two coordinated existential clauses: 'some of the wall still remained, and ruins of houses remained too'; Ἐλευθερῶν is the genitive place-name indicating location/context.

punct cc conj punct nmod nsubj nmod advmod cc discourse det cc nmod root 1 Ἐλευθερῶν Ἐλεύθεραι / PROPN 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 ἦν εἰμί / AUX 4 μὲν μέν / PART 5 ἔτι ἔτι / ADV 6 τοῦ ὁ / DET 7 τείχους τεῖχος / NOUN 8 , , / PUNCT 9 ἦν εἰμί / AUX 10 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 11 καὶ καί / CCONJ 12 οἰκιῶν οἰκία / NOUN 13 ἐρείπια ἐρείπιον / NOUN 14 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἘλευθερῶνἘλεύθεραιPROPNN--GPMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur3 ἦνnmodhighGenitive plural place-name, dependent on the understood subject/location of ἦν.
2δὲδέCCONJ--------_9 ἦνcchigh
3ἦνεἰμίAUXV3SIIA---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighImpersonal/existential use: 'there was'.
4μὲνμένPART--------_3 ἦνdiscoursehighCorrelative μέν paired with δέ.
5ἔτιἔτιADV--------_3 ἦνadvmodhigh
6τοῦDETT-GSMCase=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing7 τείχουςdethigh
7τείχουςτεῖχοςNOUNN-GSNCase=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing3 ἦνnmodhighPartitive genitive with ἦν: 'there remained part of the wall'.
8,,PUNCT__3 ἦνpuncthigh
9ἦνεἰμίAUXV3SIIA---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act3 ἦνconjhighSecond coordinated existential clause.
10δὲδέCCONJ--------_9 ἦνcchigh
11καὶκαίCCONJ--------_13 ἐρείπιαcchighCoordinates οἰκιῶν with τείχους-like genitive complement.
12οἰκιῶνοἰκίαNOUNN-GPFCase=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur13 ἐρείπιαnmodhighGenitive plural, coordinated semantically with τοῦ τείχους.
13ἐρείπιαἐρείπιονNOUNN-NPNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur9 ἦνnsubjhighNeuter plural subject of the second existential clause.
14··PUNCT__3 ἦνpuncthigh
Sentence 4

1.38.9 sentence 4

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δήλη δὲ τούτοις ἐστὶ πόλις ὀλίγον ὑπὲρ τοῦ πεδίου πρὸς τῷ Κιθαιρῶνι οἰκισθεῖσα.

The predicate adjective δήλη agrees with πόλις; τούτοις is a dative of reference. οἰκισθεῖσα is a passive aorist participle modifying πόλις, with ὀλίγον adverbial and the locative/prepositional phrases specifying position.

punct acl advmod xcomp obl cc case case obl nsubj det det obl root 1 δήλη δῆλος / ADJ 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 τούτοις οὗτος / PRON 4 ἐστὶ εἰμί / AUX 5 πόλις πόλις / NOUN 6 ὀλίγον ὀλίγος / ADV 7 ὑπὲρ ὑπέρ / ADP 8 τοῦ ὁ / DET 9 πεδίου πεδίον / NOUN 10 πρὸς πρός / ADP 11 τῷ ὁ / DET 12 Κιθαιρῶνι Κιθαιρών / PROPN 13 οἰκισθεῖσα οἰκίζω / VERB 14 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1δήληδῆλοςADJA-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing5 πόλιςxcomphighPredicate adjective with πόλις.
2δὲδέCCONJC--------_4 ἐστὶcchighPostpositive connective.
3τούτοιςοὗτοςPRONPD-DPMCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur4 ἐστὶoblmediumDative of reference: 'for/to these'.
4ἐστὶεἰμίAUXV-PAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighCopular root.
5πόλιςπόλιςNOUNN-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing4 ἐστὶnsubjhighSubject of the copula.
6ὀλίγονὀλίγοςADVA-ASNDegree=Pos13 οἰκισθεῖσαadvmodmediumAdverbial accusative, modifying the locative description: 'a little'.
7ὑπὲρὑπέρADPR--------_9 πεδίουcasehighPreposition governing τοῦ πεδίου.
8τοῦDETP-SGMCase=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing9 πεδίουdethighArticle with πεδίου.
9πεδίουπεδίονNOUNN-SGNCase=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing13 οἰκισθεῖσαoblhighGenitive complement of ὑπέρ.
10πρὸςπρόςADPR--------_12 ΚιθαιρῶνιcasehighPreposition governing τῷ Κιθαιρῶνι.
11τῷDETP-SDMCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing12 ΚιθαιρῶνιdethighArticle with Κιθαιρῶνι.
12ΚιθαιρῶνιΚιθαιρώνPROPNN-DSMCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing13 οἰκισθεῖσαoblhighDative complement of πρός, expressing location/direction.
13οἰκισθεῖσαοἰκίζωVERBV-APP-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass5 πόλιςaclhighAorist passive participle agreeing with πόλις.
14..PUNCT__4 ἐστὶpuncthigh
← 1.38.81.39.1 →