Grammar parses for passage 1.39.3
Open translation for this passage
εἶναι δὲ ὁ Κερκυὼν λέγεται καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἄδικος ἐς τοὺς ξένους καὶ παλαίειν οὐ βουλομένοις·
Infinitival construction depends on λέγεται: Κερκύων is the accusative subject of εἶναι and παλαίειν; the final participle βουλομένοις is dative, construed with παλαίειν in the sense ‘for those unwilling to wrestle’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγεται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 λέγεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Κερκυὼν | det | high | |
| 4 | Κερκυὼν | Κερκύων | PROPN | N---NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄδικος | nsubj | medium | Nominative form is retained in the transmitted wording, although the infinitival construction may reflect an accusative-and-infinitive analysis. |
| 5 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive reporting verb. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἄδικος | cc | high | Coordinates adjectival predicates. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---NAP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---NAP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἄδικος | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘in other respects’; τὰ ἄλλα is substantivized. |
| 9 | ἄδικος | ἄδικος | ADJ | A---NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with εἶναι; coordinated with the following infinitive. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ξένους | case | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---AMP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ξένους | det | high | |
| 12 | ξένους | ξένος | NOUN | N---AMP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἄδικος | obl | high | Object of ἐς with ἄδικος, ‘unjust toward strangers’. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 παλαίειν | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with εἶναι. |
| 14 | παλαίειν | παλαίω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἄδικος | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with the predicate εἶναι. |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 16 βουλομένοις | advmod | high | |
| 16 | βουλομένοις | βούλομαι | VERB | V--PPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 παλαίειν | obl | medium | Dative participle, likely ‘for/to those unwilling’; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγεται | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ ὁ Κερκυὼν τοὺς καταστάντας ἐς πάλην διαφθεῖραι πλὴν Θησέως, Θησεὺς δὲ κατεπάλαισεν αὐτὸν σοφίᾳ τὸ πλέον·
The first clause is a passive impersonal λέγεται with an accusative-and-infinitive complement: Κερκύων is the accusative subject of διαφθεῖραι, and τοὺς καταστάντας is its object. In the second clause, τὸ πλέον is an adverbial accusative meaning ‘for the most part’; σοφίᾳ is an instrumental dative. The lexical form κατεπαλαίω is somewhat uncertain in parsing, but the context requires an aorist active finite verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3SPM/P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive introducing reported speech. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Κερκυὼν | det | high | |
| 4 | Κερκυὼν | Κερκύων | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 διαφθεῖραι | nsubj | medium | Surface nominative in the λέγεται clause, but semantically accusative subject of the infinitive; nominative may reflect nominativus pendens or textual variation. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 καταστάντας | det | high | |
| 6 | καταστάντας | καθίστημι | VERB | VA-AAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 διαφθεῖραι | obj | high | Substantival participle, object of διαφθεῖραι. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 8 πάλην | case | high | |
| 8 | πάλην | πάλη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καταστάντας | obl | high | ‘Those who entered into wrestling’; ἐς πάλην complements the participle. |
| 9 | διαφθεῖραι | διαφθείρω | VERB | VA-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγεται. |
| 10 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | P | _ | 11 Θησέως | case | high | Exceptive preposition. |
| 11 | Θησέως | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 διαφθεῖραι | obl | high | Genitive complement of πλήν, marking the exception. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατεπάλαισεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | Θησεὺς | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατεπάλαισεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 κατεπάλαισεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective coordinating the second clause. |
| 15 | κατεπάλαισεν | καταπαλαίω | VERB | VA-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | conj | medium | Aorist active finite verb; lexical segmentation and accentuation are somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | PX-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 15 κατεπάλαισεν | obj | high | |
| 17 | σοφίᾳ | σοφία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατεπάλαισεν | obl | high | Instrumental or means dative: ‘by skill’. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 πλέον | det | high | Article substantivizing πλέον. |
| 19 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | A-ANS-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 κατεπάλαισεν | advmod | high | Substantivized comparative, adverbial accusative: ‘for the most part’. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατεπάλαισεν | punct | high |
τοσαῦτα κατὰ γνώμην τὴν ἐμὴν Ἀθηναίοις γνωριμώτατα ἦν ἔν τε λόγοις καὶ θεωρήμασιν.
The neuter plural τοσαῦτα is the subject of ἦν, with γνωριμώτατα as a neuter plural superlative predicate adjective; κατὰ γνώμην τὴν ἐμήν is an accusative phrase meaning ‘in my judgment’, and Ἀθηναίοις is a dative of reference. ἔν is the preposition ἐν with elision, coordinating its two dative complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσαῦτα | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 3 γνώμην | case | high | |
| 3 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | obl | high | Accusative of respect/standpoint with κατά. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐμὴν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐμὴν | ἐμός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes | 3 γνώμην | amod | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γνωριμώτατα | obl | medium | Dative of reference; alternatively could be analyzed as the understood experiencer of ‘being known’. |
| 7 | γνωριμώτατα | γνώριμος | ADJ | A-NPN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with neuter plural τοσαῦτα. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular copula with neuter plural subject. |
| 9 | ἔν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 11 λόγοις | case | high | Elided form of ἐν before τε. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 ἔν | cc | medium | Correlative τε … καί construction. |
| 11 | λόγοις | λόγος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γνωριμώτατα | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐν. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 θεωρήμασιν | cc | high | |
| 13 | θεωρήμασιν | θεώρημα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 λόγοις | conj | high | Second coordinated dative complement of ἐν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | U | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high |
ἀπέκρινε δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν πολλῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ λόγος μοι τὰ ἐς συγγραφὴν ἀνήκοντα.
The verb ἀπέκρινε is impersonal/transitive here, ‘separated/excluded’; λόγος is its nominative subject, τὰ ἐς συγγραφὴν ἀνήκοντα its accusative object, and μοι a dative of reference. ἀπὸ τῶν πολλῶν and ἐξ ἀρχῆς are prepositional modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέκρινε | ἀποκρίνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπέκρινε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πολλῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πολλῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέκρινε | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘the many’. |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 7 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέκρινε | obl | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λόγος | det | high | |
| 9 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέκρινε | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 1 ἀπέκρινε | iobj | high | Dative of reference. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνήκοντα | obj | high | Article with substantivized participle. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 συγγραφὴν | case | high | |
| 13 | συγγραφὴν | συγγραφή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀνήκοντα | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 14 | ἀνήκοντα | ἀνήκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπέκρινε | acl | high | Substantivized attributive participle, agreeing with τὰ. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέκρινε | punct | high |