Grammar parses for passage 1.39.4
Open translation for this passage
Ἐλευσῖνι δὲ ἤδη πλησιόχωρος ἡ καλουμένη Μεγαρίς·
The sentence is nominal/elliptically copular: ‘At Eleusis the Megarid is already nearby’; πλησιόχωρος is predicative and Μεγαρίς its subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐλευσῖνι | Ἐλευσίς | PROPN | Neut-Loc | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πλησιόχωρος | obl | medium | Locative dative of place; form syncretic with dative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 Μεγαρίς | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | Adv | _ | 4 πλησιόχωρος | advmod | high | |
| 4 | πλησιόχωρος | πλησιόχωρος | ADJ | -ης/-ες | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Predicate adjective with nominal/elliptical copular syntax. |
| 5 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Μεγαρίς | det | high | |
| 6 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | Pres-Pass-Part | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 7 Μεγαρίς | acl | high | |
| 7 | Μεγαρίς | Μεγαρίς | PROPN | 1st-decl | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πλησιόχωρος | nsubj | high | Named subject of the predicate adjective. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πλησιόχωρος | punct | high |
τῆς Ἀθηναίων ἦν καὶ αὕτη τὸ ἀρχαῖον, Πύλα τοῦ βασιλέως καταλιπόντος Πανδίονι.
The first genitive phrase is syntactically elliptical/context-dependent; τὸ ἀρχαῖον is best treated as an adverbial articular neuter, and the final phrase is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | |
| 2 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-G数? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized/plural ethnic name, genitive dependent on an omitted or understood possessive complement; exact attachment is context-sensitive. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V- Impf Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 αὕτη | cc | high | |
| 5 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | Dem-Pron-Nom-Sg-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADV | Adv | _ | 3 ἦν | advmod | medium | Articular neuter used adverbially, ‘in ancient times/formerly’; some analyses treat it as substantivized ADJ. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Πύλα | Πύλα | PROPN | N-Nom/Acc-Plur-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 καταλιπόντος | obj | medium | Likely plural place-name, object of καταλείπω; case/number are homographic with nominative plural. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 βασιλέως | det | high | |
| 11 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καταλιπόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 12 | καταλιπόντος | καταλείπω | VERB | V-Aor Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἦν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, ‘after the king abandoned/leaving ...’. |
| 13 | Πανδίονι | Πανδίων | PROPN | N-Dat-Sg-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καταλιπόντος | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary of καταλείπω. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |
μαρτύρια δέ μοι τάφος τε Πανδίονος ἐν τῇ γῇ καὶ Νῖσος Αἰγεῖ μὲν πρεσβυτάτῳ τοῦ παντὸς γένους παραχωρήσας Ἀθηναίων ἄρχειν, αὐτὸς δὲ Μεγάρων καὶ τῆς ἄχρι Κορίνθου βασιλεύειν ἀξιωθείς·
Νῖσος is coordinated with the preceding nominative subject/predicate and governs two coordinated aorist participial clauses; the second participle has explicit αὐτός as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτύρια | μαρτύριον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 4 τάφος | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 μαρτύρια | cc | high | |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Number=Singular|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 μαρτύρια | iobj | high | |
| 4 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinated nominative predicate/evidentiary subject with μαρτύρια. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 τάφος | cc | high | |
| 6 | Πανδίονος | Πανδίων | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 4 τάφος | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 9 γῇ | case | high | |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 9 γῇ | det | high | |
| 9 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 4 τάφος | nmod | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 τάφος | cc | high | |
| 11 | Νῖσος | Νῖσος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 4 τάφος | conj | high | |
| 12 | Αἰγεῖ | Αἰγεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 18 παραχωρήσας | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/precedence with πρεσβυτάτῳ. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 18 παραχωρήσας | discourse | high | |
| 14 | πρεσβυτάτῳ | πρέσβυς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dative|Degree=Superl|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 18 παραχωρήσας | obl | high | Superlative dative, agreeing with implied Αἰγεῖ. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 17 γένους | det | high | |
| 16 | παντὸς | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Genitive|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 17 γένους | amod | high | |
| 17 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 14 πρεσβυτάτῳ | nmod | high | |
| 18 | παραχωρήσας | παραχωρέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 11 Νῖσος | advcl | high | Participial circumstance of Νῖσος. |
| 19 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Number=Plural | 20 ἄρχειν | obj | high | Genitive object with ἄρχειν. |
| 20 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 18 παραχωρήσας | xcomp | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 παραχωρήσας | punct | high | |
| 22 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 30 ἀξιωθείς | nsubj | high | Resumptive subject of the second participial phrase. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 30 ἀξιωθείς | cc | high | |
| 24 | Μεγάρων | Μέγαρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Number=Plural | 29 βασιλεύειν | obl | high | Genitive with βασιλεύειν. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 τῆς | cc | high | |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 28 Κορίνθου | det | high | |
| 27 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | _ | _ | 28 Κορίνθου | case | high | |
| 28 | Κορίνθου | Κόρινθος | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 29 βασιλεύειν | obl | high | Article + ἄχρι phrase; τῆς is substantival/elliptical. |
| 29 | βασιλεύειν | βασιλεύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 30 ἀξιωθείς | xcomp | high | |
| 30 | ἀξιωθείς | ἀξιόω | VERB | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 11 Νῖσος | conj | high | Second coordinated participle modifying Νῖσος. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 τάφος | punct | high |
Νίσαιά τε ἔτι καὶ νῦν Μεγαρεῦσιν ἐπίνειον ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καλεῖται.
Impersonal/passive καλεῖται takes Νίσαιά as the nominative subject; ἐπίνειον is a nominative predicate noun, while ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ means ‘from it’ and Μεγαρεῦσιν is the dative of reference/possession. Νίσαιά may be a place-name with slightly uncertain lexical gender/inflection.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Νίσαιά | Νίσαια | PROPN | Neut;Nom;Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καλεῖται | nsubj:pass | medium | Place-name; analyzed as nominative neuter singular. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 Νίσαιά | cc | high | Correlative enclitic coordinating Νίσαιά with the following adverbial material. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adv | _ | 10 καλεῖται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 νῦν | cc | high | Coordinates καὶ νῦν as an adverbial phrase. |
| 5 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | Adv | _ | 10 καλεῖται | advmod | high | |
| 6 | Μεγαρεῦσιν | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | Noun;Dat;Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπίνειον | nmod | medium | Dative of reference/possession: ‘for the Megarians’. |
| 7 | ἐπίνειον | ἐπίνειον | NOUN | Noun;Nom;Neut;Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καλεῖται | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with καλεῖται. |
| 8 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Apocopated/elided form of ἀπό. |
| 9 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | Pron;Gen;Neut;Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 καλεῖται | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό; refers to the place mentioned in context. |
| 10 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle/passive-form verb, ‘is called’. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 10 καλεῖται | punct | high |
Κόδρου δὲ ὕστερον βασιλεύοντος στρατεύουσιν ἐπʼ Ἀθήνας Πελοποννήσιοι· καὶ ὡς οὐδὲν ἀποδειξάμενοι λαμπρὸν ἐκομίζοντο ὀπίσω, Μέγαρα Ἀθηναίων ἑλόντες Κορινθίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμμάχων τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἔδωκαν οἰκῆσαι.
The genitive absolute Κόδρου ... βασιλεύοντος sets the time; ὡς introduces the circumstance/reason for the retreat. Μέγαρα is the object of ἑλόντες and the subject of the understood passive/elliptical settlement construction, while τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν is the recipient group of ἔδωκαν and οἰκῆσαι is its complementary infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κόδρου | Κόδρος | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 βασιλεύοντος | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying βασιλεύοντος. |
| 4 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 στρατεύουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 5 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 7 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | |
| 8 | Πελοποννήσιοι | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στρατεύουσιν | nsubj | high | Agent/subject of στρατεύουσιν. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐκομίζοντο | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 15 ἐκομίζοντο | mark | medium | Introduces the circumstance/reason clause. |
| 12 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P---ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀποδειξάμενοι | obj | high | Object of ἀποδειξάμενοι, with λαμπρόν understood as modifying it. |
| 13 | ἀποδειξάμενοι | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 ἐκομίζοντο | advcl | high | Concessive/circumstantial participle agreeing with Πελοποννήσιοι. |
| 14 | λαμπρὸν | λαμπρός | ADJ | A--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 οὐδὲν | amod | high | Predicative/object-oriented adjective with οὐδέν. |
| 15 | ἐκομίζοντο | κομίζω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 5 στρατεύουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject remains Πελοποννήσιοι. |
| 16 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 ἐκομίζοντο | advmod | high | Adverb meaning back. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐκομίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 18 | Μέγαρα | Μέγαρα | PROPN | N--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἑλόντες | obj | high | Object of ἑλόντες. |
| 19 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Μέγαρα | nmod | high | Possessive/source genitive: Megara of the Athenians. |
| 20 | ἑλόντες | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἔδωκαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the Peloponnesians. |
| 21 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 συμμάχων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on συμμάχων. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 συμμάχων | cc | high | |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 24 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 συμμάχων | amod | high | |
| 25 | συμμάχων | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἔδωκαν | nmod | high | Genitive of the Corinthians and other allies. |
| 26 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐθέλουσιν | det | high | |
| 27 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ἔδωκαν | iobj | high | Substantival participle, those willing. |
| 28 | ἔδωκαν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἐκομίζοντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐκομίζοντο; subject is the Peloponnesians. |
| 29 | οἰκῆσαι | οἰκέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἔδωκαν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἔδωκαν. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐκομίζοντο | punct | high |