Grammar parses for passage 1.39.5
Open translation for this passage
Μεγαρεῖς μὲν οὕτως ἔθη καὶ φωνὴν μεταβαλόντες Δωριεῖς γεγόνασι, κληθῆναι δὲ οὕτω τὴν πόλιν φασὶν ἐπὶ Καρὸς τοῦ Φορωνέως ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ βασιλεύοντος·
The sentence has a coordinated main assertion and a following reporting clause; βασιλεύοντος ... is a genitive absolute, while Κάρος τοῦ Φορωνέως supplies its understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεγαρεῖς | Μεγαρεύς | NOUN | N---NomPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 γεγόνασι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--- | _ | 9 γεγόνασι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 μεταβαλόντες | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἔθη | ἔθος | NOUN | N---AccPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 μεταβαλόντες | obj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 φωνὴν | cc | high | |
| 6 | φωνὴν | φωνή | NOUN | N---AccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μεταβαλόντες | obj | high | |
| 7 | μεταβαλόντες | μεταβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 γεγόνασι | advcl | high | Aorist participle with coordinated objects. |
| 8 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | NOUN | N---PredPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 γεγόνασι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γίγνομαι. |
| 9 | γεγόνασι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 γεγόνασι | punct | high | |
| 11 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 16 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασίν; subject is τὴν πόλιν. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 13 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 κληθῆναι | advmod | high | |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-AFS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 15 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κληθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 16 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 γεγόνασι | parataxis | high | Impersonal/plural reporting verb with omitted subject. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 βασιλεύοντος | case | high | With genitive, temporal circumstance. |
| 18 | Καρὸς | Κάρ | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 βασιλεύοντος | obl | medium | Genitive personal name; orthography and inflection are somewhat irregular. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GMS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Φορωνέως | det | high | |
| 20 | Φορωνέως | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Καρὸς | nmod | high | Patronymic/appositional genitive. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 γῇ | case | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DFS | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 γῇ | det | high | |
| 23 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 βασιλεύοντος | obl | high | |
| 24 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | A-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 23 γῇ | amod | high | |
| 25 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 κληθῆναι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, with Κάρ as its understood subject. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 γεγόνασι | punct | high |
τότε πρῶτον λέγουσιν ἱερὰ γενέσθαι Δήμητρος αὐτοῖς, τότε ἀνθρώπους ὀνομάσαι Μέγαρα.
The sentence has two coordinated infinitival reports under λέγουσιν; ἱερὰ is the neuter plural subject of γενέσθαι, while ἀνθρώπους is the accusative subject of ὀνομάσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | DARK | PronType=Dem | 3 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-----AS- | Degree=Sup | 3 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative/superlative. |
| 3 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | NOUN | N-PNA---A | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι, with λέγουσιν introducing an infinitival report. |
| 5 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AD- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | |
| 6 | Δήμητρος | Δήμητρα | PROPN | N-GF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὰ | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/association. |
| 7 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-3P---D- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or reference with γενέσθαι. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | τότε | τότε | ADV | DARK | PronType=Dem | 11 ὀνομάσαι | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-PLMA---A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the second infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 11 | ὀνομάσαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAI- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Second coordinated infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 12 | Μέγαρα | Μέγαρα | PROPN | N-PNA---A | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | Place-name, accusative object of ὀνομάσαι. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
οὕτω μὲν αὐτοὶ περὶ σφῶν Μεγαρεῖς λέγουσι·
The sentence means ‘Thus the Megarians themselves say concerning themselves’; αὐτοὶ is an emphatic subject modifier, while περὶ σφῶν is a prepositional oblique phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 7 λέγουσι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may occur in surrounding context. |
| 3 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P----NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 6 Μεγαρεῖς | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, agreeing with Μεγαρεῖς. |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 σφῶν | case | high | |
| 5 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---G-P-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 6 Μεγαρεῖς | obl | high | Reflexive third-person plural pronoun; περὶ σφῶν means ‘about themselves/their own affairs’. |
| 6 | Μεγαρεῖς | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N--NNM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally: ‘the Megarians’. |
| 7 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσι | punct | high |
Βοιωτοὶ δὲ ἐν Ὀγχηστῷ Μεγαρέα τὸν Ποσειδῶνος οἰκοῦντα ἀφικέσθαι στρατιᾷ Βοιωτῶν φασι Νίσῳ τὸν πρὸς Μίνω πόλεμον συνδιοίσοντα, πεσόντα δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ ταφῆναί τε αὐτοῦ καὶ τῇ πόλει Μέγαρα ὄνομα ἀπὸ τούτου γενέσθαι, πρότερον Νίσᾳ καλουμένῃ.
Indirect statement after φασι has coordinated infinitives ἀφικέσθαι, ταφῆναι, and γενέσθαι; the attachment of αὐτοῦ is somewhat compressed and uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Βοιωτοὶ | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φασι | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 φασι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 4 Ὀγχηστῷ | case | high | |
| 4 | Ὀγχηστῷ | Ὀγχηστός | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 5 | Μεγαρέα | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφικέσθαι | obj | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Μεγαρέα | det | high | |
| 7 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Μεγαρέα | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive of association. |
| 8 | οἰκοῦντα | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 Μεγαρέα | acl | high | Participial modifier of Μεγαρέα. |
| 9 | ἀφικέσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AAM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 φασι | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 10 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment/instrument. |
| 11 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 στρατιᾷ | nmod | high | |
| 12 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | Νίσῳ | Νῖσος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 συνδιοίσοντα | iobj | medium | Dative of participation/assistance with συνδιοίσοντα. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμον | det | high | |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 16 Μίνω | case | high | |
| 16 | Μίνω | Μίνως | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμον | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς in adversative relation. |
| 17 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 συνδιοίσοντα | obj | high | |
| 18 | συνδιοίσοντα | συνδιαφέρω | VERB | V-FAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἀφικέσθαι | acl | high | Future participle expressing purpose; modifies Μεγαρέα. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀφικέσθαι | punct | high | |
| 20 | πεσόντα | πίπτω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ταφῆναί | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated with the following infinitival clause. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 πεσόντα | cc | high | |
| 22 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 26 ταφῆναί | obj | high | Accusative subject of ταφῆναι. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 25 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 24 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 25 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πεσόντα | obl | high | |
| 26 | ταφῆναί | θάπτω | VERB | V-APM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 12 φασι | ccomp | high | Second infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 26 ταφῆναί | cc | high | Correlates with καί at token 29. |
| 28 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 26 ταφῆναί | obl | medium | Probably locative/genitival adjunct, 'there/his burial place'; attachment is uncertain. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 36 γενέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with γενέσθαι. |
| 30 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 πόλει | det | high | |
| 31 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 γενέσθαι | iobj | high | Dative of possession/association with ὄνομα γενέσθαι. |
| 32 | Μέγαρα | Μέγαρα | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural place name. |
| 33 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 γενέσθαι | obj | medium | Predicate/obtained-name noun with γενέσθαι; construction is compressed. |
| 34 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 35 τούτου | case | high | |
| 35 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 36 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Source of the name. |
| 36 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 φασι | ccomp | high | Coordinated infinitive completing φασι. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 γενέσθαι | punct | high | |
| 38 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 40 καλουμένῃ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying καλουμένῃ. |
| 39 | Νίσᾳ | Νῖσα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 καλουμένῃ | obl | high | Dative with καλουμένῃ: formerly called Nisa. |
| 40 | καλουμένῃ | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 31 πόλει | acl | high | Participial modifier of πόλει. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 φασι | punct | high |