Grammar parses for passage 1.4.2
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ μάλιστα μὲν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀπειρήκεσαν μήκει τοῦ Μακεδονικοῦ πολέμου καὶ προσπταίοντες τὰ πολλὰ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις, ἐξιέναι δὲ ὅμως ὥρμηντο ἐς τὰς Θερμοπύλας σὺν τοῖς ἐλθοῦσι τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἑλόμενοι σφίσι τὸν Κάλλιππον τοῦτον ἡγεῖσθαι.
The main syntactic challenge is the chain of participles: ἀπειρήκεσαν and ὥρμηντο are the two finite predicates, with several circumstantial participles (προσπταίοντες, ἑλόμενοι, ἐλθοῦσι) and the infinitival complement ἡγεῖσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπειρήκεσαν; adjective used substantively as an ethnicon/name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μάλιστα | μάλα | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | advmod | high | Modifies ἀπειρήκεσαν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 3 μάλιστα | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλλήνων. |
| 6 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | obl | high | Genitive of comparison/source with μάλιστα. |
| 7 | ἀπειρήκεσαν | ἀπειρέω | VERB | V3plia | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 8 | μήκει | μῆκος | NOUN | Nb | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | obl | high | Dative of respect/cause with ἀπειρήκεσαν. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πολέμου | det | high | Article modifying πολέμου. |
| 10 | Μακεδονικοῦ | Μακεδονικός | ADJ | A--sgm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πολέμου | amod | high | Modifies πολέμου. |
| 11 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | Nb | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μήκει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μήκει. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 προσπταίοντες | cc | high | Connects participial clauses. |
| 13 | προσπταίοντες | προσπταίω | VERB | V-ppanm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | advcl | high | Coordinate participial circumstance/modifier of ἀπειρήκεσαν. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 πολλὰ | det | high | Article with πολλὰ. |
| 15 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A--npna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 προσπταίοντες | obj | medium | Likely adverbial accusative with προσπταίοντες ('often/many times'). |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 18 μάχαις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 μάχαις | det | high | Article modifying μάχαις. |
| 18 | μάχαις | μάχη | NOUN | Nb | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 προσπταίοντες | obl | high | Oblique with ἐν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ἐξιέναι | ἐξίημι | VERB | V-ppna | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 23 ὥρμηντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ὥρμηντο. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 23 ὥρμηντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 22 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D | _ | 23 ὥρμηντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ὥρμηντο. |
| 23 | ὥρμηντο | ὁρμάω | VERB | V3plie | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | conj | high | Second main verbal predicate coordinated with ἀπειρήκεσαν. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 26 Θερμοπύλας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 25 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 Θερμοπύλας | det | high | Article modifying Θερμοπύλας. |
| 26 | Θερμοπύλας | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | Ne | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ὥρμηντο | obl | high | Direction/location with ἐς. |
| 27 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R | _ | 29 ἐλθοῦσι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 28 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐλθοῦσι | det | high | Article modifying ἐλθοῦσι. |
| 29 | ἐλθοῦσι | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-a-pdat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ὥρμηντο | obl | high | Dative participial phrase with σὺν. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλλήνων. |
| 31 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐλθοῦσι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐλθοῦσι. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ὥρμηντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | ἑλόμενοι | αἱρέω | VERB | V-ppmnn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 ὥρμηντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ὥρμηντο. |
| 34 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 38 ἡγεῖσθαι | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/recipient with ἡγεῖσθαι. |
| 35 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Sp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 Κάλλιππον | det | high | Article modifying Κάλλιππον. |
| 36 | Κάλλιππον | Κάλλιππος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἡγεῖσθαι | obj | high | Object/topic of the infinitive ἡγεῖσθαι. |
| 37 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 Κάλλιππον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Κάλλιππον. |
| 38 | ἡγεῖσθαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-pnm | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 33 ἑλόμενοι | xcomp | high | Complement of ἑλόμενοι. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |