Grammar parses for passage 1.4.1
Open translation for this passage
καί σφισι διὰ τῆς χώρας ῥεῖ ποταμὸς Ἠριδανός, ἐφʼ ᾧ τὰς θυγατέρας τὰς Ἡλίου ὀδύρεσθαι νομίζουσι τὸ περὶ τὸν Φαέθοντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν πάθος.
Relative clause: ἐφʼ ᾧ refers to ποταμός and introduces the belief that the daughters lament the πάθος concerning Phaethon; τὸ περὶ τὸν Φαέθοντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν πάθος is an articular noun phrase with περὶ-phrase and appositional τὸν ἀδελφόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφισι | ἐγώ | PRON | PPro-DatPl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ῥεῖ | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/association: ‘for them’. |
| 3 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 χώρας | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 χώρας | det | high | |
| 5 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | obl | high | Object of διά. |
| 6 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | Ἠριδανός | Ἠριδανός | PROPN | N-NomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Proper-name apposition to ποταμός. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ᾧ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 11 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | RPro-DatSg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 νομίζουσι | obl | medium | Relative pronoun referring to ποταμός; ἐπί + dative, with the relative clause linked to the belief construction. |
| 12 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 θυγατέρας | det | high | |
| 13 | θυγατέρας | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-Afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ὀδύρεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Ἡλίου | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἡλίου | Ἥλιος | PROPN | N-Gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 θυγατέρας | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 16 | ὀδύρεσθαι | ὀδύρομαι | VERB | V-PMeInf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 17 νομίζουσι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of νομίζουσι; accusative subject τὰς θυγατέρας. |
| 17 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ᾧ | acl:relcl | medium | Finite verb of the relative clause; subject is implicit ‘they’. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Ans | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 πάθος | det | high | |
| 19 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 Φαέθοντα | case | high | |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Φαέθοντα | det | high | |
| 21 | Φαέθοντα | Φαέθων | PROPN | N-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 πάθος | nmod | high | Object of περί. |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἀδελφὸν | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀδελφὸν | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Φαέθοντα | appos | high | Apposition to Φαέθοντα. |
| 24 | πάθος | πάθος | NOUN | N-Ans | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὀδύρεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ὀδύρεσθαι. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | punct | high |
ὀψὲ δέ ποτε αὐτοὺς καλεῖσθαι Γαλάτας ἐξενίκησεν·
The infinitive καλεῖσθαι with accusative subject αὐτούς is a subject clause governed by ἐξενίκησεν; Γαλάτας is its accusative predicate complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀψὲ | ὀψέ | ADV | Adverb | _ | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | Adverb | _ | 5 καλεῖσθαι | advmod | medium | Indefinite temporal adverb, modifying the infinitival event. |
| 4 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | A-PRON | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 καλεῖσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | V-P---INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | csubj | high | Infinitival subject clause of ἐξενίκησεν. |
| 6 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N----A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 5 καλεῖσθαι | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicate complement with passive καλεῖσθαι: 'to be called Galatians'. |
| 7 | ἐξενίκησεν | ἐκνικάω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high |
Κελτοὶ γὰρ κατά τε σφᾶς τὸ ἀρχαῖον καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὠνομάζοντο.
The sentence contrasts the Celts’ ancient self-designation (κατά σφᾶς ... τὸ ἀρχαῖον) with their designation among others (παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις); the exact attachment of τε is slightly ambiguous but it belongs to the κατά ... καί coordination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κελτοὶ | Κελτός | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | nsubj | high | Ethnonym used as a plural proper noun. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G|||||||| | _ | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | κατά | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 5 σφᾶς | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative σφᾶς. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G|||||||| | _ | 3 κατά | cc | medium | First member of the correlative τε ... καί coordination. |
| 5 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | PPA-4AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἀρχαῖον | obl | high | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun in the phrase κατά σφᾶς, 'among themselves'. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-SNN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article substantivizing the neuter adjective. |
| 7 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-SNN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | advmod | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, 'in ancient times'; syntactically adverbial. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C|||||||| | _ | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the two adverbial naming contexts. |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 11 ἄλλοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative τοῖς ἄλλοις. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPN | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἄλλοις | det | high | Article agreeing with substantivized ἄλλοις. |
| 11 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the others', complement of παρά. |
| 12 | ὠνομάζοντο | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V3PIIM/P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle/passive, 'were called/named'. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | punct | high |
καθεῖλε δὲ καὶ Ἀντίπατρος καὶ Κάσσανδρος ὕστερον τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, ὥστε ἕκαστοι διʼ ἀσθένειαν οὐδὲν αἰσχρὸν ἐνόμιζον ἀπεῖναι τὸ κατὰ σφᾶς τῆς βοηθείας.
The infinitive ἀπεῖναι is the complement of ἐνόμιζον, with τὸ κατὰ σφᾶς τῆς βοηθείας functioning as its subject; ὥστε introduces the consecutive result clause. The masculine plural ἕκαστοι is distributive with the coordinated Antipater and Cassander, while τὸ Ἑλληνικόν is a substantivized adjective as object of καθεῖλε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθεῖλε | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 καθεῖλε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 Ἀντίπατρος | cc | high | Coordinates the named subjects. |
| 4 | Ἀντίπατρος | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καθεῖλε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 Κάσσανδρος | cc | high | Coordinates the named subjects. |
| 6 | Κάσσανδρος | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀντίπατρος | conj | high | |
| 7 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καθεῖλε | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘later’. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑλληνικόν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἑλληνικόν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 καθεῖλε | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek [realm/people]’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καθεῖλε | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C | _ | 17 ἐνόμιζον | mark | high | Introduces a consecutive/result clause. |
| 12 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐνόμιζον | nsubj | high | Distributive subject referring to the two named rulers. |
| 13 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 14 ἀσθένειαν | case | high | Elided form of διά. |
| 14 | ἀσθένειαν | ἀσθένεια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνόμιζον | obl | high | Causal oblique with διά. |
| 15 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 αἰσχρὸν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘not at all’. |
| 16 | αἰσχρὸν | αἰσχρός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπεῖναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative complement of ἀπεῖναι. |
| 17 | ἐνόμιζον | νομίζω | VERB | V-3P IAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 11 ὥστε | conj | high | Main verb of the result clause. |
| 18 | ἀπεῖναι | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-ANAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 ἐνόμιζον | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐνόμιζον; means ‘to be absent/lacking’. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 κατὰ | det | high | Article substantivizing the following phrase. |
| 20 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 21 σφᾶς | case | high | Introduces the reference phrase. |
| 21 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 βοηθείας | nmod | medium | Object of κατά; phrase means ‘their own share/contingent’. |
| 22 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 βοηθείας | det | high | |
| 23 | βοηθείας | βοήθεια | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κατὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the substantivized phrase τὸ κατὰ σφᾶς. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καθεῖλε | punct | high |