Grammar parses for passage 1.4.1
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ Γαλάται οὗτοι νέμονται τῆς Εὐρώπης τὰ ἔσχατα ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ πολλῇ καὶ ἐς τὰ πέρατα οὐ πλωίμῳ, παρέχεται δὲ ἄμπωτιν καὶ ῥαχίαν καὶ θηρία οὐδὲν ἐοικότα τοῖς ἐν θαλάσσῃ τῇ λοιπῇ·
The sentence contains two coordinated predicates; the subject of παρέχεται is singular and likely an understood coastal referent rather than the plural Γαλάται. πλωίμῳ is morphologically masculine dative singular and syntactically awkward; it is treated as a substantivized dative adjective with low certainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Γαλάται | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 νέμονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Γαλάται | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 νέμονται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Γαλάται | det | high | Demonstrative used attributively/appositionally with the ethnonym. |
| 5 | νέμονται | νέμω | VERB | V3PAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Εὐρώπης | det | high | |
| 7 | Εὐρώπης | Εὐρώπη | PROPN | N---GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 νέμονται | obl | high | Genitive of area/domain with νέμονται. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἔσχατα | det | high | |
| 9 | ἔσχατα | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 νέμονται | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of νέμονται. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 11 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N---LF-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔσχατα | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 12 | πολλῇ | πολύς | ADJ | A---LF-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 θαλάσσῃ | amod | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 πέρατα | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 πέρατα | case | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 πέρατα | det | high | |
| 16 | πέρατα | πέρας | NOUN | N---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἔσχατα | obl | high | Second coordinated extent phrase. |
| 17 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | -------- | _ | 18 πλωίμῳ | advmod | high | |
| 18 | πλωίμῳ | πλώιμος | ADJ | A---LD-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πέρατα | amod | medium | Likely substantivized dative adjective, ‘not navigable’; form is masculine dative singular despite neuter plural πέρατα. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 νέμονται | punct | high | |
| 20 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 νέμονται | conj | high | Coordinated predicate; singular subject is the coast/region understood from context. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 20 παρέχεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 22 | ἄμπωτιν | ἄμπωτις | NOUN | N---AF-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 παρέχεται | obj | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 24 ῥαχίαν | cc | high | |
| 24 | ῥαχίαν | ῥαχία | NOUN | N---AF-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 παρέχεται | obj | high | Coordinated object of παρέχεται. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 26 θηρία | cc | high | |
| 26 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | N---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 παρέχεται | obj | high | Third coordinated object. |
| 27 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P---NA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἐοικότα | advmod | medium | Adverbial/degree use, ‘in no way/not at all’; alternatively may be read with θηρία. |
| 28 | ἐοικότα | ἔοικα | VERB | VPRAIA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 26 θηρία | acl | high | Perfect participle, agreeing with θηρία. |
| 29 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---LD-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 θαλάσσῃ | det | high | |
| 30 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 31 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N---LF-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐοικότα | obl | high | Elliptical ἐν θαλάσσῃ modifying the compared marine animals. |
| 32 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P---LF-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 θαλάσσῃ | det | high | |
| 33 | λοιπῇ | λοιπός | ADJ | A---LF-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 θαλάσσῃ | amod | high | ‘the rest [of the sea]’. |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 νέμονται | punct | high |
καί σφισι διὰ τῆς χώρας ῥεῖ ποταμὸς Ἠριδανός, ἐφʼ ᾧ τὰς θυγατέρας τὰς Ἡλίου ὀδύρεσθαι νομίζουσι τὸ περὶ τὸν Φαέθοντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν πάθος.
Relative clause: ἐφʼ ᾧ refers to ποταμός and introduces the belief that the daughters lament the πάθος concerning Phaethon; τὸ περὶ τὸν Φαέθοντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν πάθος is an articular noun phrase with περὶ-phrase and appositional τὸν ἀδελφόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφισι | ἐγώ | PRON | PPro-DatPl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ῥεῖ | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/association: ‘for them’. |
| 3 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 χώρας | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 χώρας | det | high | |
| 5 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | obl | high | Object of διά. |
| 6 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | Ἠριδανός | Ἠριδανός | PROPN | N-NomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Proper-name apposition to ποταμός. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ᾧ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 11 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | RPro-DatSg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 νομίζουσι | obl | medium | Relative pronoun referring to ποταμός; ἐπί + dative, with the relative clause linked to the belief construction. |
| 12 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 θυγατέρας | det | high | |
| 13 | θυγατέρας | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-Afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ὀδύρεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Ἡλίου | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἡλίου | Ἥλιος | PROPN | N-Gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 θυγατέρας | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 16 | ὀδύρεσθαι | ὀδύρομαι | VERB | V-PMeInf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 17 νομίζουσι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of νομίζουσι; accusative subject τὰς θυγατέρας. |
| 17 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ᾧ | acl:relcl | medium | Finite verb of the relative clause; subject is implicit ‘they’. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Ans | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 πάθος | det | high | |
| 19 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 Φαέθοντα | case | high | |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Φαέθοντα | det | high | |
| 21 | Φαέθοντα | Φαέθων | PROPN | N-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 πάθος | nmod | high | Object of περί. |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἀδελφὸν | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀδελφὸν | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Φαέθοντα | appos | high | Apposition to Φαέθοντα. |
| 24 | πάθος | πάθος | NOUN | N-Ans | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὀδύρεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ὀδύρεσθαι. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | punct | high |
ὀψὲ δέ ποτε αὐτοὺς καλεῖσθαι Γαλάτας ἐξενίκησεν·
The infinitive καλεῖσθαι with accusative subject αὐτούς is a subject clause governed by ἐξενίκησεν; Γαλάτας is its accusative predicate complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀψὲ | ὀψέ | ADV | Adverb | _ | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | Adverb | _ | 5 καλεῖσθαι | advmod | medium | Indefinite temporal adverb, modifying the infinitival event. |
| 4 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | A-PRON | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 καλεῖσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | V-P---INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | csubj | high | Infinitival subject clause of ἐξενίκησεν. |
| 6 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N----A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 5 καλεῖσθαι | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicate complement with passive καλεῖσθαι: 'to be called Galatians'. |
| 7 | ἐξενίκησεν | ἐκνικάω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high |
Κελτοὶ γὰρ κατά τε σφᾶς τὸ ἀρχαῖον καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὠνομάζοντο.
The sentence contrasts the Celts’ ancient self-designation (κατά σφᾶς ... τὸ ἀρχαῖον) with their designation among others (παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις); the exact attachment of τε is slightly ambiguous but it belongs to the κατά ... καί coordination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κελτοὶ | Κελτός | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | nsubj | high | Ethnonym used as a plural proper noun. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G|||||||| | _ | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | κατά | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 5 σφᾶς | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative σφᾶς. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G|||||||| | _ | 3 κατά | cc | medium | First member of the correlative τε ... καί coordination. |
| 5 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | PPA-4AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἀρχαῖον | obl | high | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun in the phrase κατά σφᾶς, 'among themselves'. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-SNN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article substantivizing the neuter adjective. |
| 7 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-SNN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | advmod | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, 'in ancient times'; syntactically adverbial. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C|||||||| | _ | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the two adverbial naming contexts. |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 11 ἄλλοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative τοῖς ἄλλοις. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPN | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἄλλοις | det | high | Article agreeing with substantivized ἄλλοις. |
| 11 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the others', complement of παρά. |
| 12 | ὠνομάζοντο | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V3PIIM/P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle/passive, 'were called/named'. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὠνομάζοντο | punct | high |
συλλεγεῖσα δέ σφισι στρατιὰ τρέπεται τὴν ἐπὶ Ἰονίου, καὶ τό τε Ἰλλυριῶν ἔθνος καὶ πᾶν ὅσον ἄχρι Μακεδόνων ᾤκει καὶ Μακεδόνας αὐτοὺς ἀναστάτους ἐποίησε Θεσσαλίαν τε ἐπέδραμε.
The long καί/τε coordination shares στρατιά as subject; ἔθνος and the relative clause are interpreted as coordinated affected populations under ἐποίησε, while Θεσσαλίαν is object of the final ἐπέδραμε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συλλεγεῖσα | συλλέγω | VERB | V--APP-NFS- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 4 στρατιὰ | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with στρατιά. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τρέπεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----3D-- | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 στρατιὰ | iobj | medium | Dative of association/possession; enclitic third-person plural pronoun. |
| 4 | στρατιὰ | στρατιά | NOUN | N--S-NF- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 τρέπεται | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τρέπεται | τρέπω | VERB | V-PMI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle intransitive/deponent sense, 'turns toward'. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AFA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 7 ἐπὶ | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 τρέπεται | obl | high | Preposition governing the understood destination phrase. |
| 8 | Ἰονίου | Ἰόνιος | ADJ | A----GMS- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 ἐπὶ | nmod | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely 'the Ionian [sea]'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 τρέπεται | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Coordinates the following finite predication with τρέπεται. |
| 11 | τό | ὁ | DET | T----NNS- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 14 ἔθνος | det | high | |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἔθνος | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 13 | Ἰλλυριῶν | Ἰλλύριος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 14 ἔθνος | nmod | high | Ethnic proper-name modifier. |
| 14 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | N--S-NN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 25 ἐποίησε | nsubj | medium | Coordinated subject of ἐποίησε, with later coordinated subject material. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 πᾶν | cc | high | |
| 16 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A----NNS- | Case=Nominative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 17 ὅσον | amod | high | Agrees with the substantival ὅσον phrase. |
| 17 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | P----NNS- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Rel | 20 ᾤκει | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun introducing a relative clause; antecedent is the extent/population understood with πᾶν. |
| 18 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 Μακεδόνων | case | high | |
| 19 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N---GPM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 17 ὅσον | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἄχρι. |
| 20 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 17 ὅσον | acl:relcl | medium | Relative-clause predicate; singular agreement reflects neuter singular subject ὅσον. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Coordinates Μακεδόνας with the preceding object/affected-group phrase. |
| 22 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | N---APM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 25 ἐποίησε | obj | high | |
| 23 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P---APM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Prs | 22 Μακεδόνας | appos | high | Intensifying/appositional pronoun, 'the Macedonians themselves'. |
| 24 | ἀναστάτους | ἀνάστατος | ADJ | A---APM- | Case=Accusative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 22 Μακεδόνας | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of Μακεδόνας under ἐποίησε. |
| 25 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 τρέπεται | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with τρέπεται; subject is στρατιά, with coordinated affected groups. |
| 26 | Θεσσαλίαν | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | N---AFS- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 28 ἐπέδραμε | obj | high | |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἐπέδραμε | cc | high | Coordinates Θεσσαλίαν with the preceding object phrase. |
| 28 | ἐπέδραμε | ἐπιτρέχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 τρέπεται | conj | high | Further coordinated finite verb; subject στρατιά is understood. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 τρέπεται | punct | high |
καὶ ὡς ἐγγὺς Θερμοπυλῶν ἐγίνοντο, ἐνταῦθα οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐς τὴν ἔφοδον ἡσύχαζον τῶν βαρβάρων, ἅτε ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου μεγάλως καὶ Φιλίππου κακωθέντες πρότερον·
The opening ὡς-clause is coordinated with the main clause by καί; ἅτε introduces a causal participial adjunct, with two coordinated agents under ὑπό.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | mark | high | Temporal clause marker. |
| 3 | ἐγγὺς | ἐγγύς | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | advmod | high | Adverb governing the genitive place-name. |
| 4 | Θερμοπυλῶν | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἐγγὺς | obl | high | Genitive with ἐγγύς. |
| 5 | ἐγίνοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 15 ἡσύχαζον | advmod | high | Locative/discourse adverb. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πολλοὶ | det | high | |
| 9 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἡσύχαζον | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἡσύχαζον. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πολλοὶ | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with πολλοί. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 14 ἔφοδον | case | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔφοδον | det | high | |
| 14 | ἔφοδον | ἔφοδος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἡσύχαζον | obl | high | Prepositional temporal/occasion phrase. |
| 15 | ἡσύχαζον | ἡσυχάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐγίνοντο | conj | high | Main verb coordinated with the preceding clause. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 17 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἡσύχαζον | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective; genitive of relation/object with ἡσυχάζω. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἡσύχαζον | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 25 κακωθέντες | mark | high | Causal participial clause marker. |
| 20 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Ἀλεξάνδρου | case | high | |
| 21 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 κακωθέντες | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 22 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | _ | _ | 25 κακωθέντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κακωθέντες. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 Φιλίππου | cc | high | |
| 24 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 κακωθέντες | conj | high | Coordinated agent phrase. |
| 25 | κακωθέντες | κακόω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἡσύχαζον | advcl | high | Circumstantial/causal participle agreeing with οἱ πολλοί. |
| 26 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | _ | _ | 25 κακωθέντες | advmod | high | |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἡσύχαζον | punct | high |
καθεῖλε δὲ καὶ Ἀντίπατρος καὶ Κάσσανδρος ὕστερον τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, ὥστε ἕκαστοι διʼ ἀσθένειαν οὐδὲν αἰσχρὸν ἐνόμιζον ἀπεῖναι τὸ κατὰ σφᾶς τῆς βοηθείας.
The infinitive ἀπεῖναι is the complement of ἐνόμιζον, with τὸ κατὰ σφᾶς τῆς βοηθείας functioning as its subject; ὥστε introduces the consecutive result clause. The masculine plural ἕκαστοι is distributive with the coordinated Antipater and Cassander, while τὸ Ἑλληνικόν is a substantivized adjective as object of καθεῖλε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθεῖλε | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 καθεῖλε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 Ἀντίπατρος | cc | high | Coordinates the named subjects. |
| 4 | Ἀντίπατρος | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καθεῖλε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 Κάσσανδρος | cc | high | Coordinates the named subjects. |
| 6 | Κάσσανδρος | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀντίπατρος | conj | high | |
| 7 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καθεῖλε | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘later’. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑλληνικόν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἑλληνικόν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 καθεῖλε | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek [realm/people]’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καθεῖλε | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C | _ | 17 ἐνόμιζον | mark | high | Introduces a consecutive/result clause. |
| 12 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐνόμιζον | nsubj | high | Distributive subject referring to the two named rulers. |
| 13 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 14 ἀσθένειαν | case | high | Elided form of διά. |
| 14 | ἀσθένειαν | ἀσθένεια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνόμιζον | obl | high | Causal oblique with διά. |
| 15 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 αἰσχρὸν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘not at all’. |
| 16 | αἰσχρὸν | αἰσχρός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπεῖναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative complement of ἀπεῖναι. |
| 17 | ἐνόμιζον | νομίζω | VERB | V-3P IAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 11 ὥστε | conj | high | Main verb of the result clause. |
| 18 | ἀπεῖναι | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-ANAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 ἐνόμιζον | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐνόμιζον; means ‘to be absent/lacking’. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 κατὰ | det | high | Article substantivizing the following phrase. |
| 20 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 21 σφᾶς | case | high | Introduces the reference phrase. |
| 21 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 βοηθείας | nmod | medium | Object of κατά; phrase means ‘their own share/contingent’. |
| 22 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 βοηθείας | det | high | |
| 23 | βοηθείας | βοήθεια | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κατὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the substantivized phrase τὸ κατὰ σφᾶς. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καθεῖλε | punct | high |