Grammar parses for passage 1.4.1
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ὡς ἐγγὺς Θερμοπυλῶν ἐγίνοντο, ἐνταῦθα οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐς τὴν ἔφοδον ἡσύχαζον τῶν βαρβάρων, ἅτε ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου μεγάλως καὶ Φιλίππου κακωθέντες πρότερον·
Two main clauses are linked by καί; the final participial phrase is causal and explains the second clause’s behavior.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to previous clause. |
| 2 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 3 | ἐγγὺς | ἐγγύς | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the motion verb. |
| 4 | Θερμοπυλῶν | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἐγγὺς | nmod | medium | Proper name in genitive after ἐγγύς; likely genitive complement. |
| 5 | ἐγίνοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the temporal clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐγίνοντο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 7 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 15 ἡσύχαζον | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying ἡσύχαζον. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πολλοὶ | det | high | Article with substantive adjective πολλοὶ. |
| 9 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἡσύχαζον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἡσύχαζον. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article with Ἑλλήνων. |
| 11 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πολλοὶ | nmod | high | Partitive/whole relation with πολλοί. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 14 ἔφοδον | case | high | Preposition governing ἔφοδον. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔφοδον | det | high | Article with ἔφοδον. |
| 14 | ἔφοδον | ἔφοδος | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἡσύχαζον | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ἐς. |
| 15 | ἡσύχαζον | ἡσυχάζω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων. |
| 17 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἡσύχαζον | obl | high | Likely genitive of separation/source or relation with ἡσύχαζον. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἡσύχαζον | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 19 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 25 κακωθέντες | mark | high | Causal/comparative marker introducing participial clause. |
| 20 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Ἀλεξάνδρου | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀλεξάνδρου. |
| 21 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 κακωθέντες | obl | high | Agent in passive participial phrase. |
| 22 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | D- | _ | 25 κακωθέντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κακωθέντες. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 Φιλίππου | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀλεξάνδρου and Φιλίππου. |
| 24 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀλεξάνδρου | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with Ἀλεξάνδρου. |
| 25 | κακωθέντες | κακόω | VERB | V- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἡσύχαζον | advcl | high | Causal participle agreeing with subject οἱ πολλοί. |
| 26 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D- | _ | 25 κακωθέντες | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying participle. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἡσύχαζον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |