Grammar parses for passage 1.4.4
Open translation for this passage
καί σφισιν αὐτοί τε Δελφοὶ καὶ Φωκέων ἀντετάχθησαν οἱ τὰς πόλεις περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν οἰκοῦντες, ἀφίκετο δὲ καὶ δύναμις Αἰτωλῶν· τὸ γὰρ Αἰτωλικὸν προεῖχεν ἀκμῇ νεότητος τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον.
Two coordinated clauses are joined by καί/δέ; οἱ ... οἰκοῦντες is a substantivized participial subject of ἀντετάχθησαν, while τὸ Αἰτωλικόν is a substantivized adjective meaning the Aetolian force/contingent. The punctuation mark · is treated as sentence-internal punctuation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons opposed to them. |
| 3 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 Δελφοὶ | nmod | medium | Intensive pronoun, coordinated with Δελφοί. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Δελφοὶ | cc | high | |
| 5 | Δελφοὶ | Δελφοί | PROPN | Ne--mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the Delphians with the Phocians. |
| 7 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | Ne--gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | nmod | high | Genitive plural, likely partitive/appositional: the Phocians. |
| 8 | ἀντετάχθησαν | ἀντιτάσσω | VERB | V3PAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 οἰκοῦντες | det | high | |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 11 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | Nb---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 οἰκοῦντες | obj | high | |
| 12 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 14 Παρνασσὸν | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Παρνασσὸν | det | high | |
| 14 | Παρνασσὸν | Παρνασσός | PROPN | Ne--ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκοῦντες | obl | high | περί with accusative: around Parnassus. |
| 15 | οἰκοῦντες | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | acl | high | Substantivized participle with οἱ, subject of ἀντετάχθησαν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3AMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 ἀντετάχθησαν | conj | high | New coordinated clause; singular subject δύναμις follows. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 δύναμις | cc | high | Coordinates καί with the clause predicate. |
| 20 | δύναμις | δύναμις | NOUN | Nb---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | Ne---g-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 δύναμις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δύναμις: a force of Aetolians. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA---NN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Αἰτωλικὸν | det | high | |
| 24 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 προεῖχεν | mark | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 25 | Αἰτωλικὸν | Αἰτωλικός | ADJ | A--snn-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 προεῖχεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the Aetolian [force/contingent]’. |
| 26 | προεῖχεν | προέχω | VERB | V3PIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ἀφίκετο | parataxis | high | Explanatory clause after the punctuation. |
| 27 | ἀκμῇ | ἀκμή | NOUN | Nb---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 προεῖχεν | obl | high | Dative of respect/means: in vigor or prime. |
| 28 | νεότητος | νεότης | NOUN | Nb---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀκμῇ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀκμή: prime of youth. |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA---MA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 30 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | Nb---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 προεῖχεν | obl | high | Accusative of time when. |
| 31 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | RD---MA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 30 χρόνον | det | high | Demonstrative determiner modifying χρόνον. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
τούτων τοὺς μὲν ἐξ Ὑπερβορέων λέγουσιν ἐλθεῖν, Ὑπέροχον καὶ Ἀμάδοκον, τὸν δὲ τρίτον Πύρρον εἶναι τὸν Ἀχιλλέως·
Τοὺς μὲν ... λέγουσιν ἐλθεῖν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction; τὸν δὲ τρίτον ... εἶναι coordinates a second accusative-and-infinitive clause. The identity of the third bearer is expressed by the predicate nominative Πύρρον within the infinitive construction, with τὸν Ἀχιλλέως as an identifying genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 τοὺς | det | high | Partitive genitive modifying τοὺς μὲν / τὸν δὲ τρίτον. |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the first infinitive ἐλθεῖν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | GPM | _ | 2 τοὺς | advmod | high | Correlative μέν, opposed to δέ. |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 5 Ὑπερβορέων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 5 | Ὑπερβορέων | Ὑπερβορεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | Source/origin complement of ἐλθεῖν. |
| 6 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 7 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐλθεῖν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Ὑπέροχον | Ὑπέροχος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐλθεῖν | appos | high | Apposition naming one of the plural accusative subjects τοὺς. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 11 Ἀμάδοκον | cc | high | Coordinates the two names. |
| 11 | Ἀμάδοκον | Ἀμάδοκος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ὑπέροχον | conj | high | Second coordinated name in apposition to τοὺς. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Ἀμάδοκον | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τρίτον | det | high | Article substantivizing the ordinal phrase τὸν τρίτον. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | GPD | _ | 13 τὸν | cc | high | Correlative δέ, opposed to μέν. |
| 15 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Substantivized ordinal, accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 16 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 17 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Second coordinated infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀχιλλέως | det | high | Article introducing the identifying genitive phrase. |
| 19 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Πύρρον | nmod | high | Genitive of relationship/identification: Pyrrhus, Achilles' son or descendant. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἐναγίζουσι δὲ ἀπὸ ταύτης Δελφοὶ τῆς συμμαχίας Πύρρῳ, πρότερον ἔχοντες ἅτε ἀνδρὸς πολεμίου καὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ.
The participle ἔχοντες is circumstantial with Δελφοί; τῆς συμμαχίας is a genitive dependent on ταύτης, while ἀπό marks separation/source. ἅτε introduces the causal characterization ‘as being that of an enemy’; the ellipsis after ἔχοντες is understood as ‘holding the tomb in dishonor’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐναγίζουσι | ἐναγίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐναγίζουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ταύτης | case | high | |
| 4 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | D-DFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 συμμαχίας | det | high | Agrees with συμμαχίας. |
| 5 | Δελφοὶ | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐναγίζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 συμμαχίας | det | high | |
| 7 | συμμαχίας | συμμαχία | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Πύρρῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive with ταύτης, with the whole phrase governed by ἀπό. |
| 8 | Πύρρῳ | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐναγίζουσι | iobj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔχοντες | punct | high | |
| 10 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-AMS | Degree=Pos | 11 ἔχοντες | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative of time, ‘formerly/before’. |
| 11 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐναγίζουσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Δελφοί. |
| 12 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀνδρὸς | mark | medium | Causal/comparative particle introducing the characterization. |
| 13 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πολεμίου | nmod | high | Dependent genitive, ‘of a man’. |
| 14 | πολεμίου | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 μνῆμα | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective modifying an implicit or contextually supplied ‘man’; syntactically linked to μνῆμα through the genitive phrase. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 μνῆμα | cc | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 17 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 ἀτιμίᾳ | case | high | |
| 19 | ἀτιμίᾳ | ἀτιμία | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μνῆμα | obl | high | Prepositional complement expressing the state in which the tomb is held. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐναγίζουσι | punct | high |