Grammar parses for passage 1.4.5
Open translation for this passage
Γαλατῶν δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν διαβάντες τὰ παραθαλάσσια αὐτῆς ἐλεηλάτουν·
The genitive Γαλατῶν is a partitive/topic genitive with οἱ πολλοί; ναυσίν is instrumental, and διαβάντες is a circumstantial aorist participle modifying the subject. αὐτῆς refers to Ἀσίαν; παραθαλάσσια is substantivized neuter plural, object of ἐλεηλάτουν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | NOUN | N---GM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πολλοὶ | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the group meant by οἱ πολλοί. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐλεηλάτουν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πολλοὶ | det | high | Article substantivizing πολλοί. |
| 4 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A---NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐλεηλάτουν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἐλεηλάτουν. |
| 5 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N---DFP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 διαβάντες | obl | high | Instrumental dative, by ship. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἀσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---FAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀσίαν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀσίαν. |
| 8 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | Ne----A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 διαβάντες | obl | high | Goal of διαβάντες with ἐς. |
| 9 | διαβάντες | διαβαίνω | VERB | V---AAP-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐλεηλάτουν | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ πολλοί. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 παραθαλάσσια | det | high | Article with substantivized παραθαλάσσια. |
| 11 | παραθαλάσσια | παραθαλάσσιος | ADJ | A---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐλεηλάτουν | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, the coastal regions. |
| 12 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P---FSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 11 παραθαλάσσια | nmod | high | Possessive genitive referring to Ἀσίαν. |
| 13 | ἐλεηλάτουν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect finite predicate. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐλεηλάτουν | punct | high |
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον οἱ Πέργαμον ἔχοντες, πάλαι δὲ Τευθρανίαν καλουμένην, ἐς ταύτην Γαλάτας ἐλαύνουσιν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης.
The subject οἱ Πέργαμον ἔχοντες is a substantivized participial group: those who hold Pergamon, formerly called Teuthrania. ὕστερον is a temporal adverbial modifier; the present ἐλαύνουσιν has Γαλάτας as its object and ἐς ταύτην as goal, with ἀπὸ θαλάσσης marking departure. The antecedent of ταύτην is the place-name context (Pergamon/Teuthrania), so the reference is mildly elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὕστερον | obl:tmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐλαύνουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 ἐλαύνουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative/temporal use. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-mp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle with ἔχοντες. |
| 5 | Πέργαμον | Πέργαμος | PROPN | Neut-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Place-name, object of ἔχοντες. |
| 6 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐλαύνουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized present participle, subject of ἐλαύνουσιν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔχοντες | punct | high | |
| 8 | πάλαι | πάλαι | ADV | ADV | _ | 11 καλουμένην | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying καλουμένην. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 καλουμένην | cc | high | Connective within the parenthetical naming phrase. |
| 10 | Τευθρανίαν | Τευθρανία | PROPN | Fem-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 καλουμένην | obl | medium | Accusative place-name with καλουμένην, understood as the name by which the place was called. |
| 11 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 Πέργαμον | acl | medium | Attributive naming participle; feminine agreement is semantically with the place, while Πέργαμον is neuter. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔχοντες | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ταύτην | case | high | |
| 14 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | D-acc-fs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 ἐλαύνουσιν | obl | medium | Goal of motion; feminine form points to an understood feminine place-name, likely Τευθρανία. |
| 15 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | NOUN | N-acc-mp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐλαύνουσιν | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἐλαύνουσιν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 18 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐλαύνουσιν | obl | high | Source/departure complement of ἐλαύνουσιν. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐλαύνουσιν | punct | high |
οὗτοι μὲν δὴ τὴν ἐκτὸς Σαγγαρίου χώραν ἔσχον Ἄγκυραν πόλιν ἑλόντες Φρυγῶν, ἣν Μίδας ὁ Γορδίου πρότερον ᾤκισεν
Main verb ἔσχον governs χώραν and a supplementary participial clause Ἄγκυραν πόλιν ἑλόντες Φρυγῶν; ἣν is the accusative relative object of ᾤκισεν, with Μίδας as subject and ὁ Γορδίου as an appositional/genitival patronymic expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD.NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔσχον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 8 ἔσχον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PTCL | _ | 8 ἔσχον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF.SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 χώραν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 Σαγγαρίου | case | medium | Preposition-like adverb governing the genitive. |
| 6 | Σαγγαρίου | Σαγγάριος | PROPN | N.GEN.SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 χώραν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N.ACC.SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔσχον | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V.AOR.ACT.IND.3PL | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist form with 3rd-plural subject. |
| 9 | Ἄγκυραν | Ἄγκυρα | PROPN | N.ACC.SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἑλόντες | obj | high | Accusative object of ἑλόντες. |
| 10 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N.ACC.SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἄγκυραν | appos | high | Apposition to Ἄγκυραν. |
| 11 | ἑλόντες | αἱρέω | VERB | V.AOR.ACT.PTCP.NMP | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἔσχον | advcl | high | Conjunct participle agreeing with οὗτοι. |
| 12 | Φρυγῶν | Φρύξ | PROPN | N.GEN.PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἄγκυραν | nmod | medium | Genitive of the people/city taken: ‘of the Phrygians’; syntactically dependent on Ἄγκυραν. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἑλόντες | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | PR.ACC.FSG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 19 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ἄγκυραν πόλιν. |
| 15 | Μίδας | Μίδας | PROPN | N.NOM.SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ᾤκισεν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | D.NOM.SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Γορδίου | det | medium | Article in the patronymic/appositional phrase. |
| 17 | Γορδίου | Γόρδιος | PROPN | N.GEN.SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Μίδας | nmod | medium | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Gordias’; article-noun phrase is elliptical/appositional. |
| 18 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 ᾤκισεν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ᾤκισεν | οἰκίζω | VERB | V.AOR.ACT.IND.3SG | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 ἔσχον | parataxis | medium | Relative-clause verb; attached paratactically to the main clause because its relative antecedent is the main object. |
---ἄγκυρα δέ, ἣν ὁ Μίδας ἀνεῦρεν, ἦν ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἐν ἱερῷ Διὸς καὶ κρήνη Μίδου καλουμένη·
The relative clause ἣν ὁ Μίδας ἀνεῦρεν modifies ἄγκυρα. ἦν coordinates two predicate nominatives, ἄγκυρα and κρήνη, with καλουμένη modifying κρήνη; ἐς ἐμέ is a temporal/experiential adjunct (‘even in my time’), while ἐν ἱερῷ Διός locates the objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἄγκυρα | punct | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἄγκυρα | punct | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἄγκυρα | punct | high | |
| 4 | ἄγκυρα | ἄγκυρα | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν; coordinated semantically with κρήνη. |
| 5 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἣν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 ἀνεῦρεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent ἄγκυρα. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Μίδας | det | high | |
| 9 | Μίδας | Μίδας | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνεῦρεν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἀνεῦρεν | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | V----AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 4 ἄγκυρα | acl:relcl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἣν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V---IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate. |
| 13 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐμὲ | advmod | high | Adverbial καί (‘also/even’), associated with ἐς ἐμέ. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ἐμὲ | case | high | |
| 16 | ἐμὲ | ἐγώ | PRON | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 12 ἦν | obl | medium | Temporal/experiential complement with ἐς. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ἱερῷ | case | high | |
| 18 | ἱερῷ | ἱερός | NOUN | N--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | obl | high | Dative location with ἐν. |
| 19 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἱερῷ | nmod | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 κρήνη | cc | high | Coordinates κρήνη with ἄγκυρα as a second predicate nominative. |
| 21 | κρήνη | κρήνη | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | conj | high | Second nominative predicate coordinated with ἄγκυρα. |
| 22 | Μίδου | Μίδας | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 κρήνη | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 23 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V--PPPNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 21 κρήνη | acl | high | Passive participle modifying κρήνη: ‘called/famed as the spring of Midas’. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high |
ταύτην οἴνῳ κεράσαι Μίδαν φασὶν ἐπὶ τὴν θήραν τοῦ Σιληνοῦ---
Infinitival complement of φασίν: Μίδαν is the accusative subject of κεράσαι, ταύτην its object, and ἐπὶ τὴν θήραν τοῦ Σιληνοῦ is a temporal/goal adjunct; the dash marks are punctuation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 κεράσαι | obj | high | |
| 2 | οἴνῳ | οἶνος | NOUN | Nb-sd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 κεράσαι | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 3 | κεράσαι | κεράννυμι | VERB | V--ANA--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 φασὶν | xcomp | high | |
| 4 | Μίδαν | Μίδας | PROPN | Ne-s---ma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Prs|Number=Sing | 3 κεράσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 θήραν | case | high | Takes accusative here. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--AFA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 θήραν | det | high | |
| 8 | θήραν | θήρα | NOUN | Nb-s---fa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κεράσαι | obl | medium | Temporal/occasion adjunct: 'at/on the hunt'; attachment to the infinitive is preferred. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GMM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Σιληνοῦ | det | high | |
| 10 | Σιληνοῦ | Σιληνός | PROPN | Ne-s---mg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Oth|Number=Sing | 8 θήραν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θήραν. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 φασὶν | punct | high |
ταύτην τε δὴ τὴν Ἄγκυραν εἷλον καὶ Πεσσινοῦντα τὴν ὑπὸ τὸ ὄρος τὴν Ἄγδιστιν, ἔνθα καὶ τὸν Ἄττην τεθάφθαι λέγουσι.
The coordinated accusatives Ἄγκυραν and Πεσσινοῦντα are objects of εἷλον; ἔνθα introduces a local relative clause with λέγουσι and an accusative-plus-infinitive construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | Pd--af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 εἷλον | obj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | Pt | _ | 6 εἷλον | advmod | high | Correlative/enclitic particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Pt | _ | 6 εἷλον | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἄγκυραν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἄγκυραν | Ἄγκυρα | PROPN | Neaf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἷλον | obj | high | |
| 6 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | V2AAIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 εἷλον | cc | high | |
| 8 | Πεσσινοῦντα | Πεσσινοῦς | PROPN | Neaf | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εἷλον | obj | high | Accusative place-name coordinated with Ἄγκυραν; spelling/form is irregular. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Πεσσινοῦντα | det | high | Article agreeing with Πεσσινοῦντα in the place-name construction. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 12 ὄρος | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--an-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 12 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | Nsan | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Πεσσινοῦντα | nmod | high | Object of ὑπό in the phrase ‘under the mountain’. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἄγδιστιν | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἄγδιστιν | Ἄγδιστις | PROPN | Neaf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὄρος | appos | medium | Name of the mountain, in apposition to ὄρος. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἷλον | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 20 τεθάφθαι | advmod | high | Relative/local adverb introducing the following content clause. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 τεθάφθαι | advmod | high | Focusing particle modifying the infinitival clause. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S--am-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ἄττην | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἄττην | Ἄττης | PROPN | Neam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 τεθάφθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object-like nominal of the passive infinitive. |
| 20 | τεθάφθαι | θάπτω | VERB | VPRMPN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 21 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive governed by λέγουσι. |
| 21 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V1SPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 εἷλον | parataxis | medium | Reporting verb in a relative/local clause; the ἔνθα clause is attached to the preceding place-name. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἷλον | punct | high |