Grammar parses for passage 1.4.6
Open translation for this passage
Περγαμηνοῖς δὲ ἔστι μὲν σκῦλα ἀπὸ Γαλατῶν, ἔστι δὲ γραφὴ τὸ ἔργον τὸ πρὸς Γαλάτας ἔχουσα.
Two coordinated existential clauses: σκῦλα is the first subject, while γραφή is the second; ἔχουσα agrees with γραφή and takes τὸ ἔργον τὸ πρὸς Γαλάτας as its object, with the final article likely substantivizing/introducing the relative-like phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Περγαμηνοῖς | Περγαμηνός | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἔστι | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference with ἔστι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἔστι | cc | high | Coordinator contrasting the two existential clauses. |
| 3 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential verb; singular despite plural σκῦλα, as common with neuter plural subjects. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 3 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ. |
| 5 | σκῦλα | σκῦλον | NOUN | N-PNA----- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Γαλατῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 7 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 σκῦλα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό, modifying σκῦλα. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἔστι | conj | high | Second coordinated existential clause. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἔστι | cc | high | Coordinator corresponding to μὲν. |
| 11 | γραφὴ | γραφή | NOUN | N-NF-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject/predicate nominal of the second existential clause. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔργον | det | high | Article with ἔργον. |
| 13 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἔχουσα | obj | medium | Likely accusative object semantically governed by ἔχουσα, though form is syncretic with nominative. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἔχουσα | det | medium | Second article may introduce an attributive/relative-like phrase; its syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Γαλάτας | case | high | Preposition governing Γαλάτας. |
| 16 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἔχουσα | obl | high | Object of πρὸς in the sense ‘against the Galatians’. |
| 17 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 γραφὴ | acl | high | Participial modifier agreeing with γραφή; takes ἔργον as object. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔστι | punct | high |
ἣν δὲ νέμονται οἱ Περγαμηνοί, Καβείρων ἱεράν φασιν εἶναι τὸ ἀρχαῖον·
Relative clause ἣν ... νέμονται is the object of νέμονται, with οἱ Περγαμηνοί as subject; the following clause has φασιν as the matrix verb and an accusative-plus-infinitive construction, τὸ ἀρχαῖον being the accusative subject of εἶναι and Καβείρων ἱεράν its predicate, probably with an understood predicative complement for ἣν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | Ar | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 3 νέμονται | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | νέμονται | νέμω | VERB | V3PPIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 9 φασιν | advcl | medium | Relative clause modifying an omitted or contextually supplied antecedent; attached here to φασιν. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | ----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Περγαμηνοί | det | high | |
| 5 | Περγαμηνοί | Περγαμηνός | PROPN | NP----M- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 νέμονται | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 νέμονται | punct | high | |
| 7 | Καβείρων | Καβείρος | PROPN | NPGPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἱεράν | nmod | high | Genitive of association/possession: 'of the Cabeiri'. |
| 8 | ἱεράν | ἱερός | ADJ | A----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in the accusative-and-infinitive construction; understood subject is ἣν. |
| 9 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 φασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of φασιν. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ----NAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A----NS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of εἶναι; substantival 'the ancient [one/thing]'. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φασιν | punct | high |
αὐτοὶ δὲ Ἀρκάδες ἐθέλουσιν εἶναι τῶν ὁμοῦ Τηλέφῳ διαβάντων ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν.
The infinitive εἶναι is the complement of ἐθέλουσιν; τῶν ... διαβάντων is a genitive partitive/characterizing phrase modifying Ἀρκάδες, with ὁμοῦ adverbial and Τηλέφῳ an accompaniment dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐθέλουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐθέλουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 4 ἐθέλουσιν | nsubj | high | Appositional or clarifying subject alongside αὐτοί. |
| 4 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 διαβάντων | det | high | |
| 7 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 διαβάντων | advmod | high | Means ‘together’; modifies διαβάντων. |
| 8 | Τηλέφῳ | Τήλεφος | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NameType=Pers|Number=Sing | 9 διαβάντων | obl | medium | Dative of accompaniment with ὁμοῦ understood. |
| 9 | διαβάντων | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 Ἀρκάδες | nmod | medium | Genitive substantival/partitive participle referring to the group who crossed; syntactically dependent on Ἀρκάδες. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀσίαν | case | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀσίαν | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 9 διαβάντων | obl | high | Destination of διαβαίνω. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐθέλουσιν | punct | high |
πολέμων δὲ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων, εἰ δή τινας ἐπολέμησαν, οὐκ ἐς ἅπαντας κεχώρηκεν ἡ φήμη· τρία δὲ γνωριμώτατα ἐξείργασταί σφισι, τῆς τε Ἀσίας ἀρχὴ τῆς κάτω καὶ ἡ Γαλατῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς ἀναχώρησις καὶ τὸ ἐς τοὺς σὺν Ἀγαμέμνονι Τηλέφου τόλμημα, ὅτε Ἕλληνες ἁμαρτόντες Ἰλίου τὸ πεδίον ἐλεηλάτουν τὸ Μήιον ὡς γῆν τὴν Τρῳάδα.
The passage contains two coordinated finite clauses; the second lists three achievements, with the final τόλμημα expanded by a temporal ὅτε-clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πολέμων | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-gen-m-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 κεχώρηκεν | obl | high | Genitive of topic/partitive with μὲν...δέ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 κεχώρηκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-gen-m-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 1 πολέμων | advmod | high | Correlative μέν...δέ. |
| 5 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-gen-m-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πολέμων | amod | high | Substantival adjective. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κεχώρηκεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐπολέμησαν | mark | high | |
| 8 | δή | δή | PART | PART | _ | 10 ἐπολέμησαν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τινας | τις | PRON | P-acc-m-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 10 ἐπολέμησαν | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 κεχώρηκεν | advcl | high | Conditional parenthesis; subject is implicit. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπολέμησαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 κεχώρηκεν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἅπαντας | case | high | |
| 14 | ἅπαντας | ἅπας | ADJ | A-acc-m-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 κεχώρηκεν | obl | high | Substantival: all people. |
| 15 | κεχώρηκεν | χωρέω | VERB | V-perf-act-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-f-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 φήμη | det | high | |
| 17 | φήμη | φήμη | NOUN | N-nom-f-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κεχώρηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κεχώρηκεν | punct | high | |
| 19 | τρία | τρεῖς | NUM | M-nom-n-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐξείργασταί | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐξείργασταί | cc | high | |
| 21 | γνωριμώτατα | γνώριμος | ADJ | A-nom-n-s | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 τρία | amod | medium | Neuter plural superlative; ending is formally ambiguous in the supplied orthography. |
| 22 | ἐξείργασταί | ἐξεργάζομαι | VERB | V-perf-mid-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause after punctuation; enclitic-like σφισι is an argument. |
| 23 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-dat-3p | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 22 ἐξείργασταί | iobj | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐξείργασταί | punct | high | |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-gen-f-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Ἀσίας | det | high | |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἀρχὴ | cc | high | First member of τε...καί. |
| 27 | Ἀσίας | Ἀσία | PROPN | Np-gen-f-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀρχὴ | nmod | high | |
| 28 | ἀρχὴ | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-nom-f-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐξείργασταί | conj | high | First item in coordinated neuter plural list, with feminine noun understood as a named achievement. |
| 29 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-gen-f-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 κάτω | det | high | |
| 30 | κάτω | κάτω | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἀρχὴ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀρχή: lower/southern part. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 ἀναχώρησις | cc | high | |
| 32 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-f-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἀναχώρησις | det | high | |
| 33 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάται | PROPN | Np-gen-m-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἀναχώρησις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀναχώρησις. |
| 34 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 35 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 35 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-gen-f-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 36 ἀναχώρησις | obl | high | Refers to Asia. |
| 36 | ἀναχώρησις | ἀναχώρησις | NOUN | N-nom-f-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀρχὴ | conj | high | Second listed achievement. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 44 τόλμημα | cc | high | |
| 38 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-acc-n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 44 τόλμημα | det | high | Article substantivizing the following noun phrase. |
| 39 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 τοὺς | case | high | |
| 40 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-acc-m-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 τόλμημα | obl | high | Object of εἰς with τόλμημα. |
| 41 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 42 Ἀγαμέμνονι | case | high | |
| 42 | Ἀγαμέμνονι | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | Np-dat-m-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 τοὺς | nmod | high | |
| 43 | Τηλέφου | Τήλεφος | PROPN | Np-gen-m-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 τόλμημα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τόλμημα. |
| 44 | τόλμημα | τόλμημα | NOUN | N-acc-n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐξείργασταί | conj | high | Third listed achievement. |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 44 τόλμημα | punct | high | |
| 46 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | ADV-rel | _ | 52 ἐλεηλάτουν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 47 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Np-nom-m-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 ἐλεηλάτουν | nsubj | high | |
| 48 | ἁμαρτόντες | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-aor-act-ptcp-nom-m-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 52 ἐλεηλάτουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject controlled by Ἕλληνες. |
| 49 | Ἰλίου | Ἴλιον | PROPN | Np-gen-n-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 51 πεδίον | nmod | high | |
| 50 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-acc-n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 51 πεδίον | det | high | |
| 51 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-acc-n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 52 ἐλεηλάτουν | obj | high | |
| 52 | ἐλεηλάτουν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-impf-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 44 τόλμημα | acl:relcl | medium | Form is an imperfect of ἐλαύνω with augment/compound spelling; clause explains the exploit. |
| 53 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-acc-n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 54 Μήιον | det | high | |
| 54 | Μήιον | Μήιον | PROPN | Np-acc-n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 52 ἐλεηλάτουν | obj | medium | Place/name; appositional or second object reading is possible. |
| 55 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 56 γῆν | mark | high | Introduces predicative comparison/characterization. |
| 56 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-acc-f-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 52 ἐλεηλάτουν | obl | high | Predicative accusative with ὡς. |
| 57 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-acc-f-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 58 Τρῳάδα | det | high | |
| 58 | Τρῳάδα | Τρῳάς | PROPN | Np-acc-f-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 56 γῆν | nmod | high | Appositional specification of γῆν. |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 52 ἐλεηλάτουν | punct | high |
ἐπάνειμι δὲ ἐς τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅθεν ἐξέβην τοῦ λόγου.
The relative adverb ὅθεν introduces a clause modifying the point/topic of ἀρχήν; τοῦ λόγου is a genitive of separation/source with ἐξέβην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπάνειμι | ἐπάνειμι | VERB | V-PIA-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First-person singular present indicative; discourse return to the main topic. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπάνειμι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἀρχὴν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF-SA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Feminine singular accusative article. |
| 5 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπάνειμι | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐς with motion back to the beginning. |
| 6 | ὅθεν | ὅθεν | ADV | ADV-R | PronType=Rel | 7 ἐξέβην | advmod | high | Relative adverb meaning 'from where'; introduces the source clause. |
| 7 | ἐξέβην | ἐκβαίνω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 5 ἀρχὴν | acl:relcl | medium | Aorist first-person singular; relative clause specifying the point from which the speaker digressed. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DAM-SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λόγου | det | high | Masculine singular genitive article. |
| 9 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐξέβην | obl | medium | Genitive with ἐκ understood: 'from the discourse/topic'; syntactically dependent on ἐξέβην. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπάνειμι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |