Grammar parses for passage 1.40.1
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει κρήνη, ἥν σφισιν ᾠκοδόμησε Θεαγένης, οὗ καὶ πρότερον τούτων ἐπεμνήσθην θυγατέρα αὐτὸν συνοικίσαι Κύλωνι Ἀθηναίῳ.
The sentence has a relative clause modifying κρήνη and a parenthetical/relative recollection with an accusative-infinitive construction; the attachment of οὗ and τούτων is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 κρήνη | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 κρήνη | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πόλει | case | high | |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλει | det | high | |
| 5 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κρήνη | obl | high | |
| 6 | κρήνη | κρήνη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κρήνη | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἥν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ᾠκοδόμησε | obj | high | |
| 9 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP3 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 10 ᾠκοδόμησε | iobj | high | Dative plural pronoun, referring to the inhabitants. |
| 10 | ᾠκοδόμησε | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 6 κρήνη | acl:relcl | high | |
| 11 | Θεαγένης | Θεαγένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ᾠκοδόμησε | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾠκοδόμησε | punct | high | |
| 13 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπεμνήσθην | obl | medium | Genitive relative pronoun, likely referring to Theagenes. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 πρότερον | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί (‘also/even’). |
| 15 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 ἐπεμνήσθην | advmod | high | |
| 16 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐπεμνήσθην | obl | medium | Partitive/topic genitive with ἐπεμνήσθην; exact antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 17 | ἐπεμνήσθην | ἐπιμιμνήσκομαι | VERB | V-API-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 10 ᾠκοδόμησε | parataxis | medium | Aorist passive form used in the sense ‘I mentioned’; relative clause linkage is syntactically compressed. |
| 18 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 συνοικίσαι | obj | high | |
| 19 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 συνοικίσαι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object-complement element in the infinitival construction; antecedent is Theagenes. |
| 20 | συνοικίσαι | συνοικίζω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 17 ἐπεμνήσθην | xcomp | high | |
| 21 | Κύλωνι | Κύλων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 συνοικίσαι | obl | high | Dative complement with συνοικίζω. |
| 22 | Ἀθηναίῳ | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Κύλωνι | amod | high | |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κρήνη | punct | high |
οὗτος ὁ Θεαγένης τυραννήσας ᾠκοδόμησε τὴν κρήνην μεγέθους ἕνεκα καὶ κόσμου καὶ ἐς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν κιόνων θέας ἀξίαν·
ἕνεκα governs the genitive μεγέθους and κόσμου; ἀξίαν agrees with κρήνην and takes the coordinated ἐς-phrase as a complement specifying the spectacle of the columns.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | DET | PD-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Θεαγένης | det | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | DA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Θεαγένης | det | high | |
| 3 | Θεαγένης | Θεαγένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ᾠκοδόμησε | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τυραννήσας | τυραννέω | VERB | VAAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ᾠκοδόμησε | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle. |
| 5 | ᾠκοδόμησε | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 κρήνην | det | high | |
| 7 | κρήνην | κρήνη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ᾠκοδόμησε | obj | high | |
| 8 | μεγέθους | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἕνεκα | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἕνεκα. |
| 9 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | RG | AdpType=Post | 19 ἀξίαν | case | high | Postposition; dependent on the coordinated genitive phrase. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 κόσμου | cc | high | |
| 11 | κόσμου | κόσμος | NOUN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μεγέθους | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with μεγέθους. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀξίαν | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἀξίαν complements. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 15 πλῆθος | case | high | |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DANSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πλῆθος | det | high | |
| 15 | πλῆθος | πλῆθος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἀξίαν | obl | high | ἐς τὸ πλῆθος means ‘in respect of abundance/number’. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 κιόνων | det | high | |
| 17 | κιόνων | κίων | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πλῆθος | nmod | high | |
| 18 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀξίαν | obl | medium | Genitive of respect/criterion with ἀξίαν: ‘worthy of viewing’. |
| 19 | ἀξίαν | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-AFS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κρήνην | amod | high | Predicative/resultative adjective agreeing with κρήνην. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ᾠκοδόμησε | punct | high |
τὰς δὲ Σιθνίδας νύμφας λέγουσι Μεγαρεῖς εἶναι μέν σφισιν ἐπιχωρίας, μιᾷ δὲ αὐτῶν θυγατρὶ συγγενέσθαι Δία, Μέγαρόν τε παῖδα ὄντα Διὸς καὶ ταύτης δὴ τῆς νύμφης ἐκφυγεῖν τὴν ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνός ποτε ἐπομβρίαν, ἐκφυγεῖν δὲ πρὸς τὰ ἄκρα τῆς Γερανίας,
Complex λέγουσι + accusative-and-infinitive construction. Tokens 29 and 36 are coordinated infinitival predicates; μιᾷ θυγατρί is dative with συγγενέσθαι, while Μέγαρον is the accusative subject of the second infinitive. Some attachment choices, especially the repeated ἐκφυγεῖν, are interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA--AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 νύμφας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 λέγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Σιθνίδας | Σιθνίς | ADJ | A--AF-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 νύμφας | amod | medium | Ethnic/adjectival name modifying νύμφας. |
| 4 | νύμφας | νύμφη | NOUN | N--AF-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 λέγουσι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival proposition. |
| 5 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | Μεγαρεῖς | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | The Megarians are the subject of λέγουσι. |
| 7 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπιχωρίας | cop | high | Infinitival predicate with ἐπιχωρίας. |
| 8 | μέν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 7 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 9 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DD-P- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 10 ἐπιχωρίας | obl | high | Dative of relation/association, ‘for them’. |
| 10 | ἐπιχωρίας | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A--AF-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 ἐκφυγεῖν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with νύμφας; εἶναι is its copula. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπιχωρίας | punct | high | |
| 12 | μιᾷ | εἷς | NUM | A--DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 θυγατρὶ | det | high | ‘One [of them]’; numeral determiner. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 συγγενέσθαι | cc | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P---GFP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 θυγατρὶ | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with μιᾷ. |
| 15 | θυγατρὶ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N--DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 συγγενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative complement of συγγενέσθαι. |
| 16 | συγγενέσθαι | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἐκφυγεῖν | conj | medium | Aorist infinitive coordinated with the following infinitival report. |
| 17 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--AM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συγγενέσθαι | obj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 συγγενέσθαι | punct | high | |
| 19 | Μέγαρόν | Μέγαρος | PROPN | N--AM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐκφυγεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἐκφυγεῖν. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 παῖδα | cc | high | |
| 21 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N--AM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ὄντα | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with ὄντα. |
| 22 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPAM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 29 ἐκφυγεῖν | advcl | high | Participial predicate referring to Μέγαρον. |
| 23 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--GM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ταύτης | cc | high | |
| 25 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | A--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage, coordinated with Διός. |
| 26 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 28 νύμφης | advmod | high | |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 νύμφης | det | high | |
| 28 | νύμφης | νύμφη | NOUN | N--GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ταύτης | nmod | high | Appositional clarification of ταύτης. |
| 29 | ἐκφυγεῖν | ἐκφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Main reported infinitive, with Μέγαρον as accusative subject. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἐπομβρίαν | det | high | |
| 31 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 Δευκαλίωνός | case | high | |
| 32 | Δευκαλίωνός | Δευκαλίων | PROPN | N--GM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἐπομβρίαν | nmod | high | Genitive with ἐπί, temporal reference. |
| 33 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 34 ἐπομβρίαν | advmod | high | Indefinite temporal adverb. |
| 34 | ἐπομβρίαν | ἐπομβρία | NOUN | N--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐκφυγεῖν | obj | high | |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐκφυγεῖν | punct | high | |
| 36 | ἐκφυγεῖν | ἐκφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἐκφυγεῖν | conj | high | Repetition/coordination of the reported infinitive. |
| 37 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 36 ἐκφυγεῖν | cc | high | |
| 38 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 40 ἄκρα | case | high | |
| 39 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA--AN-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 40 ἄκρα | det | high | |
| 40 | ἄκρα | ἄκρον | NOUN | N--AN-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 ἐκφυγεῖν | obl | high | Destination with πρός. |
| 41 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 Γερανίας | det | high | |
| 42 | Γερανίας | Γερανία | PROPN | N--GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 ἄκρα | nmod | high | |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἐκφυγεῖν | punct | high |
οὐκ ἔχοντός πω τοῦ ὄρους τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ ---νήχεσθαι γὰρ πετομένων γεράνων πρὸς τὴν βοὴν τῶν ὀρνίθων αὐτόν---διὰ τοῦτο Γερανίαν τὸ ὄρος ὀνομασθῆναι.
Main construction: accusative-and-infinitive ὄνομα ... Γερανίαν ... ὀνομασθῆναι depends on an understood passive reporting verb; οὐκ ἔχοντος ... is a genitive absolute. The parenthetical γὰρ clause explains the name, with πετομένων γεράνων as a genitive absolute and αὐτόν as the subject of νήχεσθαι. The three hyphens are editorial dash tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 2 ἔχοντός | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἔχοντός | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with τοῦ ὄρους. |
| 3 | πω | πω | ADV | D | _ | 2 ἔχοντός | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὄρους | det | high | |
| 5 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἔχοντός | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 7 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject-like argument of the infinitive. |
| 8 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 ὄνομα | det | high | Demonstrative modifier of ὄνομα. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C | _ | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | cc | high | Adversative coordination/continuation. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 νήχεσθαι | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 νήχεσθαι | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 νήχεσθαι | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 14 | νήχεσθαι | νήχω | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical infinitive; middle form is lexically/semantically difficult and may reflect textual or editorial issue. |
| 15 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | C | _ | 14 νήχεσθαι | mark | high | |
| 16 | πετομένων | πέτομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 νήχεσθαι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with γεράνων; participle agrees formally with feminine/neuter genitive plural. |
| 17 | γεράνων | γέρανος | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 πετομένων | nsubj | high | Subject of πετομένων. |
| 18 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 20 βοὴν | case | high | |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 βοὴν | det | high | |
| 20 | βοὴν | βοή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πετομένων | obl | high | Prepositional complement associated with πετομένων. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ὀρνίθων | det | high | |
| 22 | ὀρνίθων | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 βοὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βοήν. |
| 23 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 νήχεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive νήχεσθαι; referent is uncertain from the supplied excerpt. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 νήχεσθαι | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 νήχεσθαι | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 νήχεσθαι | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 27 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 28 τοῦτο | case | high | With τοῦτο, causal διά + accusative. |
| 28 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | obl | high | Causal phrase διά τοῦτο. |
| 29 | Γερανίαν | Γερανία | PROPN | Neut-A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 31 ὄρος | amod | high | Feminine accusative predicative name modifying ὄρος. |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 31 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject-like argument of ὀνομασθῆναι. |
| 32 | ὀνομασθῆναι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-APN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive infinitive in an accusative-and-infinitive construction; governing finite verb is omitted/understood. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ὀνομασθῆναι | punct | high |