Grammar parses for passage 1.40.2
Open translation for this passage
τῆς δὲ κρήνης οὐ πόρρω ταύτης ἀρχαῖόν ἐστιν ἱερόν,
The phrase τῆς δὲ κρήνης ... ταύτης is interpreted as a genitive-distance construction with πόρρω; ταύτης is analyzed as a demonstrative determiner/coreferential modifier of κρήνης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κρήνης | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 πόρρω | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | κρήνης | κρήνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόρρω | obl | high | Genitive of reference/separation with πόρρω. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 πόρρω | advmod | high | |
| 5 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Predicate adverbial with ἐστίν. |
| 6 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κρήνης | det | medium | Anaphoric genitive modifying κρήνης; possibly construed substantivally. |
| 7 | ἀρχαῖόν | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερόν | amod | high | Neuter nominative predicate adjective. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject; lemma treated as noun ἱερόν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high |
εἰκόνες δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἑστᾶσιν ἐν αὐτῷ βασιλέων Ῥωμαίων καὶ ἄγαλμα τε κεῖται χαλκοῦν Ἀρτέμιδος ἐπίκλησιν Σωτείρας.
Two coordinated predications share the locative ἐν αὐτῷ: εἰκόνες ... ἑστᾶσιν and ἄγαλμα ... κεῖται. The phrase Ἀρτέμιδος ἐπίκλησιν Σωτείρας is syntactically compressed and has been analyzed as the statue of Artemis, by the epithet Soteira.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰκόνες | εἰκών | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἑστᾶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἑστᾶσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἡμῶν | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 4 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1G | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 ἑστᾶσιν | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἑστᾶσιν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active form meaning ‘stand/be set up’; spelling may reflect a stative perfect. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-3D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἑστᾶσιν | obl | high | Refers to the preceding location/building. |
| 8 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰκόνες | nmod | high | |
| 9 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 βασιλέων | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying βασιλέων. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 κεῖται | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Correlative enclitic coordinating the second clause/subject. |
| 13 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PNI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 5 ἑστᾶσιν | conj | high | Deponent/stative verb, ‘lies/is placed’. |
| 14 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | |
| 15 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | |
| 16 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Σωτείρας | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/denomination with Σωτείρας: ‘by the epithet’. |
| 17 | Σωτείρας | Σώτειρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀρτέμιδος | nmod | medium | Genitive in the phrase Ἄρτεμις ἐπίκλησιν Σωτείρας, specifying the epithet/name. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 ἑστᾶσιν | punct | high |
φασὶ δὲ ἄνδρας τοῦ Μαρδονίου στρατοῦ καταδραμόντας τὴν Μεγαρίδα ἀποχωρεῖν ἐς Θήβας ὀπίσω παρὰ Μαρδόνιον ἐθέλειν, γνώμῃ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος νύκτα τε ὁδοιποροῦσιν ἐπιγενέσθαι καὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ σφᾶς ἁμαρτόντας ἐς τὴν ὀρεινὴν τραπέσθαι τῆς χώρας·
Reported infinitival construction: φασί governs ἀποχωρεῖν, with ἐθέλειν dependent on it; ἐπιγενέσθαι and τραπέσθαι continue the reported account. The syntax of νύκτα with ἐπιγενέσθαι is idiomatic and represented as its accusative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 φασὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀποχωρεῖν | csubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 στρατοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | Μαρδονίου | Μαρδόνιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 στρατοῦ | nmod | high | |
| 6 | στρατοῦ | στρατός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἄνδρας | nmod | high | Partitive/possessive genitive with ἄνδρας. |
| 7 | καταδραμόντας | κατατρέχω | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποχωρεῖν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, circumstantial. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Μεγαρίδα | det | high | |
| 9 | Μεγαρίδα | Μεγαρίς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 καταδραμόντας | obj | high | Region name. |
| 10 | ἀποχωρεῖν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Θήβας | case | high | |
| 12 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀποχωρεῖν | obl | high | |
| 13 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ἀποχωρεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Μαρδόνιον | case | high | |
| 15 | Μαρδόνιον | Μαρδόνιος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐθέλειν | obl | high | Motion back to Mardonius. |
| 16 | ἐθέλειν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποχωρεῖν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἀποχωρεῖν: wanting to return. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποχωρεῖν | punct | high | |
| 18 | γνώμῃ | γνώμη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπιγενέσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of agency/instrument with γνώμῃ Ἀρτέμιδος. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 24 ἐπιγενέσθαι | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 γνώμῃ | nmod | high | Possessive/subjective genitive. |
| 21 | νύκτα | νύξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπιγενέσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object-like complement of ἐπιγενέσθαι; idiomatically night came on. |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ὁδοιποροῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 23 | ὁδοιποροῦσιν | ὁδοιπορέω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπιγενέσθαι | advcl | high | Dative participle, ‘while traveling’. |
| 24 | ἐπιγενέσθαι | ἐπιγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 10 ἀποχωρεῖν | conj | high | Second reported infinitive coordinated with the first. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 33 τραπέσθαι | cc | high | |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ὁδοῦ | det | high | |
| 27 | ὁδοῦ | ὁδός | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἁμαρτόντας | obl | high | Genitive with ἁμαρτάνω, ‘miss the road’. |
| 28 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 ἁμαρτόντας | obj | high | |
| 29 | ἁμαρτόντας | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-2AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 33 τραπέσθαι | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with σφᾶς. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 ὀρεινὴν | case | high | |
| 31 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ὀρεινὴν | det | high | |
| 32 | ὀρεινὴν | ὀρεινός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 τραπέσθαι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘mountainous [part]’. |
| 33 | τραπέσθαι | τρέπω | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐπιγενέσθαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive, with καί. |
| 34 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 χώρας | det | high | |
| 35 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ὀρεινὴν | nmod | high | Genitive modifying substantivized ὀρεινήν. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φασὶ | punct | high |
πειρωμένους δὲ εἰ στράτευμα ἐγγὺς εἴη πολέμιον ἀφιέναι τῶν βελῶν, καὶ τὴν πλησίον πέτραν στένειν βαλλομένην, τοὺς δὲ αὖθις τοξεύειν προθυμίᾳ πλέονι.
Participles and infinitives form an accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on an understood governing verb; εἰ στράτευμα ... εἴη is an embedded indirect question/condition, and βαλλομένην agrees with πέτραν. The precise attachment of the infinitival clauses is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πειρωμένους | πειράω | VERB | V-PPM-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἀφιέναι | advcl | medium | Circumstantial middle participle; understood subject is the men. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 1 πειρωμένους | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C- | _ | 6 εἴη | mark | high | Introduces the conditional content. |
| 4 | στράτευμα | στράτευμα | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 εἴη | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐγγὺς | ἐγγύς | ADV | D- | _ | 6 εἴη | advmod | high | Adverb meaning near/nearby. |
| 6 | εἴη | εἰμί | AUX | V-OPX-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἀφιέναι | ccomp | medium | Optative in the embedded εἰ-clause. |
| 7 | πολέμιον | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 στράτευμα | amod | high | Predicative adjective with στράτευμα; accusative form is formally identical to nominative neuter. |
| 8 | ἀφιέναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 πειρωμένους | xcomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated in the reported action sequence. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 βελῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | βελῶν | βέλος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφιέναι | obj | high | Genitive object/source with ἀφίημι. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀφιέναι | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 16 στένειν | cc | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πέτραν | det | high | |
| 14 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | D- | _ | 15 πέτραν | advmod | high | Adverb used attributively, ‘nearby’. |
| 15 | πέτραν | πέτρα | NOUN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 στένειν | obj | high | |
| 16 | στένειν | στένω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἀφιέναι | conj | medium | Infinitive coordinated with ἀφιέναι; πέτραν is its accusative subject/object-like argument. |
| 17 | βαλλομένην | βάλλω | VERB | V-PPM-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 πέτραν | acl | high | Agrees with πέτραν; passive ‘being struck’. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 στένειν | punct | high | |
| 19 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 τοξεύειν | det | high | Article substantivizes the following understood/elliptical group. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 22 τοξεύειν | cc | high | |
| 21 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D- | _ | 22 τοξεύειν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | τοξεύειν | τοξεύω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἀφιέναι | conj | medium | Third coordinated infinitive; τοὺς is its accusative subject, with an implied noun such as ἄνδρας. |
| 23 | προθυμίᾳ | προθυμία | NOUN | N-SFI | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 τοξεύειν | obl | high | Dative of manner. |
| 24 | πλέονι | πολύς | ADJ | A-SDI-C | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 προθυμίᾳ | amod | high | Comparative agrees with προθυμίᾳ. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀφιέναι | punct | high |