Grammar parses for passage 1.41.6
Open translation for this passage
φαίνεται δὲ τελευτήσαντος Νίσου καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων Μεγαρεῦσιν ἐφθαρμένων ὑπὸ τοῦτον Ἀλκάθους ἀφικόμενος τὸν καιρὸν ἐξ Ἤλιδος·
The sentence is an impersonal φαίνεται construction with a genitive absolute (τελευτήσαντος Νίσου καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων ... ἐφθαρμένων); Ἀλκάθους is genitive with ὑπό, and ἀφικόμενος agrees with the understood nominative subject of φαίνεται. The phrase τοῦτον ... τὸν καιρόν is an accusative temporal/demonstrative frame, with τοῦτον agreeing attributively with καιρόν despite intervening Ἀλκάθους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνεται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/main predicate; middle form with intransitive ‘appear/seem’ sense. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φαίνεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | V-APA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἐφθαρμένων | advcl | high | Part of genitive absolute. |
| 4 | Νίσου | Νῖσος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolutive subject. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐφθαρμένων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive-absolute participles. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πραγμάτων | det | high | Article modifying πραγμάτων. |
| 7 | πραγμάτων | πρᾶγμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐφθαρμένων | nsubj | high | Second genitive-absolutive subject. |
| 8 | Μεγαρεῦσιν | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐφθαρμένων | iobj | medium | Dative of reference: ‘for the Megarians’; could be analyzed as oblique argument of ἐφθαρμένων. |
| 9 | ἐφθαρμένων | φθείρω | VERB | V-RPP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 3 τελευτήσαντος | conj | high | Perfect passive participle coordinated with τελευτήσαντος in genitive absolute. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ἀλκάθους | case | high | Agent preposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 καιρὸν | det | medium | Demonstrative agreeing with καιρόν; syntactically separated by the ὑπό phrase. |
| 12 | Ἀλκάθους | Ἀλκάθοος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφικόμενος | obl | high | Genitive object of ὑπό, agent of the destruction. |
| 13 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 φαίνεται | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, nominative masculine singular, agreeing with an understood subject of φαίνεται. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 καιρὸν | det | high | Article modifying καιρόν. |
| 15 | καιρὸν | καιρός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφικόμενος | obl | medium | Accusative temporal/frame expression with ἀφικόμενος; τοῦτον is its demonstrative modifier. |
| 16 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Ἤλιδος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 17 | Ἤλιδος | Ἦλις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφικόμενος | obl | high | Place of origin with ἀφικόμενος. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φαίνεται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
μαρτύριον δέ μοι·
Elliptical phrase: μαρτύριον is an accusative predicate/object-like noun, with δέ coordinating or marking continuation; μοι is a dative of reference. The omitted verb is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτύριον | μαρτύριον | NOUN | ---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Nominal predicate or elliptical accusative construction; omitted verb is not recoverable from this fragment. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 μαρτύριον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | RPDS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 μαρτύριον | iobj | high | First-person singular dative pronoun, likely dative of reference. |
| 4 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μαρτύριον | punct | high |
τὸ γὰρ τεῖχος ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἅτε τοῦ περιβόλου τοῦ ἀρχαίου καθαιρεθέντος ὑπὸ τῶν Κρητῶν.
The clause has a genitive absolute, ἅτε τοῦ περιβόλου τοῦ ἀρχαίου καθαιρεθέντος ὑπὸ τῶν Κρητῶν, expressing the circumstance that the ancient enclosure had been demolished by the Cretans.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 4 ᾠκοδόμησεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obj | high | Neuter subject/object form; construed as object of ᾠκοδόμησεν. |
| 4 | ᾠκοδόμησεν | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 6 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 6 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obl | high | Temporal/source adjunct: from the beginning. |
| 7 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 12 καθαιρεθέντος | mark | high | Introduces the genitive absolute. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 περιβόλου | det | high | |
| 9 | περιβόλου | περίβολος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καθαιρεθέντος | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀρχαίου | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀρχαίου | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 περιβόλου | amod | high | Substantivally specifies the ancient enclosure. |
| 12 | καθαιρεθέντος | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-APP-GSM | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 4 ᾠκοδόμησεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with ἅτε; passive aorist participle. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 15 Κρητῶν | case | high | |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Κρητῶν | det | high | |
| 15 | Κρητῶν | Κρής | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 καθαιρεθέντος | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ᾠκοδόμησεν | punct | high |
Ἀλκάθου μὲν καὶ τοῦ λέοντος, εἴτε ἐν τῷ Κιθαιρῶνι αὐτὸν εἴτε καὶ ἑτέρωθι ἀποκτείνας ναὸν Ἀγροτέρας Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἐποίησεν Ἀγραίου, ἐς τοσόνδε ἔστω μνήμη·
The opening genitives form the topic of μνήμη; ἀποκτείνας is a concessive/temporal participle with implicit subject (likely Alcathous), while ἐποίησεν governs ναόν and the coordinated genitives Ἀρτέμιδος/Ἀπόλλωνος. The coordination with εἴτε...εἴτε... is syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλκάθου | Ἀλκάθοος | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 μνήμη | nmod | high | Genitive topic/association with μνήμη. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 Ἀλκάθου | discourse | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 Ἀλκάθου | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive topics. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L---gsm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λέοντος | det | high | |
| 5 | λέοντος | λέων | NOUN | N---gsm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἀλκάθου | conj | high | Second genitive topic coordinated with Ἀλκάθου. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 1 Ἀλκάθου | punct | high | |
| 7 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἀποκτείνας | mark | high | First member of εἴτε...εἴτε. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Κιθαιρῶνι | case | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L---dsm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κιθαιρῶνι | det | high | |
| 10 | Κιθαιρῶνι | Κιθαιρών | PROPN | N---dsm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀποκτείνας | obl | high | Locative ἐν-phrase. |
| 11 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 15 ἀποκτείνας | obj | high | Object of ἀποκτείνας. |
| 12 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἑτέρωθι | mark | high | Second member of εἴτε...εἴτε. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἑτέρωθι | cc | high | Adverbial/intensifying καί with ἑτέρωθι. |
| 14 | ἑτέρωθι | ἕτερος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 ἀποκτείνας | obl | medium | Adverbial locative, ‘elsewhere’; coordinated semantically with ἐν τῷ Κιθαιρῶνι. |
| 15 | ἀποκτείνας | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V---sapamn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐποίησεν | advcl | medium | Aorist participle; implicit subject is not overt and is understood from context. |
| 16 | ναὸν | ναός | NOUN | N---asm- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 17 | Ἀγροτέρας | ἀγρότερος | ADJ | A---gf-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀρτέμιδος | amod | high | Epithet agreeing with Ἀρτέμιδος. |
| 18 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ναὸν | nmod | high | Divine genitive dependent on ναόν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Ἀπόλλωνος | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N---gm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀρτέμιδος | conj | high | Coordinated divine genitive. |
| 21 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V---saa-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 ἔστω | advcl | high | Finite verb in the subordinate/topic-setting clause before the main imperative-like expression. |
| 22 | Ἀγραίου | Ἀγραῖος | ADJ | A---gm-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀπόλλωνος | appos | medium | Likely epithet of Apollo, agreeing with Ἀπόλλωνος. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 21 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 τοσόνδε | case | high | |
| 25 | τοσόνδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | A---asn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 μνήμη | obl | high | Accusative extent/degree with μνήμη. |
| 26 | ἔστω | εἰμί | AUX | Vmpa3s | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main third-person imperative, ‘let there be/remain’. |
| 27 | μνήμη | μνήμη | NOUN | N---nsm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἔστω | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστω. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 26 ἔστω | punct | high |
ἐκ τούτου δὲ τοῦ ἱεροῦ κατιοῦσι Πανδίονός ἐστιν ἡρῷον.
The clause means ‘as one goes down from this sanctuary, there is a heroon of Pandion’; κατιοῦσι is a dative plural participle with an implicit generic/reader subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 6 κατιοῦσι | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἱεροῦ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ἱεροῦ. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἱεροῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | ἱεροῦ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 κατιοῦσι | obl | high | Object of ἐκ. |
| 6 | κατιοῦσι | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PPADN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Present active dative masculine plural participle, with implicit subject; governs the following locative/identifying clause. |
| 7 | Πανδίονός | Πανδίων | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἡρῷον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἡρῷον. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἡρῷον | ἡρῷον | NOUN | N--NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate/existential subject: ‘there is a heroon of Pandion’. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ ὅτι μὲν ἐτάφη Πανδίων ἐν Αἰθυίας Ἀθηνᾶς καλουμένῳ σκοπέλῳ, δεδήλωκεν ὁ λόγος ἤδη μοι·
The ὅτι-clause is a fronted content clause, marked by μὲν and functioning as the object/content of δεδήλωκεν; ἐν Αἰθυίας Ἀθηνᾶς καλουμένῳ σκοπέλῳ is a locative phrase, with καλουμένῳ agreeing with σκοπέλῳ. The final μοι is a dative of the interested person with δεδήλωκεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 δεδήλωκεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐτάφη | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 4 ἐτάφη | discourse | high | Correlative particle; the expected δέ is absent or follows outside the excerpt. |
| 4 | ἐτάφη | θάπτω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 12 δεδήλωκεν | ccomp | high | Passive aorist of θάπτω, 'was buried'. |
| 5 | Πανδίων | Πανδίων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτάφη | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 σκοπέλῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Αἰθυίας | Αἰθυία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀθηνᾶς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on Ἀθηνᾶς, likely a place-name or cult designation. |
| 8 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 σκοπέλῳ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier within the place designation. |
| 9 | καλουμένῳ | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 10 σκοπέλῳ | acl | high | Present passive participle, agreeing with σκοπέλῳ. |
| 10 | σκοπέλῳ | σκοπέλος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτάφη | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 δεδήλωκεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | δεδήλωκεν | δηλόω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 λόγος | det | high | |
| 14 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 δεδήλωκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 δεδήλωκεν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 12 δεδήλωκεν | iobj | high | Dative of the interested person ('to me'). |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 δεδήλωκεν | punct | high |