Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.41.8

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Passage 1.41.8

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3sentences parsed

72Greek tokens

2,369input tokens

5,237output tokens

Sentence 2

1.41.8 sentence 2

Tokens: 36
Input: 903
Output: 2,438
Total: 3,341

ἐβασίλευσε δὲ ὁ Τηρεύς, ὡς μὲν λέγουσιν οἱ Μεγαρεῖς, περὶ τὰς Παγὰς τὰς καλουμένας τῆς Μεγαρίδος, ὡς δὲ ἐγώ τε δοκῶ καὶ τεκμήρια ἐς τόδε λείπεται, Δαυλίδος ἦρχε τῆς ὑπὲρ Χαιρωνείας·

Τηρεύς is the subject of ἐβασίλευσε; the first ὡς-clause reports the Megarians' localization, while the second presents the annotator's preferred identification. In the final clause, ἦρχε governs the genitive Δαυλίδος and the attributive/location phrase τῆς ὑπὲρ Χαιρωνείας; λείπεται is impersonal/passive in the evidential parenthesis.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐβασίλευσε	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐβασίλευσε	cc	high
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Τηρεύς	det	high
4	Τηρεύς	Τηρεύς	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἐβασίλευσε	nsubj	high
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐβασίλευσε	punct	high
6	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	8 λέγουσιν	mark	high
7	μὲν	μέν	PART	PRT	_	8 λέγουσιν	advmod	high
8	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Active	1 ἐβασίλευσε	parataxis	high
9	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 Μεγαρεῖς	det	high
10	Μεγαρεῖς	Μεγαρεύς	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 λέγουσιν	nsubj	high
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 λέγουσιν	punct	high
12	περὶ	περί	ADP	P	_	14 Παγὰς	case	high
13	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	14 Παγὰς	det	high
14	Παγὰς	Παγαί	PROPN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 λέγουσιν	obl	high
15	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	16 καλουμένας	det	high
16	καλουμένας	καλέω	VERB	V-PPM-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Middle	14 Παγὰς	acl	high
17	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 Μεγαρίδος	det	high
18	Μεγαρίδος	Μεγαρίς	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 Παγὰς	nmod	high
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 λέγουσιν	punct	high
20	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	24 δοκῶ	mark	high
21	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 δοκῶ	cc	high
22	ἐγώ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1NS	Case=Nom\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	24 δοκῶ	nsubj	high
23	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 δοκῶ	cc	high
24	δοκῶ	δοκέω	VERB	V-PAI-1S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Active	1 ἐβασίλευσε	parataxis	high
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 λείπεται	cc	medium	Coordinates τεκμήρια with the first-person evidential assertion; exact scope is slightly elliptical.
26	τεκμήρια	τεκμήριον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 λείπεται	nsubj	medium	Accusative form is syntactically the subject of impersonal/passive λείπεται in the evidential construction.
27	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	28 τόδε	case	high
28	τόδε	ὅδε	PRON	D-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	29 λείπεται	obl	high	Temporal/extent-like phrase ‘up to this point’.
29	λείπεται	λείπω	VERB	V-PPM-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Middle	24 δοκῶ	conj	medium	Passive/middle form in an impersonal evidential clause; coordinated with δοκῶ under καί.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐβασίλευσε	punct	high
31	Δαυλίδος	Δαυλίς	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 ἦρχε	obj	high	Genitive object/area governed by ἦρχε.
32	ἦρχε	ἄρχω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	1 ἐβασίλευσε	parataxis	high
33	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 Χαιρωνείας	det	high
34	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	P	_	35 Χαιρωνείας	case	high
35	Χαιρωνείας	Χαιρώνεια	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 ἦρχε	nmod	high	With ὑπέρ, specifies the region beyond/above Chaeronea.
36	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐβασίλευσε	punct	high

Sentence 3

1.41.8 sentence 3

Tokens: 11
Input: 661
Output: 898
Total: 1,559

πάλαι γὰρ τῆς νῦν καλουμένης Ἑλλάδος βάρβαροι τὰ πολλὰ ᾤκησαν.

The adverb πάλαι modifies the verb; γάρ is a postpositive causal coordinator. The genitive phrase τῆς νῦν καλουμένης Ἑλλάδος is a genitive of the whole/territory with πολλὰ understood as ‘for the most part’ modifying the object τὰ (i.e. much of the land), while βάρβαροι is the subject and ᾤκησαν the root.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πάλαι	πάλαι	ADV	Adverb	_	10 ᾤκησαν	advmod	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	Conjunction	_	10 ᾤκησαν	discourse	high	Postpositive causal connective.
3	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 Ἑλλάδος	det	high
4	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	Adverb	_	5 καλουμένης	advmod	high
5	καλουμένης	καλέω	VERB	V-PMP-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	6 Ἑλλάδος	acl	high	Present passive participle, agreeing with τῆς ... Ἑλλάδος.
6	Ἑλλάδος	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ᾤκησαν	obl	medium	Genitive dependent on the geographical/partitive object phrase.
7	βάρβαροι	βάρβαρος	NOUN	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ᾤκησαν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, subject of ᾤκησαν.
8	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 πολλὰ	det	high
9	πολλὰ	πολύς	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 ᾤκησαν	obj	medium	Substantivized neuter plural, ‘much/the greater part’; τὰ πολλὰ is the object of ᾤκησαν.
10	ᾤκησαν	οἰκέω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist active indicative.
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	10 ᾤκησαν	punct	high

Sentence 4

1.41.8 sentence 4

Tokens: 25
Input: 805
Output: 1,901
Total: 2,706

ἐπεὶ δὲ ἦν καὶ Τηρεῖ τὰ ἐς Φιλομήλαν ἐξειργασμένα καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν Ἴτυν ὑπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν, ἑλεῖν σφᾶς ὁ Τηρεὺς οὐκ ἐδύνατο·

The impersonal ἦν governs the coordinated neuter subjects τὰ ... ἐξειργασμένα and τὰ ...; Τηρεῖ is dative of reference, while ἑλεῖν is the complementary infinitive of ἐδύνατο with σφᾶς as its accusative subject. The participle phrase ὑπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν is an agent phrase; ἐπεὶ introduces the causal/temporal subordinate clause.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπεὶ	ἐπεί	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Rel	3 ἦν	mark	high	Subordinator introducing the subordinate clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἦν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Act	24 ἐδύνατο	advcl	high	Imperfect of εἰμί, impersonal here: 'it was possible/there was'.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 τὰ	cc	high	Coordinates the two neuter nominal groups.
5	Τηρεῖ	Τηρεύς	PROPN	N-DMD-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἦν	iobj	high	Dative of reference with ἦν.
6	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 ἦν	nsubj	high	First coordinated neuter subject; article substantivizes the participle.
7	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	8 Φιλομήλαν	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
8	Φιλομήλαν	Φιλομήλα	PROPN	N-ASF-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ἐξειργασμένα	obl	high	Accusative complement of ἐς.
9	ἐξειργασμένα	ἐξεργάζομαι	VERB	V-RMPNP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	6 τὰ	acl	high	Perfect passive participle agreeing with τὰ.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 τὰ	cc	high	Coordinates the second nominal group.
11	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 ἦν	conj	high	Second coordinated neuter subject; article substantivizes the implied participial expression.
12	περὶ	περί	ADP	P	_	14 Ἴτυν	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
13	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Ἴτυν	det	high	Article with Ἴτυν.
14	Ἴτυν	Ἴτυς	PROPN	N-ASM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 τὰ	obl	high	Object of περί in the phrase περὶ τὸν Ἴτυν.
15	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	17 γυναικῶν	case	high	Agent preposition with a passive participle.
16	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPF	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	17 γυναικῶν	det	high	Article modifying γυναικῶν.
17	γυναικῶν	γυνή	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 ἐξειργασμένα	obl:agent	high	Agent of ἐξειργασμένα; semantically also applies to the coordinated second item.
18	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	24 ἐδύνατο	punct	high
19	ἑλεῖν	αἱρέω	VERB	V-2AAN	Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	24 ἐδύνατο	xcomp	high	Aorist infinitive complementary to ἐδύνατο.
20	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-AP	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	19 ἑλεῖν	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἑλεῖν.
21	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 Τηρεὺς	det	high	Article with Τηρεύς.
22	Τηρεὺς	Τηρεύς	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ἐδύνατο	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐδύνατο.
23	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 ἐδύνατο	advmod	high	Negates ἐδύνατο.
24	ἐδύνατο	δύναμαι	VERB	V-IMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate.
25	·	·	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	24 ἐδύνατο	punct	high

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