Grammar parses for passage 1.42.4
Open translation for this passage
Μεγαρεῦσι δὲ ἔστι μὲν βουλευτήριον, Τιμάλκου δὲ ἦν ποτε ὡς λέγουσι τάφος, ὃν πρότερον ὀλίγον τούτων οὐκ ἔφην ὑπὸ Θησέως ἀποθανεῖν.
The sentence has two coordinated predications: a present existential ἔστι βουλευτήριον and a past existential ἦν τάφος, with Τιμάλκου as the genitive possessor. The relative ὃν refers to τάφος; ἔφην governs the complementary infinitive ἀποθανεῖν, whose subject is the omitted antecedent of ὃν, with ὑπό + genitive as agent. The exact scope of πρότερον ὀλίγον τούτων is somewhat compressed/elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεγαρεῦσι | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NameType=Prop|Number=Plur | 3 ἔστι | obl | high | Dative of location/association: ‘for/among the Megarians’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἔστι | cc | high | Adversative/continuative coordinator. |
| 3 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential present. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df-------- | _ | 3 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δὲ at token 8. |
| 5 | βουλευτήριον | βουλευτήριον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Existential subject. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 7 | Τιμάλκου | Τίμαλκος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Prop|Number=Sing | 13 τάφος | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive: ‘of Timalcus’. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predication with the first. |
| 9 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 3 ἔστι | conj | high | Imperfect existential predicate, coordinated with ἔστι. |
| 10 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D--------- | _ | 9 ἦν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb ‘once/formerly’. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | D-------- | _ | 12 λέγουσι | mark | high | Introduces the reportative parenthetical clause. |
| 12 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἦν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical/reportative ‘as they say’; subject is implicit. |
| 13 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of the second existential clause. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 20 ἔφην | obj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent τάφος; object of ἔφην. |
| 16 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ἔφην | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative ‘earlier/before’; form is neuter accusative used adverbially. |
| 17 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 πρότερον | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘a little/slightly’, modifying πρότερον or the temporal phrase. |
| 18 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 16 πρότερον | obl | low | Genitive demonstrative, likely partitive/ablatival with the compressed temporal expression; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 20 ἔφην | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 20 | ἔφην | φημί | VERB | V1SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 ἦν | acl:relcl | high | First-person imperfect ‘I said/claimed’; governs the infinitive ἀποθανεῖν. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Θησέως | case | high | Agent preposition with genitive. |
| 22 | Θησέως | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Prop|Number=Sing | 23 ἀποθανεῖν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive infinitive, ‘by Theseus’. |
| 23 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V---AAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἔφην | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist active infinitive after ἔφην; its understood subject is the relative antecedent. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔστι | punct | high |
ᾠκοδόμηται δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ κορυφῇ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως ναὸς Ραθηνᾶς, ἄγαλμα δέ ἐστιν ἐπίχρυσον πλὴν χειρῶν καὶ ἄκρων ποδῶν· ταῦτα δὲ καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν ἐστιν ἐλέφαντος.
The sentence has an initial perfect passive clause with ναός as subject; ἄγαλμα is a coordinated verbless/ἐστιν clause, and ταῦτα refers to the hands and extremities of the feet, with τὸ πρόσωπον coordinated as another elephantine part. The form Ραθηνᾶς is retained as a proper-name genitive, though the expected goddess name may be textually uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ᾠκοδόμηται | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V3SPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 8 ναὸς | acl:relcl | high | Perfect passive, impersonal-looking construction with ναός as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 κορυφῇ | case | high | Takes dative here, indicating location. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κορυφῇ | det | high | |
| 5 | κορυφῇ | κορυφή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | obl | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κορυφῇ | nmod | high | |
| 8 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 9 | Ραθηνᾶς | Ραθηνά | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ναὸς | nmod | low | Proper-name form and identity are textually uncertain; parsed as genitive dependent on ναός. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν in the second clause. |
| 12 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | conj | high | Finite copula of the coordinated clause. |
| 14 | ἐπίχρυσον | ἐπίχρυσος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with ἄγαλμα. |
| 15 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 χειρῶν | case | high | Exceptive preposition governing the genitive. |
| 16 | χειρῶν | χείρ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπίχρυσον | obl | medium | Genitive complement of πλήν, semantically an exception to the gilding. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἄκρων | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἄκρων | ἄκρος | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ποδῶν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ποδῶν. |
| 19 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 χειρῶν | conj | high | Coordinated genitive complement under πλήν. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | punct | high | |
| 21 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of the final clause, referring to the previously mentioned extremities. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 πρόσωπόν | cc | high | Coordinates τὸ πρόσωπον with ταῦτα in the subject phrase. |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 πρόσωπόν | det | high | |
| 25 | πρόσωπόν | πρόσωπον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ταῦτα | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject with ταῦτα. |
| 26 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | conj | high | Finite copula of the final coordinated clause. |
| 27 | ἐλέφαντος | ἐλέφας | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Genitive of material, ‘of ivory’; nominal predicate complement under εἰμί. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ᾠκοδόμηται | punct | high |
καὶ ἕτερον ἐνταῦθα ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς πεποίηται καλουμένης Νίκης καὶ ἄλλο Αἰαντίδος·
The first coordinated object is an understood neuter ἱερόν with πεποίηται; καλουμένης Νίκης is a genitive absolute-like/agreeing genitive description of Athena as called Nike, while Αἰαντίδος is a genitive dependent on the second elided ἱερόν. Voice and exact attachment of πεποίηται are somewhat ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 6 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | amod | medium | Substantivized/elliptical with ἱερόν; could be accusative under πεποίηται depending on parsing. |
| 3 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 6 πεποίηται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πεποίηται | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative subject with middle πεποίηται; alternatively an accusative object in an impersonal/elliptical construction. |
| 5 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | Ne----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V--XMI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle; likely 'has been made/constructed' or 'has made for itself' in context. |
| 7 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V--PPGFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 Νίκης | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with an implicit/expressed feminine referent, likely Ἀθηνᾶς. |
| 8 | Νίκης | Νίκη | PROPN | Ne----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 καλουμένης | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement of καλουμένης: 'called Nike'. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἄλλο | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πεποίηται | conj | medium | Substantivized adjective; coordinates an elliptical second ἱερόν. |
| 11 | Αἰαντίδος | Αἰαντίς | PROPN | Ne----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἄλλο | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the elided noun ἱερόν, 'of Ajax's [tribe/lineage]'. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πεποίηται | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὸ Μεγαρέων μὲν παρεῖται τοῖς ἐξηγηταῖς, ἐγὼ δὲ ὁποῖα νομίζω γενέσθαι γράψω.
The first clause means that matters concerning Megara itself are left to the exegetes; γράψω governs an embedded content clause with ὁποῖα as its object and γενέσθαι as complementary infinitive. The parsing of παρεῖται as middle/passive is somewhat context-sensitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 παρεῖται | nsubj:pass | high | Substantivized neuter plural article, referring to matters. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 7 παρεῖται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 4 αὐτὸ | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | A-SAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 παρεῖται | obl | high | With ἐς, ‘concerning/in regard to it’; αὐτό refers to Megara. |
| 5 | Μεγαρέων | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξηγηταῖς | nmod:poss | medium | Genitive plural ethnonym, dependent on ἐξηγηταῖς: ‘the Megarean exegetes’. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 7 παρεῖται | discourse | high | Correlative particle balanced by δέ at token 12. |
| 7 | παρεῖται | παρίημι | VERB | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Could be analyzed as middle ‘is left aside’ or a passive-like form; subject is τὰ. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξηγηταῖς | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐξηγηταῖς | ἐξηγητής | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 παρεῖται | obl:agent | high | Dative of agent/possessor with the passive-like verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 παρεῖται | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 16 γράψω | nsubj | high | Explicit first-person subject of γράψω. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 16 γράψω | cc | high | Contrasts the writer’s procedure with the exegetes’. |
| 13 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 γενέσθαι | obj | medium | Neuter plural relative/interrogative-pronominal form, ‘what things’; object of γενέσθαι or content-clause predicate. |
| 14 | νομίζω | νομίζω | VERB | V1SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 γράψω | ccomp | medium | Parenthetical ‘I think’; alternatively may be taken as governing γενέσθαι within the content clause. |
| 15 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--MN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 γράψω | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, ‘to have happened/become’; dependent on γράψω through the embedded formulation. |
| 16 | γράψω | γράφω | VERB | V1SFA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Future ‘I will write’; discourse-level coordination with παρεῖται makes a single-root UD analysis imperfect. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 γράψω | punct | high |
Τελαμὼν ὁ Αἰακοῦ θυγατρὶ Ἀλκάθου Περιβοίᾳ συνῴκησεν· Αἴαντα οὖν τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν Ἀλκάθου διαδεξάμενον ποιῆσαι τὸ ἄγαλμα ἡγοῦμαι τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς.
The sentence contains two coordinated finite clauses separated by the raised dot; in the second, Αἴαντα is the accusative subject of ποιῆσαι, with διαδεξάμενον as a participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τελαμὼν | Τελαμών | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συνῴκησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Τελαμὼν | det | high | |
| 3 | Αἰακοῦ | Αἴακος | PROPN | N--SMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 θυγατρὶ | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitival modifier of θυγατρί. |
| 4 | θυγατρὶ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N--SDF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 συνῴκησεν | obl | high | Dative with συνοικέω, denoting spouse. |
| 5 | Ἀλκάθου | Ἀλκάθοος | PROPN | N--SMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Περιβοίᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Περιβοίᾳ, identifying her as daughter of Alcathous. |
| 6 | Περιβοίᾳ | Περιβοία | PROPN | N--SDF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 θυγατρὶ | appos | high | Apposition to θυγατρί. |
| 7 | συνῴκησεν | συνοικέω | VERB | V--3SAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συνῴκησεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Αἴαντα | Αἴας | PROPN | N--SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ποιῆσαι. |
| 10 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Df | _ | 19 ἡγοῦμαι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 διαδεξάμενον | obj | high | Object of διαδεξάμενον. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀλκάθου | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀλκάθου | Ἀλκάθοος | PROPN | N--SMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the rule/succession. |
| 15 | διαδεξάμενον | διαδέχομαι | VERB | V-AMSMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Med | 16 ποιῆσαι | xcomp | high | Participial complement agreeing with Αἴαντα. |
| 16 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | V--AAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἡγοῦμαι | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἡγοῦμαι. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 18 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--SNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | Object of ποιῆσαι. |
| 19 | ἡγοῦμαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V--1SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Med | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause is independent after the semicolon. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀθηνᾶς | det | high | |
| 21 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N--SFG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἡγοῦμαι | punct | high |