Grammar parses for passage 1.43.1
Open translation for this passage
λέγουσι δὲ εἶναι καὶ Ἰφιγενείας ἡρῷον· ἀποθανεῖν γὰρ καὶ ταύτην ἐν Μεγάροις.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: λέγουσι governs an indirect statement with εἶναι, while ἀποθανεῖν γὰρ ... gives an explanatory causal/paratactic clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PPN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Ἰφιγενείας | cc | medium | Likely coordinates with the possessive/genitive phrase or emphatic 'also'. |
| 5 | Ἰφιγενείας | Ἰφιγένεια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἡρῷον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἡρῷον. |
| 6 | ἡρῷον | ἡρῷον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/accusative in infinitival construction; analyzed as object-like complement of εἶναι. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 8 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγουσι | parataxis | medium | Second explanatory clause; could also be coordinated content clause. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἀποθανεῖν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ταύτην | cc | high | Connective 'also'. |
| 11 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | RD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 8 ἀποθανεῖν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποθανεῖν (elliptical 'die too' with object in the idiom/accusative of respect possible). |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 13 Μεγάροις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | Μεγάροις | Μέγαρα | PROPN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀποθανεῖν | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐγὼ δὲ ἤκουσα μὲν καὶ ἄλλον ἐς Ἰφιγένειαν λόγον ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων λεγόμενον, οἶδα δὲ Ἡσίοδον ποιήσαντα ἐν καταλόγῳ γυναικῶν Ἰφιγένειαν οὐκ ἀποθανεῖν, γνώμῃ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος Ἑκάτην εἶναι· τούτοις δὲ Ἡρόδοτος ὁμολογοῦντα ἔγραψε Ταύρους τοὺς πρὸς τῇ Σκυθικῇ θύειν παρθένῳ τοὺς ναυαγούς, φάναι δὲ αὐτοὺς τὴν παρθένον Ἰφιγένειαν εἶναι τὴν Ἀγαμέμνονος.
The sentence is a chain of reported-content constructions with multiple infinitival complements; attachment of τούτοις/ὁμολογοῦντα is somewhat uncertain, but the main clause boundaries are clear.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1Ns | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 3 ἤκουσα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤκουσα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 3 ἤκουσα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | Vaa1s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the first clause. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Pt | _ | 3 ἤκουσα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cn | _ | 6 ἄλλον | cc | high | Connects ἄλλον with omitted counterpart. |
| 6 | ἄλλον | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λόγον | amod | high | Modifies λόγον. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 9 λόγον | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰφιγένειαν. |
| 8 | Ἰφιγένειαν | Ἰφιγένεια | PROPN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 λόγον | nmod | high | Object of preposition ἐς. |
| 9 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἤκουσα | obj | high | Direct object of ἤκουσα. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 12 λεγόμενον | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 11 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Nb-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 λεγόμενον | obl | high | Agent in ὑπό phrase. |
| 12 | λεγόμενον | λέγω | VERB | Vpp-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 λόγον | acl | high | Participial modifier of λόγον. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἤκουσα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | Vra1s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | New coordinated finite verb; treated as root of second clause. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 14 οἶδα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | Ἡσίοδον | Ἡσίοδος | PROPN | Nb-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ποιήσαντα | nsubj | high | Subject of participle ποιήσαντα. |
| 17 | ποιήσαντα | ποιέω | VERB | Vpa-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 οἶδα | xcomp | high | Supplementary participle with Ἡσίοδον. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 19 καταλόγῳ | case | high | Preposition governing καταλόγῳ. |
| 19 | καταλόγῳ | κατάλογος | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ποιήσαντα | obl | high | Locative/situational phrase modifying ποιήσαντα. |
| 20 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 καταλόγῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of καταλόγῳ. |
| 21 | Ἰφιγένειαν | Ἰφιγένεια | PROPN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀποθανεῖν | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive ἀποθανεῖν. |
| 22 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | _ | 23 ἀποθανεῖν | advmod | high | Negation of infinitive. |
| 23 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | Vbna | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 ποιήσαντα | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ποιήσαντα. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | γνώμῃ | γνώμη | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 εἶναι | obl | medium | Dative of respect/means with εἶναι; relation somewhat loose. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 29 εἶναι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 27 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | Nb-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 Ἑκάτην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Ἑκάτην. |
| 28 | Ἑκάτην | Ἑκάτη | PROPN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 29 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V--na--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 οἶδα | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of οἶδα. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 ἔγραψε | obl | medium | Dative with ὁμολογοῦντα / ἔγραψε; attachment uncertain. |
| 32 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 35 ἔγραψε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 33 | Ἡρόδοτος | Ἡρόδοτος | PROPN | Nb-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἔγραψε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔγραψε. |
| 34 | ὁμολογοῦντα | ὁμολογέω | VERB | Vpp-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἔγραψε | advcl | medium | Participial adjunct modifying ἔγραψε; exact linkage to τούτοις uncertain. |
| 35 | ἔγραψε | γράφω | VERB | Vaa3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the final reported-speech segment. |
| 36 | Ταύρους | Ταῦρος | PROPN | Nb-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 θύειν | nsubj | high | Subject of θύειν. |
| 37 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 ναυαγούς | det | high | Article with ναυαγούς. |
| 38 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 40 Σκυθικῇ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 39 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 Σκυθικῇ | det | high | Article with Σκυθικῇ. |
| 40 | Σκυθικῇ | Σκυθικός | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 πρὸς | obl | high | Object of πρός. |
| 41 | θύειν | θύω | VERB | V--na--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 35 ἔγραψε | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement after ἔγραψε/implicit reported content. |
| 42 | παρθένῳ | παρθένος | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 θύειν | obl | high | Dative with θύειν. |
| 43 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 ναυαγούς | det | high | Article with ναυαγούς. |
| 44 | ναυαγούς | ναυαγός | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 θύειν | obj | high | Object of θύειν. |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἔγραψε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 46 | φάναι | φημί | VERB | V--na--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 35 ἔγραψε | xcomp | high | Second reported infinitive. |
| 47 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 46 φάναι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 48 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 52 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶναι. |
| 49 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 50 παρθένον | det | high | Article with παρθένον. |
| 50 | παρθένον | παρθένος | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 52 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 51 | Ἰφιγένειαν | Ἰφιγένεια | PROPN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 50 παρθένον | appos | high | Apposition to παρθένον. |
| 52 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V--na--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 46 φάναι | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by φάναι. |
| 53 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 54 Ἀγαμέμνονος | det | high | Article with Ἀγαμέμνονος. |
| 54 | Ἀγαμέμνονος | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | Nb-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 51 Ἰφιγένειαν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier in the appositional phrase; article is unusual but retained. |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἔγραψε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν ὁ Ἀγαμέμνων ἐποίησεν, ἡνίκα ἦλθε Κάλχαντα οἰκοῦντα ἐν Μεγάροις ἐς Ἴλιον ἕπεσθαι πείσων.
The syntax is centered on ἐποίησεν with a temporal clause (ἡνίκα ἦλθε ...) and an infinitival complement (ἕπεσθαι) governed by ἦλθε; πείσων is a purpose/attendant future participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to the main clause. |
| 2 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-SF---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-SN---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐποίησεν | obj | medium | Likely direct object of ἐποίησεν; article omitted. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-SM---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀγαμέμνων | det | high | Article with Ἀγαμέμνων. |
| 5 | Ἀγαμέμνων | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | N-SM---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 6 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἦλθε | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | ἦλθε | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐποίησεν | advcl | medium | Temporal adverbial clause; subject implied. |
| 10 | Κάλχαντα | Κάλχας | PROPN | N-SM---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἕπεσθαι | obj | high | Object of the infinitive ἕπεσθαι. |
| 11 | οἰκοῦντα | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 Κάλχαντα | amod | medium | Participial modifier of Κάλχαντα. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 13 Μεγάροις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | Μεγάροις | Μέγαρα | PROPN | N-PN---D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 οἰκοῦντα | obl | high | Locative complement of οἰκοῦντα. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 15 Ἴλιον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 15 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-SN---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἕπεσθαι | obl | high | Goal complement of ἕπεσθαι. |
| 16 | ἕπεσθαι | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-PN--M-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 9 ἦλθε | xcomp | high | Complement of ἦλθε. |
| 17 | πείσων | πείθω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἦλθε | advcl | medium | Future participle expressing purpose/attendant circumstance; subject = implied ἦλθε. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |