Grammar parses for passage 1.43.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐντεῦθεν πρὸς τὸ Ἀλκάθου βαδίζουσιν ἡρῷον, ᾧ Μεγαρεῖς ἐς γραμμάτων φυλακὴν ἐχρῶντο ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ, μνῆμα ἔλεγον τὸ μὲν Πυργοῦς εἶναι γυναικὸς Ἀλκάθου πρὶν ἢ τὴν Μεγαρέως αὐτὸν λαβεῖν Εὐαίχμην, τὸ δὲ Ἰφινόης Ἀλκάθου θυγατρός·
The passage contains a relative clause headed by ᾧ and a reported identification under ἔλεγον; the second μὲν/δέ member is elliptical, with θυγατρός functioning as the surviving predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 βαδίζουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἡρῷον | case | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Article=Def|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀλκάθου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀλκάθου | Ἀλκάθος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἡρῷον | nmod | high | |
| 5 | βαδίζουσιν | βαδίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἡρῷον | ἡρῷον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 βαδίζουσιν | obl | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἡρῷον | punct | high | |
| 8 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | R-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 13 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Relative pronoun refers to ἡρῷον. |
| 9 | Μεγαρεῖς | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐχρῶντο | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 φυλακὴν | case | high | |
| 11 | γραμμάτων | γράμμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 φυλακὴν | nmod | high | Partitive/objective genitive with φυλακήν. |
| 12 | φυλακὴν | φυλακή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | |
| 13 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 18 ἔλεγον | ccomp | high | Embedded finite clause under ἔλεγον. |
| 14 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἐμοῦ | case | high | |
| 15 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-GS | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔλεγον | punct | high | |
| 17 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἔλεγον | nsubj | medium | Predicate subject of ἔλεγον with an understood/copular relation. |
| 18 | ἔλεγον | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main verb; ἐχρῶντο is embedded relative-clause predicate and εἶναι introduces the reported identification. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Article=Def|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 Πυργοῦς | det | high | |
| 20 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 18 ἔλεγον | discourse | high | |
| 21 | Πυργοῦς | Πυργώ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Genitive proper name as subject of εἶναι. |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἔλεγον | xcomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech. |
| 23 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Πυργοῦς | appos | high | Appositional identification of Πυργοῦς. |
| 24 | Ἀλκάθου | Ἀλκάθος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 γυναικὸς | nmod | high | |
| 25 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 λαβεῖν | mark | high | |
| 26 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 πρὶν | cc | medium | Correlative/comparative particle in πρὶν ἢ construction. |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Article=Def|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 Εὐαίχμην | det | high | |
| 28 | Μεγαρέως | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 τὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on implied γυναῖκα. |
| 29 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 30 λαβεῖν | obj | high | Object of λαβεῖν. |
| 30 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 εἶναι | advcl | high | Infinitival temporal clause with πρὶν ἤ. |
| 31 | Εὐαίχμην | Εὐαίχμη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 λαβεῖν | obj | high | Object of λαβεῖν; subject/object relations reflect accusative-infinitive syntax. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔλεγον | punct | high | |
| 33 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Article=Def|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 Ἰφινόης | det | high | |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἔλεγον | cc | high | Correlative with μὲν. |
| 35 | Ἰφινόης | Ἰφινόη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 θυγατρός | nmod | high | Genitive proper name dependent on θυγατρός. |
| 36 | Ἀλκάθου | Ἀλκάθος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 θυγατρός | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θυγατρός. |
| 37 | θυγατρός | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔλεγον | xcomp | medium | Elliptical second predicate under εἶναι: τὸ δὲ [μνῆμα] Ἰφινόης ... θυγατρός. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔλεγον | punct | high |
ἀποθανεῖν δὲ αὐτήν φασιν ἔτι παρθένον.
φασιν governs an accusative-and-infinitive report: αὐτήν is the understood subject of ἀποθανεῖν, with παρθένον as its predicate accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V- -AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 φασιν | ccomp | high | Aorist active infinitive in reported-content construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | P-AF3S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἀποθανεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive, represented as its object in UD-style infinitival analysis. |
| 4 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V- -PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite reporting verb. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 παρθένον | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying παρθένον. |
| 6 | παρθένον | παρθένος | NOUN | N- -AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποθανεῖν | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicate complement with the infinitive; agrees with αὐτήν. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 φασιν | punct | high |
καθέστηκε δὲ ταῖς κόραις χοὰς πρὸς τὸ τῆς Ἰφινόης μνῆμα προσφέρειν πρὸ γάμου καὶ ἀπάρχεσθαι τῶν τριχῶν, καθὰ καὶ τῇ Ἑκαέργῃ καὶ Ὤπιδι αἱ θυγατέρες ποτὲ ἀπεκείροντο αἱ Δηλίων.
The impersonal καθέστηκε governs two coordinated infinitives. The καθά clause supplies the precedent: the Delian daughters once cut off their hair for Hecaerge and Opis; the attachment of the dative names is semantically clear though the coordination structure is somewhat flexible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθέστηκε | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal perfect: it has been established/ordained. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 καθέστηκε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 4 κόραις | det | high | |
| 4 | κόραις | κόρη | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 1 καθέστηκε | iobj | high | Dative of the persons for whom the ordinance is established. |
| 5 | χοὰς | χοή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 11 προσφέρειν | obj | high | Object of προσφέρειν. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 μνῆμα | case | high | |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 10 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 Ἰφινόης | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἰφινόης | Ἰφινόη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 μνῆμα | nmod | high | |
| 10 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 προσφέρειν | obl | high | Destination of the libations with πρός. |
| 11 | προσφέρειν | προσφέρω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 καθέστηκε | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to καθέστηκε. |
| 12 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 γάμου | case | high | |
| 13 | γάμου | γάμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 11 προσφέρειν | obl | high | Temporal genitive phrase, before marriage. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀπάρχεσθαι | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἀπάρχεσθαι | ἀπάρχομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 1 καθέστηκε | xcomp | high | Coordinated infinitive; middle voice means to dedicate/cut off as first-fruits. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 17 τριχῶν | det | high | |
| 17 | τριχῶν | θρίξ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 15 ἀπάρχεσθαι | obj | high | Genitive object/partitive complement of ἀπάρχεσθαι. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀπάρχεσθαι | punct | high | |
| 19 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἀπεκείροντο | mark | high | Introduces the comparative subordinate clause. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 Ἑκαέργῃ | cc | high | Coordinates the two recipients. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 22 Ἑκαέργῃ | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἑκαέργῃ | Ἑκαέργη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 28 ἀπεκείροντο | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/beneficiary of the hair-cutting; coordinated with Ὤπιδι. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 Ὤπιδι | cc | high | |
| 24 | Ὤπιδι | Ὦπις | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 22 Ἑκαέργῃ | conj | high | |
| 25 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 26 θυγατέρες | det | high | |
| 26 | θυγατέρες | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 28 ἀπεκείροντο | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἀπεκείροντο | advmod | high | |
| 28 | ἀπεκείροντο | ἀποκείρω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 1 καθέστηκε | advcl | high | Finite verb of the καθά clause; middle/passive form means the daughters had their hair cut off. |
| 29 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 30 Δηλίων | det | high | |
| 30 | Δηλίων | Δήλιος | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 26 θυγατέρες | amod | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective: the Delian women/daughters. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καθέστηκε | punct | high |