Grammar parses for passage 1.43.7
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ Μεγαρεῦσι καὶ Κοροίβου τάφος·
Copular existential sentence: τάφος is the predicate nominative; Μεγαρεῦσι and Κοροίβου are coordinated genitive possessors/associates, with καί joining the second possessor phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 τάφος | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 τάφος | cc | high | |
| 3 | Μεγαρεῦσι | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | NPMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τάφος | nmod | high | Dative plural likely an idiomatic personal dative of possession/association with τάφος; form is morphologically unambiguous. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Κοροίβου | cc | high | |
| 5 | Κοροίβου | Κόροιβος | PROPN | NPMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Μεγαρεῦσι | conj | high | |
| 6 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative with existential/copular ἔστι. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 τάφος | punct | high |
ἐπὶ Κροτώπου λέγουσιν ἐν Ἄργει βασιλεύοντος Ψαμάθην τὴν Κροτώπου τεκεῖν παῖδα ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος,
λέγουσιν governs an accusative-and-infinitive report: Ψαμάθην ... τεκεῖν παῖδα. The genitive absolute ἐν Ἄργει βασιλεύοντος Κροτώπου supplies the temporal/background circumstance; ἐπὶ Κροτώπου is an elliptical temporal phrase, probably ‘in the reign of Κρότωπος’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 2 Κροτώπου | case | high | Preposition with genitive Κροτώπου; temporal/reign construction. |
| 2 | Κροτώπου | Κρότωπος | PROPN | Ne-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λέγουσιν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐπί; elliptical temporal expression. |
| 3 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Reporting verb governing the accusative-and-infinitive. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 5 Ἄργει | case | high | Preposition governing locative Ἄργει. |
| 5 | Ἄργει | Ἄργος | PROPN | Ne-s---ln- | Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλεύοντος | obl | high | Locative place in the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 λέγουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle; its understood subject is Κροτώπου. |
| 7 | Ψαμάθην | Ψαμάθη | PROPN | Ne-s---af- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τεκεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive τεκεῖν. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Κροτώπου | det | high | Article with the proper name in an attributive genitive phrase. |
| 9 | Κροτώπου | Κρότωπος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ψαμάθην | nmod | high | Genitive identifying Ψαμάθη as Κροτώπου’s daughter. |
| 10 | τεκεῖν | τίκτω | VERB | V-2AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Aorist infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 11 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τεκεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object of τεκεῖν; ‘a child/son’. |
| 12 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 13 Ἀπόλλωνος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive Ἀπόλλωνος. |
| 13 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τεκεῖν | obl | high | Genitive of parentage/source with ἐξ. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐχομένην δὲ ἰσχυρῶς τοῦ πατρὸς δείματι τὸν παῖδα ἐκθεῖναι·
Infinitival clause with elided governing verb: ἐχομένην agrees with an understood feminine subject and takes τοῦ πατρός as genitive dependence; δείματι is a dative of cause/instrument, and τὸν παῖδα is the accusative subject of ἐκθεῖναι. The exact antecedent of ἐχομένην is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐχομένην | ἔχω | VERB | V-PPM-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐκθεῖναι | advcl | medium | Accusative feminine participle; syntactic attachment and understood antecedent depend on context. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 1 ἐχομένην | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἰσχυρῶς | ἰσχυρῶς | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐχομένην | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πατρὸς | det | high | |
| 5 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐχομένην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐχομένην, plausibly expressing relation or source. |
| 6 | δείματι | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐχομένην | obl | medium | Dative of cause or means: ‘with/by fear’. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παῖδα | det | high | |
| 8 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκθεῖναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐκθεῖναι. |
| 9 | ἐκθεῖναι | ἐκτίθημι | VERB | V-AN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active infinitive; governs accusative subject τὸν παῖδα. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐκθεῖναι | punct | high |
καὶ τὸν μὲν διαφθείρουσιν ἐπιτυχόντες ἐκ τῆς ποίμνης κύνες τῆς Κροτώπου,
The coordinated accusative τὸν is the object of διαφθείρουσιν; ἐπιτυχόντες is a supplementary circumstantial aorist participle, while κύνες τῆς Κροτώπου is the subject. The participle’s implicit object is the same male referent as τὸν, with somewhat elliptical syntax.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 διαφθείρουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Mas | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 διαφθείρουσιν | obj | high | Substantivized article; antecedent supplied by context. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 4 διαφθείρουσιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is outside this sentence. |
| 4 | διαφθείρουσιν | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-3Pl-Pres-Act-Ind | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐπιτυχόντες | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Pt担-Nom-Plur-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 διαφθείρουσιν | advcl | medium | Aorist participle; exact semantic relation is elliptical/uncertain, likely ‘having encountered/found’. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 ποίμνης | case | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ποίμνης | det | high | |
| 8 | ποίμνης | ποίμνη | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιτυχόντες | obl | medium | Object of ἐκ within the participial phrase. |
| 9 | κύνες | κύων | NOUN | N-Nom-Plur-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 διαφθείρουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Κροτώπου | det | high | |
| 11 | Κροτώπου | Κρότωπος | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κύνες | nmod | medium | Proper name treated as feminine here, agreeing with τῆς; likely ‘of Krotopus’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 4 διαφθείρουσιν | punct | high |
ταύτην τοὺς παῖδας ἀπὸ τῶν μητέρων φασὶν ἁρπάζειν, ἐς ὃ Κόροιβος ἐς χάριν Ἀργείοις φονεύει τὴν Ποινήν.
Infinitival complement of φασίν has omitted subject coreferential with τοὺς παῖδας as the object of ἁρπάζειν; ὃ introduces a temporal/result-related clause, with Κόροιβος as subject and Ποινήν as object. The first ταύτην is the object of an understood prior verb and is syntactically detached here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD-FA-S3A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ἁρπάζειν | obj | medium | Likely refers to the previously mentioned penalty; syntactically carried over as object of ἁρπάζειν, though anaphoric/detached. |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 3 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N--AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἁρπάζειν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive by raising/control-like construction, and object semantically of ἁρπάζειν. |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | Case=Gen | 6 μητέρων | case | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DGFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 μητέρων | det | high | |
| 6 | μητέρων | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἁρπάζειν | obl | high | Source/separation complement of ἁρπάζειν. |
| 7 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἁρπάζειν | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 φασὶν | ccomp | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | Case=Acc | 11 ὃ | case | high | Forms temporal expression ἐς ὅ. |
| 11 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | PRN-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 16 φονεύει | obl | medium | Relative/temporal accusative with ἐς, introducing the clause; exact antecedent and construction are somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | Κόροιβος | Κόροιβος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 φονεύει | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | Case=Acc | 14 χάριν | case | high | |
| 14 | χάριν | χάρις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 φονεύει | obl | high | Purpose/benefactive phrase ἐς χάριν. |
| 15 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 χάριν | nmod | high | Dative complement specifying whose favor is intended. |
| 16 | φονεύει | φονεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 φασὶν | advcl | high | Finite subordinate clause coordinated in narrative sequence with the preceding infinitival report. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Ποινήν | det | high | |
| 18 | Ποινήν | Ποινή | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 φονεύει | obj | high | Personified divine/daimôn name, object of φονεύει. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φασὶν | punct | high |
οὐ γὰρ ἀνίει σφᾶς δεύτερα ἐπιπεσοῦσα νόσος λοιμώδης.
Ἐπιπεσοῦσα νόσος λοιμώδης is a nominative subject phrase; ἀνίει is imperfect active, with σφᾶς as its accusative object. δεύτερα is an accusative neuter plural adverbial accusative, ‘a second time’; γάρ connects the sentence to preceding context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 3 ἀνίει | advmod | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀνίει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνίει | ἀνίημι | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect may be rendered ‘was not letting up/releasing’. |
| 4 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P3PA---A | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἀνίει | obj | high | Third-person plural personal pronoun, epic/older form. |
| 5 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADV | A-------- | Degree=Pos | 6 ἐπιπεσοῦσα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative neuter plural; alternatively analyzed as modifying the verbal event directly. |
| 6 | ἐπιπεσοῦσα | ἐπιπίπτω | VERB | V2SAPA---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 νόσος | acl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with νόσος. |
| 7 | νόσος | νόσος | NOUN | N1FS---NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνίει | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | λοιμώδης | λοιμώδης | ADJ | A1FS---NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 νόσος | amod | high | Agrees with νόσος. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀνίει | punct | high |
φονεύσας δὲ Κόροιβος ἑκὼν ἦλθεν ἐς Δελφοὺς ὑφέξων δίκας τῷ θεῷ τοῦ φόνου τῆς Ποινῆς.
The purpose participle ὑφέξων governs δίκας; τῷ θεῷ is a dative complement, while τοῦ φόνου τῆς Ποινῆς specifies the homicide charge.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φονεύσας | φονεύω | VERB | VAANSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 ἦλθεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, antecedent to the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἦλθεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Κόροιβος | Κόροιβος | PROPN | NPNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject. |
| 4 | ἑκὼν | ἑκών | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦλθεν | advmod | high | Predicative/adverbial adjective meaning voluntarily. |
| 5 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Δελφοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | Δελφοὺς | Δελφοί | PROPN | NPNM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἦλθεν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 8 | ὑφέξων | ὑπέχω | VERB | VAFPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 5 ἦλθεν | advcl | high | Future active participle expressing purpose. |
| 9 | δίκας | δίκη | NOUN | N-AF-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ὑφέξων | obj | high | Object of ὑφέξων. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 θεῷ | det | high | Article modifying θεῷ. |
| 11 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὑφέξων | iobj | high | Dative complement/addressee of the legal penalty. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 φόνου | det | high | Article modifying φόνου. |
| 13 | φόνου | φόνος | NOUN | N-GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 δίκας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δίκας, specifying the charge. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Ποινῆς | det | high | Article modifying Ποινῆς. |
| 15 | Ποινῆς | Ποινή | PROPN | N-GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 φόνου | nmod | medium | Proper name; genitive identifying the person killed. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦλθεν | punct | high |