Grammar parses for passage 1.44.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ τὸ ἐπίνειον, καλούμενον καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι Νίσαιαν, ἐς τοῦτο κατελθοῦσιν ἱερὸν Δήμητρός ἐστι Μαλοφόρου·
The sentence has a fronted prepositional phrase and a locative participial clause: ‘on descending to this [place], there is a sanctuary of Demeter Malophoros.’ The participle κατελθοῦσιν is dative and agrees with the understood visitors; καλούμενον agrees with τὸ ἐπίνειον and takes ἐς ἡμᾶς as a temporal extension (‘still in our time’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἐπίνειον | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἐπίνειον | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐπίνειον | ἐπίνειον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστι | obl | medium | Fronted topic/locative complement of ἐστι; nominative form is retained with the article. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπίνειον | punct | high | |
| 6 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPSNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ἐπίνειον | acl | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἔτι | advmod | medium | Coordinating/adverbial καί in the temporal phrase. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 9 ἡμᾶς | case | high | |
| 9 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 10 ἔτι | obl | high | Temporal limit with ἔτι: ‘to/in our time’. |
| 10 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 καλούμενον | advmod | medium | Adverbial modifier of καλούμενον; semantically modifies the continued name-use. |
| 11 | Νίσαιαν | Νίσαια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καλούμενον | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with passive καλούμενον. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 καλούμενον | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 14 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 14 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 κατελθοῦσιν | obl | high | Destination with κατελθοῦσιν; accusative after ἐς. |
| 15 | κατελθοῦσιν | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-DPN | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐστι | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle, with an understood dative subject (‘for those descending’). |
| 16 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | Δήμητρός | Δημήτηρ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 18 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | Μαλοφόρου | Μαλοφόρος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Δήμητρός | appos | high | Epithet in apposition to Δήμητρος. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστι | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ἐς τὴν ἐπίκλησιν καὶ τοὺς πρώτους πρόβατα ἐν τῇ γῇ θρέψαντας Δήμητρα ὀνομάσαι Μαλοφόρον.
The infinitive clause has an accusative subject τοὺς πρώτους ... θρέψαντας and a naming construction Δήμητρα Μαλοφόρον; ἄλλα is parsed as neuter plural content subject of impersonal λέγεται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3P-S-PNI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive λέγεται, introducing reported content. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἄλλα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί modifying ἄλλα. |
| 4 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 λέγεται | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject of impersonal λέγεται, with an understood content/report construction. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἐπίκλησιν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπίκλησιν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἄλλα | obl | medium | ἐς τὴν ἐπίκλησιν means ‘concerning/as to the epithet’; attachment to ἄλλα is interpretive. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 τοὺς | cc | high | |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 θρέψαντας | det | high | |
| 10 | πρώτους | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 θρέψαντας | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive with τοὺς ... θρέψαντας. |
| 11 | πρόβατα | πρόβατον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 θρέψαντας | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 γῇ | case | high | |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γῇ | det | high | |
| 14 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 θρέψαντας | obl | high | Locative ἐν τῇ γῇ modifying θρέψαντας. |
| 15 | θρέψαντας | τρέφω | VERB | V-APA-MPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ὀνομάσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ὀνομάσαι. |
| 16 | Δήμητρα | Δήμητρα | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | Object of ὀνομάσαι: ‘to name Demeter’. |
| 17 | ὀνομάσαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitival reported content dependent on λέγεται. |
| 18 | Μαλοφόρον | Μηλοφόρος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὀνομάσαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement/object complement of ὀνομάσαι agreeing with Δήμητρα; spelling/form Μαλοφόρον is variant. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
καταρρυῆναι δὲ τῷ ἱερῷ τὸν ὄροφον τεκμαίροιτο ἄν τις ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου.
The infinitive καταρρυῆναι with accusative subject τὸν ὄροφον is the content inferred by τεκμαίροιτο; τῷ ἱερῷ is a dative associated with the infinitive, and ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου expresses the cause/agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταρρυῆναι | καταρρέω | VERB | V--AN--- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 6 ὄροφον | csubj | high | Aorist active infinitive, subject of τεκμαίροιτο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 τεκμαίροιτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερῷ | det | high | |
| 4 | ἱερῷ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καταρρυῆναι | obl | medium | Dative associated with καταρρυῆναι; likely locative/institutional sense, 'in/to the sanctuary'. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄροφον | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄροφον | ὄροφος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τεκμαίροιτο | csubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive; infinitival clause coordinated/paired with the following finite predicate. |
| 7 | τεκμαίροιτο | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V-PI opt 3S | Mood=Optative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν. |
| 8 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 7 τεκμαίροιτο | aux | high | Modal particle marking potentiality. |
| 9 | τις | τις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τεκμαίροιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 χρόνου | case | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 χρόνου | det | high | |
| 12 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τεκμαίροιτο | obl | high | Agent/cause phrase with ὑπό: deterioration caused by time. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τεκμαίροιτο | punct | high |
καὶ ἀκρόπολίς ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα ὀνομαζομένη καὶ αὐτὴ Νίσαια·
The finite predicate ἐστιν has nominative subject ἀκρόπολις; ὀνομαζομένη is a nominative passive participle agreeing with it, with αὐτή and Νίσαια forming the naming complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 ἀκρόπολίς | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀκρόπολίς | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ὀνομαζομένη | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 2 ἀκρόπολίς | acl | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ὀνομαζομένη | cc | medium | Coordinates the repeated naming predicate with the participial modifier. |
| 7 | αὐτὴ | αὐτός | PRON | P-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ὀνομαζομένη | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, ‘itself,’ associated with the naming predicate. |
| 8 | Νίσαια | Νίσαια | PROPN | N------NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὀνομαζομένη | xcomp | medium | Predicate name/complement of ὀνομαζομένη. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καταβᾶσι δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως μνῆμά ἐστι πρὸς θαλάσσῃ Λέλεγος, ὃν ἀφικόμενον βασιλεῦσαι λέγουσιν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, παῖδα δὲ εἶναι Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Λιβύης τῆς Ἐπάφου.
The opening dative participle καταβᾶσι is a circumstantial dative plural referring to those descending; μνῆμά ἐστι is existential, with Λέλεγος in apposition and the following relative/accusative-infinitive clauses reporting tradition. The final παῖδα εἶναι likewise depends on λέγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταβᾶσι | καταβαίνω | VERB | V--AAP-D-- | Case=Dative|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 ἐστι | advcl | medium | Circumstantial aorist participle, likely dative of attendant circumstance; understood subject is plural. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἀκροπόλεως | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SGF---- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-SGF---- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 καταβᾶσι | obl | high | Object of ἐκ within the participial phrase. |
| 6 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-SNN---- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Existential subject. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 9 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-SDF---- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἐστι | obl | high | Locative dative governed semantically by πρὸς; πρὸς θαλάσσῃ means by/near the sea. |
| 10 | Λέλεγος | Λέλεγος | PROPN | N-S-M---- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 μνῆμά | appos | high | Apposition to μνῆμα: the monument is (that) of Lelex. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 Λέλεγος | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-SAM---- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun is object of λέγουσιν through the participial/infinitival report. |
| 13 | ἀφικόμενον | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-ADP-SAM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 14 βασιλεῦσαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with ὃν; temporal/sequential relation to βασιλεῦσαι. |
| 14 | βασιλεῦσαι | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-ANA---- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 15 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech, with ὃν as understood accusative subject. |
| 15 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 7 ἐστι | parataxis | high | Reporting verb in a parenthetical relative clause. |
| 16 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Αἰγύπτου | case | high | |
| 17 | Αἰγύπτου | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | N-SF----G | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 13 ἀφικόμενον | obl | high | Source adjunct of ἀφικόμενον. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-SAM---- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Common|Number=Singular | 21 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative in the second accusative-and-infinitive report. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 21 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA---- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 15 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Second reported infinitive coordinated with βασιλεῦσαι; understood subject is Lelex. |
| 22 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-SM----G | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 19 παῖδα | nmod | high | Possessive/genitive complement: child of Poseidon. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 Λιβύης | cc | high | |
| 24 | Λιβύης | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-SF----G | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 22 Ποσειδῶνος | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive parent. |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SGF---- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 26 Ἐπάφου | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἐπάφου | Ἐπάφος | PROPN | N-SM----G | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 24 Λιβύης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Λιβύης: Libya, daughter of Epaphus. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high |
παρήκει δὲ παρὰ τὴν Νίσαιαν νῆσος οὐ μεγάλη Μινώα·
The sentence has a nominative subject νῆσος Μινώα, with μεγάλη as its modifier; παρά governs the accusative place-name Νίσαιαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρήκει | παρήκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, meaning 'extends/reaches alongside'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρήκει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Νίσαιαν | case | high | With accusative, expressing location alongside/by. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Νίσαιαν | det | high | |
| 5 | Νίσαιαν | Νίσαια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρήκει | obl | high | Proper place-name governed by παρά. |
| 6 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρήκει | nsubj | high | Subject of παρήκει. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART שא | Polarity=Neg | 8 μεγάλη | advmod | high | Negates μεγάλη. |
| 8 | μεγάλη | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 νῆσος | amod | high | Predicate-like attributive modifier of νῆσος. |
| 9 | Μινώα | Μινώα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 νῆσος | appos | high | Apposition naming the island. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρήκει | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ τῷ πρὸς Νῖσον παρώρμει τὸ ναυτικὸν τῶν Κρητῶν.
The finite verb παρώρμει is the root and means ‘was mooring/anchoring’; τὸ ναυτικόν is its neuter subject, with τῶν Κρητῶν as a genitive dependent. The two τῷ πολέμῳ forms are a temporal/locative ἐν-phrase, modified by τῷ πρὸς Νῖσον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 8 παρώρμει | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 4 πολέμῳ | case | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 4 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N2--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παρώρμει | obl | high | The ἐν-phrase is temporal or situational. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 7 Νῖσον | case | high | |
| 7 | Νῖσον | Νῖσος | PROPN | Ne--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πολέμῳ | nmod | medium | Proper name; governed by πρὸς and modifying πόλεμον. |
| 8 | παρώρμει | παρορμέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ναυτικὸν | det | high | |
| 10 | ναυτικὸν | ναυτικόν | NOUN | N3S--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 παρώρμει | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective/noun meaning naval force or fleet. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Κρητῶν | det | high | |
| 12 | Κρητῶν | Κρής | PROPN | Ne--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ναυτικὸν | nmod | high | Ethnic proper noun, genitive of possession/origin. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 παρώρμει | punct | high |