Grammar parses for passage 1.44.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐν ᾗ Μεγαρεῦσι Παγαὶ πόλις, ἑτέρα δὲ Αἰγόσθενα ᾤκισται.
Relative clause headed by ᾗ: Παγαί is the subject of an existential/copular clause with πόλις as predicate nominative; ἑτέρα coordinates a second subject/predicate construction with Αἰγόσθενα and ᾤκισται. The dative Μεγαρεῦσι is the possessor/association complement of Παγαί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 2 ᾗ | case | high | |
| 2 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | R-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 ᾤκισται | obl | high | Relative pronoun referring to an understood feminine antecedent, likely χώρα/γῆ; ἐν ᾗ is locative. |
| 3 | Μεγαρεῦσι | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NameType=民族|Number=Plur | 4 Παγαὶ | nmod | medium | Dative of association/possession: 'for/to the Megarians'. |
| 4 | Παγαὶ | Παγαί | PROPN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NameType=Giv|Number=Plur | 10 ᾤκισται | nsubj | high | Plural place-name, subject of the first coordinated predication. |
| 5 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Παγαὶ | appos | high | Appositional predicate/identification: 'Pagae, a city'. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 10 ᾤκισται | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἑτέρα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 Αἰγόσθενα | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, 'the other [city]'; analyzed as modifier of Αἰγόσθενα. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 10 ᾤκισται | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 9 | Αἰγόσθενα | Αἰγόσθενα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 10 ᾤκισται | nsubj | medium | Place-name; nominative subject of ᾤκισται, with ἑτέρα as its substantival descriptor. |
| 10 | ᾤκισται | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-RIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect passive, 'has been founded/settled'; final coordinated predicate. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | U | _ | 10 ᾤκισται | punct | high |
ἰοῦσι δὲ ἐς τὰς Παγὰς ἐκτραπομένοις ὀλίγον τῆς λεωφόρου πέτρα δείκνυται διὰ πάσης ἔχουσα ἐμπεπηγότας ὀιστούς, ἐς ἣν οἱ Μῆδοί ποτε ἐτόξευον ἐν τῇ νυκτί.
The opening participles are dative plural and describe travelers: ἰοῦσι … ἐκτραπομένοις; πέτρα is the nominative subject of δείκνυται, with ἔχουσα coordinated/participial and ἐμπεπηγότας agreeing with ὀιστούς. Relative ἐς ἣν refers to πέτρα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰοῦσι | εἶμι | VERB | PAPart.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐκτραπομένοις | advcl | medium | Dative present participle, coordinated in sense with ἐκτραπομένοις; subject is implicit travelers. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 δείκνυται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Παγὰς | case | high | |
| 4 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Pl.Fem | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 Παγὰς | det | high | |
| 5 | Παγὰς | Παγαί | PROPN | Propn.Acc.Pl.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐκτραπομένοις | obl | high | Place name, accusative plural after εἰς. |
| 6 | ἐκτραπομένοις | ἐκτρέπω | VERB | APP.Dat.Pl.Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 δείκνυται | advcl | medium | Dative aorist passive participle; likely travelers turning off the road. |
| 7 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἐκτραπομένοις | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, modifying the extent/distance of turning off. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 λεωφόρου | det | high | |
| 9 | λεωφόρου | λεωφόρος | NOUN | Noun.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὀλίγον | nmod | high | Partitive/measure genitive with ὀλίγον. |
| 10 | πέτρα | πέτρα | NOUN | Noun.Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 δείκνυται | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | δείκνυται | δείκνυμι | VERB | VPresIndMp3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive/middle intransitive sense: a rock is pointed out/shown. |
| 12 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἔχουσα | case | high | With genitive, ‘throughout/across’. |
| 13 | πάσης | πᾶς | ADJ | Adj.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πέτρα | obl | low | Agrees with an implicit feminine noun, likely the rock’s surface/extent; syntactically attached through διὰ phrase. |
| 14 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | PAPart.Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 πέτρα | acl | high | Present active participle agreeing with πέτρα. |
| 15 | ἐμπεπηγότας | ἐμπήγνυμι | VERB | PerfActPart.Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ὀιστούς | amod | high | Perfect active participle agreeing with ὀιστούς: ‘stuck/embedded’. |
| 16 | ὀιστούς | ὀιστός | NOUN | Noun.Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔχουσα | obj | high | Object of ἔχουσα. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 δείκνυται | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 ἣν | case | high | |
| 19 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | Rel.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 23 ἐτόξευον | obl | high | Relative pronoun referring to πέτρα; object of ἐτόξευον with εἰς. |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Μῆδοί | det | high | |
| 21 | Μῆδοί | Μῆδος | PROPN | Propn.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐτόξευον | nsubj | high | The Medes. |
| 22 | ποτε | ποτέ | ADV | ADV | _ | 23 ἐτόξευον | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἐτόξευον | τοξεύω | VERB | VImpIndAct3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 δείκνυται | acl:relcl | high | Imperfect relative-clause predicate. |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 νυκτί | case | high | |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 νυκτί | det | high | |
| 26 | νυκτί | νύξ | NOUN | Noun.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐτόξευον | obl | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 δείκνυται | punct | high |
ἐν δὲ ταῖς Παγαῖς θέας ὑπελείπετο ἄξιον Ἀρτέμιδος Σωτείρας ἐπίκλησιν χαλκοῦν ἄγαλμα, μεγέθει τῷ παρὰ Μεγαρεῦσιν ἴσον καὶ σχῆμα οὐδὲν διαφόρως ἔχον.
The finite verb ὑπελείπετο is the root; ἄγαλμα is its nominative subject, with coordinated predicative descriptions ἄξιον and χαλκοῦν and an appositional accusative phrase Ἀρτέμιδος Σωτείρας ἐπίκλησιν. The final participial clause σχῆμα ... ἔχον coordinates a further description of the statue; μεγέθει ... ἴσον is an instrumental/dative measure comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Παγαῖς | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ὑπελείπετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 Παγαῖς | det | high | |
| 4 | Παγαῖς | Παγαί | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπελείπετο | obl | high | Place name. |
| 5 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπελείπετο | obj | medium | Accusative of respect/retained object with ὑπολείπω. |
| 6 | ὑπελείπετο | ὑπολείπω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἄξιον | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἄγαλμα | amod | medium | Predicative adjective agreeing with neuter ἄγαλμα. |
| 8 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | high | |
| 9 | Σωτείρας | Σώτειρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀρτέμιδος | appos | high | Cult epithet. |
| 10 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἄγαλμα | appos | medium | Accusative apposition: 'by the epithet/name of Artemis Soteira'. |
| 11 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Predicative/descriptive adjective agreeing with ἄγαλμα. |
| 12 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὑπελείπετο | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ὑπελείπετο | punct | high | |
| 14 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἴσον | obl | medium | Dative of measure/ respect with ἴσον. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 μεγέθει | det | high | |
| 16 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 17 Μεγαρεῦσιν | case | high | |
| 17 | Μεγαρεῦσιν | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 μεγέθει | nmod | high | Dative plural ethnic name after παρά. |
| 18 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἄγαλμα | conj | medium | Coordinated descriptive/predicative adjective agreeing with ἄγαλμα; μεγέθει is its measure complement. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἔχον | cc | high | |
| 20 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἔχον | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔχον. |
| 21 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 διαφόρως | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, 'in no way'; form is neuter singular. |
| 22 | διαφόρως | διαφόρως | ADV | ADV | _ | 23 ἔχον | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἔχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἄγαλμα | acl | high | Present participle agreeing with ἄγαλμα. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ὑπελείπετο | punct | high |
καὶ Αἰγιαλέως ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἡρῷον τοῦ Ἀδράστου·
Copular existential clause: ἡρῷον is the predicate nominative, with τοῦ Ἀδράστου as its genitive possessor; Αἰγιαλέως is a genitive of dedication/association modifying ἡρῷον. The accentless final ἐστιν is treated as the copular root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἡρῷον | cc | high | |
| 2 | Αἰγιαλέως | Αἰγιαλεύς | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἡρῷον | nmod | medium | Genitive of dedication or association; could alternatively be construed as a possessive genitive. |
| 3 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 5 | ἡρῷον | ἡρῷον | NOUN | N-ASN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί; UD commonly labels the nominal complement as nsubj in a verbless/copular existential clause. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀδράστου | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀδράστου | Ἄδραστος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἡρῷον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἡρῷον. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ Αἰγιάλειον ἔτι καλεῖται τὸ ἡρῷον.
Καλεῖται is a passive-form verb meaning ‘is called’; τὸ ἡρῷον is the neuter subject, while Αἰγιάλειον is the predicate name in the nominative. The adverb ἔτι modifies καλεῖται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 καλεῖται | cc | high | |
| 2 | Αἰγιάλειον | Αἰγιάλειον | PROPN | NeutNomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 καλεῖται | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative/name. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 4 καλεῖται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V认为mpis3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive-form ‘is called’; middle/passive morphology is unambiguous, though semantic voice is passive. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ArtNomNeutSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἡρῷον | det | high | |
| 6 | ἡρῷον | ἡρῷον | NOUN | NNomNeutSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 καλεῖται | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter nominative subject of passive καλεῖται. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καλεῖται | punct | high |