Grammar parses for passage 1.44.6
Open translation for this passage
ἰοῦσι δὲ ἐκ Μεγάρων ἐς Κόρινθον ἄλλοι τέ εἰσι τάφοι καὶ αὐλητοῦ Σαμίου Τηλεφάνους· ποιῆσαι δὲ τὸν τάφον Κλεοπάτραν τὴν Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου λέγουσι.
The second clause is compressed: ποιῆσαι is an infinitival complement of λέγουσι, with Κλεοπάτραν analyzed as its logical subject and τὸν τάφον as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰοῦσι | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 εἰσι | advcl | high | Dative absolute-like participial frame with implied dative subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἰοῦσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Μεγάρων | case | high | Governs Μεγάρων. |
| 4 | Μεγάρων | Μέγαρα | PROPN | N--PGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἰοῦσι | obl | high | Place name in genitive after ἐκ. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Κόρινθον | case | high | Governs Κόρινθον. |
| 6 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἰοῦσι | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 7 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--NP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 τάφοι | amod | high | Modifier of τάφοι. |
| 8 | τέ | τε | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἄλλοι | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 9 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/root of first clause. |
| 10 | τάφοι | τάφος | NOUN | N--NP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject complement of εἰσι. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 τάφοι | cc | high | Coordinates with the preceding nominal phrase. |
| 12 | αὐλητοῦ | αὐλητής | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τάφοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τάφοι. |
| 13 | Σαμίου | Σάμιος | ADJ | A--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 αὐλητοῦ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of αὐλητοῦ. |
| 14 | Τηλεφάνους | Τηλεφάνης | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 αὐλητοῦ | appos | high | Proper name in apposition to αὐλητοῦ. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 16 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Complement of λέγουσι. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 16 ποιῆσαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 τάφον | det | high | Article with τάφον. |
| 19 | τάφον | τάφος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | Direct object of ποιῆσαι. |
| 20 | Κλεοπάτραν | Κλεοπάτρα | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ποιῆσαι | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of the infinitive in indirect statement; construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SAF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Κλεοπάτραν | det | high | Article with Φιλίππου phrase. |
| 22 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Κλεοπάτραν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Κλεοπάτραν. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀμύντου | det | high | Article with Ἀμύντου. |
| 24 | Ἀμύντου | Ἀμύντας | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Φιλίππου | nmod | high | Second genitive dependent of Φιλίππου. |
| 25 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ Καρὸς τοῦ Φορωνέως μνῆμά ἐστι, τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς χῶμα γῆς, ὕστερον δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος ἐκοσμήθη λίθῳ κογχίτῃ.
The sentence has an initial equative clause (μνῆμά ἐστι) followed by an appositive/explicative description of the tomb and a later passive clause with a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἐκοσμήθη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 2 | Καρὸς | Κάρ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μνῆμά. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Φορωνέως | det | high | Article with following proper name. |
| 4 | Φορωνέως | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Καρὸς | nmod | high | Proper name in genitive, governed by Κάρὸς. |
| 5 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate with ἐστι as root. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 χῶμα | det | high | Article introducing the explanatory apposition. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 τὸ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 11 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 χῶμα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of χῶμα within the phrase ἐξ ἀρχῆς. |
| 12 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐκοσμήθη | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of ἐκοσμήθη in the second clause, with preceding participial/appositive material. |
| 13 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 χῶμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent describing material of χῶμα. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 χῶμα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 20 ἐκοσμήθη | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the passive verb. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 ὕστερον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 θεοῦ | det | high | Article with θεοῦ. |
| 18 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 χρήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 19 | χρήσαντος | χράω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἐκοσμήθη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the main clause. |
| 20 | ἐκοσμήθη | κοσμέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐστι | conj | high | Conjunct second predicate coordinated with the first clause. |
| 21 | λίθῳ | λίθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐκοσμήθη | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 22 | κογχίτῃ | κογχίτης | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 λίθῳ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying λίθῳ. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
μόνοις δὲ Ἑλλήνων Μεγαρεῦσιν ὁ κογχίτης οὗτός ἐστι, καί σφισι καὶ ἐν τῇ πόλει πεποίηται πολλὰ ἐξ αὐτοῦ.
The first clause is copular and straightforward; the second clause has a somewhat compressed perfect construction with dative σφισι and the phrase πολλὰ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, which is syntactically a bit loose.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μόνοις | μόνος | ADJ | A-DS--- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μεγαρεῦσιν | amod | high | Modifies Μεγαρεῦσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 Μεγαρεῦσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μεγαρεῦσιν | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive modifier of Μεγαρεῦσιν. |
| 4 | Μεγαρεῦσιν | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possessor with ἐστι; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 κογχίτης | det | high | Article with κογχίτης. |
| 6 | κογχίτης | κογχίτης | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 7 | οὗτός | οὗτος | PRON | PD-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 κογχίτης | appos | high | Demonstrative in apposition to κογχίτης. |
| 8 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 πεποίηται | cc | medium | Connects the second clause to the first; could also coordinate the sentence adverbially. |
| 11 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 πεποίηται | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun; likely indirect object/beneficiary with πεποίηται. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐν | cc | high | Connects with preceding καί. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 πεποίηται | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ πόλει. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πόλει | det | high | Article with πόλει. |
| 15 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πεποίηται | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 16 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐστι | conj | high | Perfect middle/passive form in coordinated clause. |
| 17 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-PA---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 πεποίηται | obj | medium | Likely internal object/result with πεποίηται; interpretation uncertain. |
| 18 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτοῦ. |
| 19 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 πεποίηται | obl | high | Source/origin phrase with ἐξ. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἔστι δὲ ἄγαν λευκὸς καὶ ἄλλου λίθου μαλακώτερος· κόγχοι δὲ αἱ θαλάσσιαι διὰ παντὸς ἔνεισίν οἱ.
Two coordinated clauses; the second is straightforward, while token 17 (οἱ) is syntactically problematic and may reflect textual corruption or an omitted noun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἄγαν | ἄγαν | ADV | D | _ | 4 λευκὸς | advmod | high | Adverb modifying λευκός. |
| 4 | λευκὸς | λευκός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with εἰμί. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 μαλακώτερος | cc | high | Connects adjective phrase. |
| 6 | ἄλλου | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λίθου | amod | high | Attributive to λίθου. |
| 7 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μαλακώτερος | obl | high | Genitive of comparison with μαλακώτερος. |
| 8 | μαλακώτερος | μαλακός | ADJ | A-NSM-CMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | conj | high | Second predicate adjective coordinated with λευκός. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 10 | κόγχοι | κόγχη | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἔνεισίν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔνεισίν. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 16 ἔνεισίν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 12 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 θαλάσσιαι | det | high | Article with θαλάσσιαι. |
| 13 | θαλάσσιαι | θαλάσσιος | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κόγχοι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying κόγχοι. |
| 14 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 15 παντὸς | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 15 | παντὸς | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἔνεισίν | obl | medium | Adverbial prepositional phrase 'throughout' / 'always' with διά + gen. |
| 16 | ἔνεισίν | ἔνειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of second clause. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἔνεισίν | discourse | low | Likely article-like proclitic or corrupt/extra token; syntax uncertain. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔνεισίν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
αὐτὸς μὲν τοιοῦτός ἐστιν ὁ λίθος·
Simple copular clause with contrastive μέν; both αὐτός and τοιοῦτος function predicatively with the subject, while λίθος is the predicate noun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp---mn-s- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 6 λίθος | nsubj | high | Predicate/contrastive subject with ἐστιν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 αὐτὸς | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | τοιοῦτός | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | Pd---mn-s- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λίθος | amod | high | Predicative adjective modifying the subject notion. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Ra-smn--- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 λίθος | det | high | Article with λίθος. |
| 6 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | Nb---mn-s- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominal; could also be analyzed as nominal predicative complement of εἰμί. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Ἀδριανὸς δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οὕτως ὡς καὶ ἅρματα ἐναντία ἐλαύνεσθαι κατέστησεν εὐρυχωρῆ τε καὶ ἐπιτηδείαν εἶναι.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: κατέστησεν governs an infinitival construction with ἐλαύνεσθαι and εἶναι, and the adjective forms in the final clause are irregular/ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀδριανὸς | Ἁδριανός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κατέστησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέστησεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 κατέστησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 βασιλεὺς | det | high | Article with βασιλεύς. |
| 4 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἀδριανὸς | appos | high | Appositive to Ἀδριανός. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 οὕτως | cc | high | Connects ὡς with preceding καὶ/structure. |
| 6 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | _ | _ | 12 κατέστησεν | advmod | high | Modifies the main verb. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 12 κατέστησεν | mark | high | Introduces the infinitival comparison/consequence clause. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἅρματα | cc | high | Correlative/connecting καὶ before ἅρματα. |
| 9 | ἅρματα | ἅρμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐλαύνεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Subject of infinitive ἐλαύνεσθαι. |
| 10 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἅρματα | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of ἅρματα. |
| 11 | ἐλαύνεσθαι | ἐλαύνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 κατέστησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of κατέστησεν. |
| 12 | κατέστησεν | καθίστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | εὐρυχωρῆ | εὐρύχωρος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in infinitival clause, agreeing with implied subject/correlate; form is somewhat unexpected. |
| 14 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 13 εὐρυχωρῆ | cc | high | Enclitic connective with καὶ. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἐπιτηδείαν | cc | high | Connects the paired adjective. |
| 16 | ἐπιτηδείαν | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εὐρυχωρῆ | conj | medium | Second coordinated predicate adjective; morphology suggests singular feminine, likely textual/orthographic irregularity. |
| 17 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 ἐλαύνεσθαι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement dependent on ἐλαύνεσθαι. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 κατέστησεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |