Grammar parses for passage 1.5.3
Open translation for this passage
Κέκροπα δὲ καὶ Πανδίονα---εἶδον γὰρ καὶ τούτων ἐν τοῖς ἐπωνύμοις εἰκόνας---οὐκ οἶδα οὓς ἄγουσιν ἐν τιμῇ·
οἶδα governs the content clause ἄγουσιν ἐν τιμῇ; the parenthetical εἶδον ... εἰκόνας is paratactically inserted and its accusative names are coordinated objects understood from context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κέκροπα | Κέκροψ | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 οἶδα | obj | high | Accusative personal name, coordinated with Πανδίονα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 οἶδα | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Πανδίονα | cc | high | |
| 4 | Πανδίονα | Πανδίων | PROPN | 3? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 οἶδα | obj | high | Accusative personal name, coordinated with Κέκροπα. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 8 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | V-2-ADI-1S/3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing,Plur|Person=1,3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 οἶδα | parataxis | medium | Form is ambiguous between first-singular and third-plural aorist active; contextual subject is first-person singular. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 8 εἶδον | discourse | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 τούτων | cc | high | |
| 11 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἰκόνας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἰκόνας: images of these men. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἐπωνύμοις | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπωνύμοις | det | high | Article substantivizing ἐπωνύμοις. |
| 14 | ἐπωνύμοις | ἐπώνυμος | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 εἰκόνας | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, with ἐν. |
| 15 | εἰκόνας | εἰκών | NOUN | N-AF-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 εἶδον | obj | high | Object of εἶδον. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | NEG | Polarity=Neg | 20 οἶδα | advmod | high | |
| 20 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning. |
| 21 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | RR-AP-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄγουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἄγουσιν; antecedent is Κέκροπα καὶ Πανδίονα. |
| 22 | ἄγουσιν | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 οἶδα | ccomp | high | Finite verb in indirect question/content complement. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 τιμῇ | case | high | |
| 24 | τιμῇ | τιμή | NOUN | N-DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἄγουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase expressing the status in which they are held. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 οἶδα | punct | high | Greek ano teleia. |
πρότερός τε γὰρ ἦρξε Κέκροψ, ὃς τὴν Ἀκταίου θυγατέρα ἔσχε, καὶ ὕστερος, ὃς δὴ καὶ μετῴκησεν ἐς Εὔβοιαν, Ἐρεχθέως υἱὸς τοῦ Πανδίονος τοῦ Ἐριχθονίου.
Κέκροψ is the subject of ἦρξε; the first ὃς-clause supplies his parentage/marriage, while the second relative clause identifies the later ruler as Ἐρεχθέως υἱός. The final genitives form a genealogical chain; ὕστερος is substantival and coordinated with πρότερος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρότερός | πρότερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦρξε | advmod | high | Predicative/substantival comparative adjective, coordinated with ὕστερος. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 1 πρότερός | cc | high | Correlative conjunction with καί at token 13. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G---- | _ | 4 ἦρξε | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἦρξε | ἄρχω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 5 | Κέκροψ | Κέκροψ | PROPN | NeMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦρξε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦρξε. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὃς | punct | high | |
| 7 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-RNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Κέκροψ. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-DAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 θυγατέρα | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀκταίου | Ἀκταῖος | PROPN | NeGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | Possessive/descriptive genitive with θυγατέρα. |
| 10 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-DAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔσχε | obj | high | Object of ἔσχε. |
| 11 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ὃς | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate, idiomatically 'had/took as wife'. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 καὶ | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 4 ἦρξε | cc | high | Coordinates the two ruler descriptions. |
| 14 | ὕστερος | ὕστερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦρξε | conj | high | Substantival/predicative adjective, coordinated with πρότερός. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὃς | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-RNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 μετῴκησεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the later ruler. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | D---- | _ | 19 μετῴκησεν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 19 μετῴκησεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, 'also/even', rather than coordination. |
| 19 | μετῴκησεν | μετοικέω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ὃς | acl:relcl | high | Predicate of the second relative clause. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R---- | _ | 21 Εὔβοιαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 21 | Εὔβοιαν | Εὔβοια | PROPN | NeASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 μετῴκησεν | obl | high | Destination of μετῴκησεν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 υἱὸς | punct | high | |
| 23 | Ἐρεχθέως | Ἐρεχθεύς | PROPN | NeGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 υἱὸς | nmod:poss | high | Genitive dependent on υἱός. |
| 24 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὕστερος | appos | medium | Appositional identification of ὕστερος; the copular relation is implicit. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Πανδίονος | det | high | |
| 26 | Πανδίονος | Πανδίων | PROPN | NeGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 υἱὸς | nmod:poss | high | Genitive dependent on υἱός. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Ἐριχθονίου | det | high | |
| 28 | Ἐριχθονίου | Ἐριχθόνιος | PROPN | NeGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Πανδίονος | nmod | high | Further ancestor genitive, dependent on Πανδίονος. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦρξε | punct | high |
καὶ δὴ καὶ Πανδίων ἐβασίλευσεν ὅ τε Ἐριχθονίου καὶ ὁ Κέκροπος τοῦ δευτέρου·
The subject is Πανδίων; the coordinated relative/attributive phrase identifies him as the son of Erichthonius and of the second Cecrops. The relative pronoun ὅ is neuter singular accusative in form but functions substantivally/elliptically with τε ... καί; attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐβασίλευσεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | Part | _ | 5 ἐβασίλευσεν | discourse | high | Emphatic discourse particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐβασίλευσεν | cc | high | Correlative/additive καί. |
| 4 | Πανδίων | Πανδίων | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐβασίλευσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐβασίλευσεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-RNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Πανδίων | appos | low | Likely a substantival/elliptical relative element in the identification of Πανδίων; printed form is neuter, creating syntactic uncertainty. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 καὶ | cc | medium | Pairs with καί at token 9. |
| 8 | Ἐριχθονίου | Ἐριχθόνιος | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὅ | nmod | medium | Genitive in the elliptical kinship/identification phrase. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 ὅ | cc | high | Coordinates the second genitive phrase. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Κέκροπος | det | high | |
| 11 | Κέκροπος | Κέκροψ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὅ | nmod | medium | Article is morphologically nominative despite the genitive proper name; tokenization/form may reflect textual irregularity or an elliptical construction. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 δευτέρου | det | high | |
| 13 | δευτέρου | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Κέκροπος | amod | high | Substantivized adjective: the second Cecrops. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐβασίλευσεν | punct | high |
τοῦτον Μητιονίδαι τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐξελαύνουσι, καί οἱ φυγόντι ἐς Μέγαρα---θυγατέρα γὰρ εἶχε Πύλα τοῦ βασιλεύσαντος ἐν Μεγάροις---συνεκπίπτουσιν οἱ παῖδες.
The sentence has coordinated main clauses; φυγόντι is a dative participle referring to the exiled singular male, while the parenthetical explains his connection with Megara.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PD-MASM-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐξελαύνουσι | obj | high | |
| 2 | Μητιονίδαι | Μητιονίδαι | PROPN | NPM-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐξελαύνουσι | nsubj | high | Patronymic plural used as a dynastic name. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DAFS-GEN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξελαύνουσι | obl | high | Genitive of separation. |
| 5 | ἐξελαύνουσι | ἐξελαύνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξελαύνουσι | punct | high | |
| 7 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 συνεκπίπτουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the following main clause. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | RP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 συνεκπίπτουσιν | nsubj | medium | Substantive article, ‘the children’; semantically clarified by παῖδες. |
| 9 | φυγόντι | φεύγω | VERB | V-AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 συνεκπίπτουσιν | obl | high | Dative participle agreeing with an understood singular male referent, ‘having fled’. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Μέγαρα | case | high | |
| 11 | Μέγαρα | Μέγαρα | PROPN | NPN-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 φυγόντι | obl | high | Goal of φυγόντι. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 θυγατέρα | punct | high | Dash opening parenthetical. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 θυγατέρα | punct | high | Dash opening parenthetical. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 θυγατέρα | punct | high | Dash opening parenthetical. |
| 15 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 εἶχε | obj | high | |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PTCL | _ | 17 εἶχε | discourse | high | |
| 17 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 φυγόντι | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 18 | Πύλα | Πύλα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 βασιλεύσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of βασιλεύσαντος. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA-NSM-GEN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 βασιλεύσαντος | det | high | |
| 20 | βασιλεύσαντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 εἶχε | acl | high | Genitive participle in a genitive relative-like construction, ‘who had ruled’. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 Μεγάροις | case | high | |
| 22 | Μεγάροις | Μέγαρα | PROPN | NPN-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 βασιλεύσαντος | obl | high | Place governed by ἐν. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 θυγατέρα | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 θυγατέρα | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 θυγατέρα | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical. |
| 26 | συνεκπίπτουσιν | συνεκπίπτω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Coordinated second main verb; first clause is treated as a separate root-like conjunct. |
| 27 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DA-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 28 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 συνεκπίπτουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 συνεκπίπτουσιν | punct | high |
καὶ Πανδίονα μὲν αὐτοῦ λέγεται νοσήσαντα ἀποθανεῖν, καί οἱ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ μνῆμά ἐστιν ἐν τῇ Μεγαρίδι ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς Αἰθυίας καλουμένῳ σκοπέλῳ·
The first clause is an impersonal λέγεται with an accusative-and-infinitive construction. The second clause coordinates an existential statement; καλουμένῳ agrees with σκοπέλῳ, while Ἀθηνᾶς Αἰθυίας is a genitive naming construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 2 | Πανδίονα | Πανδίων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποθανεῖν | obj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 λέγεται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 7 ἀποθανεῖν | advmod | medium | Locative adverb, ‘there’. |
| 5 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | νοσήσαντα | νοσέω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἀποθανεῖν | advcl | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 λέγεται | ccomp | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 9 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 13 μνῆμά | iobj | high | Enclitic/dative personal pronoun. |
| 11 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 12 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 12 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 μνῆμά | obl | high | Dative with πρός, ‘by the sea’. |
| 13 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 λέγεται | conj | high | |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 17 Μεγαρίδι | case | high | |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Μεγαρίδι | det | high | |
| 17 | Μεγαρίδι | Μεγαρίς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | obl | high | Region name, ‘in the Megarid’. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 22 σκοπέλῳ | case | high | |
| 19 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Αἰθυίας | nmod | high | |
| 20 | Αἰθυίας | Αἰθυία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 καλουμένῳ | nmod | high | Divine epithet/name in the genitive phrase. |
| 21 | καλουμένῳ | καλέω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 22 σκοπέλῳ | acl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with σκοπέλῳ; genitives depend on the name/epithet construction. |
| 22 | σκοπέλῳ | σκόπελος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high |