Grammar parses for passage 1.6.2
Open translation for this passage
Πτολεμαῖον Μακεδόνες Φιλίππου παῖδα εἶναι τοῦ Ἀμύντου, λόγῳ δὲ Λάγου νομίζουσι· τὴν γάρ οἱ μητέρα ἔχουσαν ἐν γαστρὶ δοθῆναι γυναῖκα ὑπὸ Φιλίππου Λάγῳ.
The sentence has two coordinated/parallel infinitival content clauses under νομίζουσι; the second has an accusative subject γυναῖκα and an accusative participial clause describing her pregnancy.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παῖδα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 2 | Μακεδόνες | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 νομίζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παῖδα | nmod | high | Possessive/relational genitive with παῖδα. |
| 4 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 νομίζουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitival content clause. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀμύντου | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀμύντου | Ἄμυντος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παῖδα. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νομίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 9 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 νομίζουσι | obl | medium | Dative of respect/qualification: nominally, in name. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 νομίζουσι | cc | high | |
| 11 | Λάγου | Λάγος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λόγῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on λόγῳ, ‘in name of Lagus’. |
| 12 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V-3PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νομίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μητέρα | det | high | |
| 15 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 21 δοθῆναι | advmod | high | Explanatory particle introducing the reason clause. |
| 16 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DM3 | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 21 δοθῆναι | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, likely ethical dative or dative of reference. |
| 17 | μητέρα | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχουσαν | obj | high | Object of ἔχουσαν. |
| 18 | ἔχουσαν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 δοθῆναι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with τὴν μητέρα; temporal/circumstantial. |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 γαστρὶ | case | high | |
| 20 | γαστρὶ | γαστήρ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχουσαν | obl | high | Prepositional complement with ἐν. |
| 21 | δοθῆναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 12 νομίζουσι | ccomp | high | Second infinitival content clause explaining the belief. |
| 22 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 δοθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 23 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 Φιλίππου | case | high | |
| 24 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 δοθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive δοθῆναι. |
| 25 | Λάγῳ | Λάγος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 δοθῆναι | iobj | high | Recipient of δοθῆναι. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νομίζουσι | punct | high |
Πτολεμαῖον δὲ λέγουσιν ἄλλα τε ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ λαμπρὰ ἀποδείξασθαι καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ κινδύνου ξυμβάντος ἐν Ὀξυδράκαις μάλιστά οἱ τῶν ἑταίρων ἀμῦναι.
Infinitival report with λέγουσιν: Πτολεμαῖον is the accusative subject; ἀποδείξασθαι and ἀμῦναι are coordinated infinitives. κινδύνου ξυμβάντος is a genitive absolute, and οἱ is a dative pronoun with ἀμῦναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λέγουσιν | csubj | high | Accusative subject of the reported infinitives. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite reporting verb. |
| 4 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀποδείξασθαι | obj | high | Neuter plural accusative, object of ἀποδείξασθαι. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἄλλα | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 8 Ἀσίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ Ἀσίᾳ. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RAFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀσίᾳ | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀσίᾳ | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀποδείξασθαι | obl | high | Locative-like dative with ἐν. |
| 9 | λαμπρὰ | λαμπρός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἄλλα | amod | high | Agrees with ἄλλα. |
| 10 | ἀποδείξασθαι | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-2AΜ- मध्य | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | First coordinated reported infinitive; spelling of xpos is normalized only approximately. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἀμῦναι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival predicate. |
| 12 | Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ξυμβάντος | obl | medium | Dative with ξυμβάντος, ‘when danger befell Alexander’; may be construed as dative of reference. |
| 13 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ξυμβάντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 14 | ξυμβάντος | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἀμῦναι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 16 Ὀξυδράκαις | case | high | Preposition governing Ὀξυδράκαις. |
| 16 | Ὀξυδράκαις | Ὀξυδράκαι | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ξυμβάντος | obl | high | Place adjunct within the genitive absolute. |
| 17 | μάλιστά | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 21 ἀμῦναι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἀμῦναι. |
| 18 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | RP3DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἀμῦναι | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, likely ‘to him’; formally identical with article but syntactically pronominal here. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RGPMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἑταίρων | det | high | |
| 20 | ἑταίρων | ἑταῖρος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀμῦναι | obl | high | Partitive genitive with μάλιστα: ‘most of the companions’. |
| 21 | ἀμῦναι | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-2AΑΝ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 λέγουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated reported infinitive. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
τελευτήσαντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῖς ἐς Ἀριδαῖον τὸν Φιλίππου τὴν πᾶσαν ἄγουσιν ἀρχὴν ἀντιστὰς αὐτὸς μάλιστα ἐγένετο ἐς τὰς βασιλείας αἴτιος τὰ ἔθνη νεμηθῆναι.
Complex absolute/genitive and infinitival construction: after Alexander's death, Perdiccas, opposing those leading the whole empire to Arrhidaeus son of Philip, was chiefly responsible for the nations being divided into kingdoms. The attachment of τοῖς ἐς Ἀριδαῖον ... ἄγουσιν is syntactically compressed and interpreted as a substantivized participial phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | V--PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Ἀλεξάνδρου | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἀλεξάνδρου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | NE--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T--DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἄγουσιν | det | medium | Article substantivizing or accompanying the dative participial phrase. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀριδαῖον | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀριδαῖον. |
| 6 | Ἀριδαῖον | Ἀριδαῖος | PROPN | NE--ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγουσιν | obl | medium | Object of ἄγουσιν in the compressed phrase τοῖς ... ἄγουσιν. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Φιλίππου | det | high | Article with Φιλίππου's implied/expressed appositional name phrase. |
| 8 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | NE--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀριδαῖον | nmod | medium | Patronymic genitive, ‘Arrhidaeus, son of Philip’; article-number mismatch in the compressed wording is retained analytically. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Article with ἀρχήν. |
| 10 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχὴν | amod | high | Modifies ἀρχήν. |
| 11 | ἄγουσιν | ἄγω | VERB | V-PPAP-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀντιστὰς | obl | medium | Dative substantivized participle, ‘those leading’; linked to ἀντιστὰς as the opponents. |
| 12 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγουσιν | obj | high | Object of ἄγουσιν, ‘the whole empire/power’. |
| 13 | ἀντιστὰς | ἀνθίστημι | VERB | V--SAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with αὐτός. |
| 14 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject. |
| 15 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 16 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἐγένετο. |
| 16 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-3SG- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 βασιλείας | case | high | Preposition governing τὰς βασιλείας. |
| 18 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T--APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 βασιλείας | det | high | Article with βασιλείας. |
| 19 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N--APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 νεμηθῆναι | obl | medium | Destination/result complement of νεμηθῆναι: divided into kingdoms. |
| 20 | αἴτιος | αἴτιος | ADJ | A--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἐγένετο. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἔθνη | det | high | Article with ἔθνη. |
| 22 | ἔθνη | ἔθνος | NOUN | N--APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 νεμηθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 23 | νεμηθῆναι | νέμω | VERB | V--APP-AN- | Case=Acc|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 20 αἴτιος | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on αἴτιος; τὰ ἔθνη is its accusative subject. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |