Grammar parses for passage 1.7.2
Open translation for this passage
καὶ Πτολεμαῖος μὲν τὴν ἐσβολὴν φραξάμενος ὑπέμενεν ἐπιόντας Κυρηναίους.
Πτολεμαῖος is the subject of ὑπέμενεν; φραξάμενος is a circumstantial aorist middle participle, while ἐπιόντας Κυρηναίους is the accusative object, with Κυρηναίους specifying the substantivized participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ὑπέμενεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὑπέμενεν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 ὑπέμενεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding contrast may be elsewhere. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβολὴν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐσβολὴν | ἐσβολή | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 φραξάμενος | obj | high | |
| 6 | φραξάμενος | φράσσω | VERB | V-ADP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ὑπέμενεν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, circumstantial: having blocked/secured the pass. |
| 7 | ὑπέμενεν | ὑπομένω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐπιόντας | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ὑπέμενεν | obj | medium | Accusative participle functioning substantivally as the object of ὑπέμενεν: those advancing. |
| 9 | Κυρηναίους | Κυρηναῖος | PROPN | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπιόντας | nmod | high | Ethnic name in apposition/specification with ἐπιόντας. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὑπέμενεν | punct | high |
Μάγᾳ δὲ ἀπαγγέλλεται καθʼ ὁδὸν ἀφεστηκέναι Μαρμαρίδας·
The impersonal ἀπαγγέλλεται takes ἀφεστηκέναι as a reported infinitival clause; Μαρμαρίδας is its accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μάγᾳ | Μάγας | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπαγγέλλεται | iobj | high | Dative recipient/source of the report. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 ἀπαγγέλλεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπαγγέλλεται | ἀπαγγέλλω | VERB | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive-like reporting verb with infinitival complement. |
| 4 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ὁδὸν | case | high | Elided form of κατά governing ὁδόν. |
| 5 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφεστηκέναι | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with κατά, ‘along the road’. |
| 6 | ἀφεστηκέναι | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V--RAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 3 ἀπαγγέλλεται | csubj | medium | Perfect active infinitive in the reported construction; subject is Μαρμαρίδας. |
| 7 | Μαρμαρίδας | Μαρμαρίδας | PROPN | N--PAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφεστηκέναι | obj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive; plural ethnic/name form. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπαγγέλλεται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
εἰσὶ δὲ Λιβύων οἱ Μαρμαρίδαι τῶν νομάδων.
Existential εἰσί takes Μαρμαρίδαι as nominative predicate/subject; Λιβύων and τῶν νομάδων are genitives of classification or partitive, with νομάδων modifying the latter genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Λιβύων | Λίβυς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μαρμαρίδαι | nmod | medium | Genitive of classification/partitive: ‘of Libyans’. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μαρμαρίδαι | det | high | Article with the ethnonym. |
| 5 | Μαρμαρίδαι | Μαρμαρίδης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper noun, nominative plural. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 νομάδων | det | high | Article introducing the genitive noun phrase. |
| 7 | νομάδων | νομάς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μαρμαρίδαι | nmod | medium | Genitive plural, likely appositional/classifying: ‘of nomads’. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high |
καὶ τότε μὲν ἐς Κυρήνην ἀπηλλάσσετο·
Simple clause: the 3rd-person imperfect middle verb is the root; ἐς Κυρήνην is a directional oblique phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἀπηλλάσσετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἀπηλλάσσετο | advmod | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀπηλλάσσετο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ may occur in surrounding context. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Κυρήνην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | Κυρήνην | Κυρήνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπηλλάσσετο | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἀπηλλάσσετο | ἀπαλλάσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, 3rd singular. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπηλλάσσετο | punct | high |
Πτολεμαῖον δὲ ὡρμημένον διώκειν αἰτία τοιάδε ἐπέσχεν.
Πτολεμαῖον is the accusative subject of the infinitive διώκειν; ὡρμημένον is a supplementary accusative participle agreeing with it. αἰτία is the subject of ἐπέσχεν, with τοιάδε predicative/agreement adjective; the exact idiomatic force of ἐπέχω is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 διώκειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive διώκειν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐπέσχεν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ὡρμημένον | ὁρμάω | VERB | V-RMPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Πτολεμαῖον | acl | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle, agreeing with Πτολεμαῖον; supplementary or descriptive force. |
| 4 | διώκειν | διώκω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἐπέσχεν | xcomp | high | Present active infinitive, dependent on the notion expressed by ἐπέσχεν. |
| 5 | αἰτία | αἰτία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπέσχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπέσχεν. |
| 6 | τοιάδε | τοιοῖσδε | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 αἰτία | amod | medium | Demonstrative adjective agreeing with αἰτία; formally feminine nominative singular. |
| 7 | ἐπέσχεν | ἐπέχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active indicative; idiomatic sense depends on wider context. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπέσχεν | punct | high |
ἡνίκα παρεσκευάζετο ἐπιόντα ἀμύνεσθαι Μάγαν, ξένους ἐπηγάγετο καὶ ἄλλους καὶ Γαλάτας ἐς τετρακισχιλίους·
The temporal ἡνίκα-clause is attached adverbially to the main verb ἐπηγάγετο; ἐπιόντα agrees with Μάγαν and belongs to the infinitival construction headed by ἀμύνεσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | Adv | PronType=Rel | 2 παρεσκευάζετο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator introducing the ἡνίκα-clause. |
| 2 | παρεσκευάζετο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-3I-I3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 8 ἐπηγάγετο | advcl | high | Imperfect middle, subject understood from context. |
| 3 | ἐπιόντα | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 4 ἀμύνεσθαι | advmod | medium | Accusative masculine singular participle, agreeing with Μάγαν and functioning in the infinitival construction. |
| 4 | ἀμύνεσθαι | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PNM-N-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Middle | 2 παρεσκευάζετο | xcomp | high | Complementary middle infinitive after παρεσκευάζετο. |
| 5 | Μάγαν | Μάγας | PROPN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀμύνεσθαι | obj | high | Proper-name accusative, object of ἀμύνεσθαι. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 παρεσκευάζετο | punct | high | |
| 7 | ξένους | ξένος | NOUN | N-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπηγάγετο | obj | high | Accusative plural object of ἐπηγάγετο. |
| 8 | ἐπηγάγετο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AMI-I3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main-clause predicate. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἄλλους | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλους with ξένους. |
| 10 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 7 ξένους | conj | high | Substantivized adjective coordinated with ξένους. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 Γαλάτας | cc | high | Coordinates Γαλάτας with the preceding object phrase. |
| 12 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ξένους | conj | high | Accusative plural ethnic name, coordinated in the object list. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 14 τετρακισχιλίους | case | high | Preposition governing the following accusative numeral. |
| 14 | τετρακισχιλίους | τετρακισχίλιοι | NUM | A-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 7 ξένους | nummod | medium | Accusative plural numeral phrase, indicating approximate total of the recruited foreigners and others/Galatians. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπηγάγετο | punct | high |
τούτους λαβὼν ἐπιβουλεύοντας κατασχεῖν Αἴγυπτον, ἀνήγαγε σφᾶς ἐς νῆσον ἔρημον διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
The accusative τούτους is the object of λαβών understood with ἀνήγαγε; ἐπιβουλεύοντας and κατασχεῖν form a supplementary/consecutive infinitival construction, with Αἴγυπτον as the object of κατασχεῖν. The antecedent of σφᾶς is τούτους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | RD---AM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 λαβὼν | obj | high | Accusative demonstrative, object of λαβών and semantic object of the main verb. |
| 2 | λαβὼν | λαμβάνω | VERB | VAAP-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἀνήγαγε | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, agreeing with the implicit masculine singular subject of ἀνήγαγε. |
| 3 | ἐπιβουλεύοντας | ἐπιβουλεύω | VERB | VPPP-PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 κατασχεῖν | advcl | medium | Accusative present participle agreeing with τούτους; construed with the infinitive as a circumstance/purpose-related participial complement. |
| 4 | κατασχεῖν | κατέχω | VERB | VAAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἐπιβουλεύοντας | xcomp | medium | Aorist active infinitive; syntax is somewhat compressed, likely dependent on ἐπιβουλεύοντας or representing their intended action. |
| 5 | Αἴγυπτον | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | NP----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 κατασχεῖν | obj | high | Accusative proper name, object of κατασχεῖν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνήγαγε | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἀνήγαγε | ἀνάγω | VERB | VAAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb; subject is implicit. |
| 8 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | RP---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 7 ἀνήγαγε | obj | high | Third-person plural accusative pronoun, object of ἀνήγαγε; refers back to τούτους. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P----A--- | _ | 10 νῆσον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 10 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνήγαγε | obl | high | Directional accusative oblique complement of ἀνήγαγε. |
| 11 | ἔρημον | ἔρημος | ADJ | A----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 νῆσον | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with νῆσον. |
| 12 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P----G--- | _ | 14 ποταμοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive here, expressing route through. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA---GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ποταμοῦ | det | high | Genitive masculine singular article agreeing with ποταμοῦ. |
| 14 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | N----GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνήγαγε | obl | high | Genitive object of διά; route oblique modifying ἀνήγαγε. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνήγαγε | punct | high |
καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐνταῦθα ἀπώλοντο ὑπό τε ἀλλήλων καὶ τοῦ λιμοῦ·
The two coordinated genitive phrases under ὑπό express the causes/agencies of perishing; ἀλλήλων is coordinated with τοῦ λιμοῦ at the phrase level.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἀπώλοντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπώλοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, ‘those/they’. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἀπώλοντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart is implicit or supplied by context. |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἀπώλοντο | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἀπώλοντο | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Intransitive middle: ‘perished’. |
| 6 | ὑπό | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ἀλλήλων | case | high | With genitive, marking agency/cause. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ὑπό | cc | medium | Postpositive enclitic coordinating the two ὑπό-phrases. |
| 8 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπώλοντο | obl | high | Reciprocal pronoun governed by ὑπό. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 τοῦ | cc | high | Coordinates the second cause phrase. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λιμοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | λιμοῦ | λιμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπώλοντο | obl | high | Second genitive cause under ὑπό. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπώλοντο | punct | high |