Grammar parses for passage 1.8.1
Open translation for this passage
ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ ὁ λόγος δηλῶσαι καὶ τὰ ἐς Ἄτταλον ἔχοντα, ὅτι καὶ οὗτος τῶν ἐπωνύμων ἐστὶν Ἀθηναίοις.
The infinitive δηλῶσαι is governed by ἀπαιτεῖ; its coordinated objects are τὰ ἐς Ἄτταλον ἔχοντα and the ὅτι-content clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπαιτεῖ | ἀπαιτέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 λόγος | conj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπαιτεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NOM-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λόγος | det | high | |
| 4 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NOM-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | δηλῶσαι | δηλόω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπαιτεῖ | xcomp | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἔχοντα | cc | high | |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἔχοντα | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Ἄτταλον | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἄτταλον | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔχοντα | obl | high | |
| 10 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 δηλῶσαι | obj | medium | Substantivized or attributive participle; τὰ ἐς Ἄτταλον ἔχοντα is an elliptical object phrase. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔχοντα | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐστὶν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 οὗτος | advmod | high | |
| 14 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐπωνύμων | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐπωνύμων | ἐπώνυμος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: 'the eponymous [heroes/persons]'. |
| 17 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 δηλῶσαι | ccomp | high | |
| 18 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐστὶν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possession: 'for the Athenians'. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λόγος | punct | high |
ἀνὴρ Μακεδὼν Δόκιμος ὄνομα, στρατηγὸς Ἀντιγόνου, Λυσιμάχῳ παραδοὺς ὕστερον αὑτὸν καὶ τὰ χρήματα, Φιλέταιρον Παφλαγόνα εἶχεν εὐνοῦχον.
Main predicate εἶχεν takes ἀνήρ as subject and Φιλέταιρον as object, with εὐνοῦχον as predicative/object complement; παραδούς is a circumstantial participle agreeing with the subject and governing the dative Λυσιμάχῳ, while ὄνομα is an appositional specification of Δόκιμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | Μακεδὼν | Μακεδών | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 3 | Δόκιμος | Δόκιμος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Personal name. |
| 4 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 Δόκιμος | appos | medium | Formulaic apposition, literally ‘by name’. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνὴρ | punct | high | |
| 6 | στρατηγὸς | στρατηγός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Apposition identifying the subject. |
| 7 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 στρατηγὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of allegiance/service. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 στρατηγὸς | punct | high | |
| 9 | Λυσιμάχῳ | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παραδοὺς | iobj | high | |
| 10 | παραδοὺς | παραδίδωμι | VERB | v-sapamn- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 εἶχεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle; subject is ἀνήρ. |
| 11 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | d-------- | Degree=Pos | 10 παραδοὺς | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 12 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 10 παραδοὺς | obj | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 χρήματα | cc | high | |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 15 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 παραδοὺς | obj | high | Coordinated with αὑτόν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 παραδοὺς | punct | high | |
| 17 | Φιλέταιρον | Φιλέταιρος | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εἶχεν | obj | high | Personal name. |
| 18 | Παφλαγόνα | Παφλάγων | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Φιλέταιρον | appos | high | Ethnic name in apposition. |
| 19 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | v3siia--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | εὐνοῦχον | εὐνοῦχος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Φιλέταιρον | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative/object complement with Φιλέταιρον. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 εἶχεν | punct | high |
ὅσα μὲν δὴ Φιλεταίρῳ πεπραγμένα ἐς τὴν ἀπόστασίν ἐστι τὴν ἀπὸ Λυσιμάχου καὶ ὡς Σέλευκον ἐπηγάγετο, ἔσται μοι τῶν ἐς Λυσίμαχον παρενθήκη·
The opening ὅσα-clause is a topicalized subject-like constituent; πεπραγμένα ἐστι and ἐπηγάγετο form the content recalled before the future assertion ἔσται μοι παρενθήκη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσα | ὅσος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πεπραγμένα | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural relative substantive, subject of πεπραγμένα. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X----D- | _ | 18 ἔσται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X----D- | _ | 2 μὲν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | Φιλεταίρῳ | Φιλέταιρος | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πεπραγμένα | obl:agent | medium | Dative with πεπραγμένα, construed as the agent/person concerned. |
| 5 | πεπραγμένα | πράσσω | VERB | V-RPP-NNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Perfect passive participle with ἐστι. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R----A- | _ | 8 ἀπόστασίν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπόστασίν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀπόστασίν | ἀπόστασις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πεπραγμένα | obl | high | Goal/event complement of ἐς. |
| 9 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ἔσται | csubj | medium | Existential/copular clause coordinated conceptually with the following ἔσται. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπόστασίν | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R----G- | _ | 12 Λυσιμάχου | case | high | |
| 12 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τὴν | nmod | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | mark | high | Introduces the clause describing how Seleucus was brought in. |
| 15 | Σέλευκον | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἐπηγάγετο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐστι | conj | high | Aorist middle, coordinated with the preceding verbal material. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἔσται | εἰμί | AUX | V-FMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Future copular/existential main predicate. |
| 19 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 23 παρενθήκη | iobj | high | Dative of the speaker/possession with παρενθήκη. |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---NG- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 23 παρενθήκη | det | high | |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R----A- | _ | 22 Λυσίμαχον | case | high | |
| 22 | Λυσίμαχον | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 παρενθήκη | nmod | high | Object of ἐς in the phrase modifying παρενθήκη. |
| 23 | παρενθήκη | παρενθήκη | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔσται | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative/complement of ἔσται; understood as an insertion concerning Lysimachus. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔσται | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἄτταλος Ἀττάλου μὲν παῖς ὤν, ἀδελφιδοῦς δὲ Φιλεταίρου, τὴν ἀρχὴν Εὐμένους παραδόντος ἔσχεν ἀνεψιοῦ.
Main predicate ἔσχεν governs τὴν ἀρχήν and the genitive ἀνεψιοῦ; ὤν is a circumstantial participle, while Εὐμένους παραδόντος is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἄτταλος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 17 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἄτταλος | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | noun-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | Ἀττάλου | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | noun-gen-masc-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖς | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive: son of Attalus. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | part | _ | 6 παῖς | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 6 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | noun-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὤν | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun in the circumstantial participial clause. |
| 7 | ὤν | εἰμί | AUX | part-pres-act-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἄτταλος. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὤν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀδελφιδοῦς | ἀδελφιδέος | NOUN | noun-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Predicate noun with understood/copular relation to Ἄτταλος. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 9 ἀδελφιδοῦς | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | Φιλεταίρου | Φιλέταιρος | PROPN | noun-gen-masc-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀδελφιδοῦς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀδελφιδοῦς. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀδελφιδοῦς | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article-acc-fem-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | noun-acc-fem-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχεν | obj | high | |
| 15 | Εὐμένους | Εὐμένης | PROPN | noun-gen-masc-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παραδόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 16 | παραδόντος | παραδίδωμι | VERB | part-aor-act-gen-masc-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute: after Eumenes had handed over the rule. |
| 17 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | ind-aor-act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | ἀνεψιοῦ | ἀνεψιός | NOUN | noun-gen-masc-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχεν | obl | medium | Genitive of relation/qualification: he held the rule as a cousin/kinsman. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔσχεν | punct | high |
μέγιστον δέ ἐστίν οἱ τῶν ἔργων· Γαλάτας γὰρ ἐς τὴν γῆν, ἣν ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἔχουσιν, ἀναφυγεῖν ἠνάγκασεν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης.
The opening μέγιστον τῶν ἔργων is elliptical and syntactically difficult; the following γάρ clause explains the deed, with Γαλάτας as the accusative subject of ἀναφυγεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | superlative accusative neuter singular | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστίν | nsubj | medium | Neuter superlative predicate/substantival subject; case is syntactically difficult with ἐστίν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐστίν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | personal pronoun, dative singular | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐστίν | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun is an idiomatic possessor/ethical dative with ἔργων understood. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἔργων | det | high | |
| 6 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 μέγιστον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on μέγιστον, with elliptical comparison/partitive force. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστίν | punct | high | |
| 8 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἠνάγκασεν | obj | high | |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἠνάγκασεν | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 γῆν | case | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 γῆν | det | high | |
| 12 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀναφυγεῖν | obl | high | Directional εἰς phrase with the infinitive. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἣν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 18 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἔτι | cc | high | Part of the scalar adverbial expression ἔτι καὶ νῦν. |
| 17 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἣν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἀναφυγεῖν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἀναφυγεῖν | ἀναφεύγω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἠνάγκασεν | xcomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement of ἠνάγκασεν; subject is Γαλάτας. |
| 21 | ἠνάγκασεν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστίν | ccomp | high | Finite γάρ clause coordinated semantically with the preceding assertion. |
| 22 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 23 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀναφυγεῖν | obl | high | Source phrase modifying ἀναφυγεῖν. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστίν | punct | high |