Grammar parses for passage 1.8.3
Open translation for this passage
Δημοσθένης δέ ὡς τὸ δεύτερον ἔφυγε, περαιοῦται καὶ τότε ἐς τὴν Καλαυρείαν, ἔνθα δὴ πιὼν φάρμακον ἐτελεύτησεν·
Main predicate περαιοῦται governs the temporal ὡς-clause and the later locative ἔνθα-clause; the subject Δημοσθένης is understood in both subordinate clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δημοσθένης | Δημοσθένης | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 περαιοῦται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 περαιοῦται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἔφυγε | mark | high | Temporal clause: after he fled a second time. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 δεύτερον | det | high | |
| 5 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADJ | A---ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔφυγε | advmod | high | Substantivized neuter accusative, 'the second time'. |
| 6 | ἔφυγε | φεύγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 περαιοῦται | advcl | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔφυγε | punct | high | |
| 8 | περαιοῦται | περαιόω | VERB | V-PEI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice, 'crosses over'. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 περαιοῦται | cc | high | |
| 10 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 περαιοῦται | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Καλαυρείαν | case | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Καλαυρείαν | det | high | |
| 13 | Καλαυρείαν | Καλαυρεία | PROPN | N---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 περαιοῦται | obl | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 Καλαυρείαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἐτελεύτησεν | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing a locative subordinate clause. |
| 16 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 19 ἐτελεύτησεν | discourse | high | |
| 17 | πιὼν | πίνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἐτελεύτησεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, sharing subject with ἐτελεύτησεν. |
| 18 | φάρμακον | φάρμακον | NOUN | N---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πιὼν | obj | high | |
| 19 | ἐτελεύτησεν | τελευτάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 περαιοῦται | advcl | high | Locative clause under ἔνθα. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 περαιοῦται | punct | high |
φυγάδα τε Ἕλληνα μόνον τοῦτον Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ Μακεδόσιν οὐκ ἀνήγαγεν Ἀρχίας.
Ἀρχίας is the subject of ἀνήγαγεν; φυγάδα Ἕλληνα μόνον τοῦτον is the coordinated object phrase, with τε linking φυγάδα and Ἕλληνα. Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ Μακεδόσιν are coordinated dative complements, likely persons to whom he did not restore/hand over him.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φυγάδα | φυγάς | NOUN | A-N--MAΣ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνήγαγεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Ἕλληνα | cc | high | Coordinates φυγάδα with Ἕλληνα. |
| 3 | Ἕλληνα | Ἕλλην | NOUN | A-N--MAΣ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 φυγάδα | conj | high | |
| 4 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A--N--MAΣ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τοῦτον | amod | medium | Agrees with τοῦτον and functions as an emphatic restrictive modifier. |
| 5 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | P-D--MAΣ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 φυγάδα | appos | medium | Demonstrative apposition to the object phrase φυγάδα Ἕλληνα. |
| 6 | Ἀντιπάτρῳ | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N--D---MS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνήγαγεν | iobj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Μακεδόσιν | cc | high | |
| 8 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | NOUN | A-N--DMΠ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἀντιπάτρῳ | conj | high | |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἀνήγαγεν | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 10 | ἀνήγαγεν | ἀνάγω | VERB | V--IAΑ3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active indicative; exact semantic force of ἀνάγω is context-dependent. |
| 11 | Ἀρχίας | Ἀρχίας | PROPN | N----NMΣ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνήγαγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνήγαγεν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἀρχίας οὗτος Θούριος ὢν ἔργον ἤρατο ἀνόσιον· ὅσοι Μακεδόσιν ἔπραξαν ἐναντία πρὶν ἢ τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὸ πταῖσμα τὸ ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ γενέσθαι, τούτους ἦγεν Ἀρχίας Ἀντιπάτρῳ δώσοντας δίκην.
The relative clause headed by ὅσοι is the object of ἦγεν; πρὶν ἢ introduces a temporal infinitival clause, with τὸ πταῖσμα as subject of γενέσθαι and τοῖς Ἕλλησι as dative of interest. δώσοντας is a substantival future participle agreeing with τούτους, expressing purpose/result of leading them to Antipater for punishment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀρχίας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Ἀρχίας | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀρχίας | Ἀρχίας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἤρατο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | οὗτος | οὗτος | DET | RD-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Ἀρχίας | det | high | Predicative/appositional demonstrative. |
| 5 | Θούριος | Θούριος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὢν | xcomp | medium | Predicative ethnic adjective with ὢν. |
| 6 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἤρατο | advcl | high | Concessive/temporal participial clause. |
| 7 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἤρατο | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἤρατο | αἴρομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle of αἴρομαι, ‘undertook/chose’. |
| 9 | ἀνόσιον | ἀνόσιος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔργον | amod | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἤρατο | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | RI-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 13 ἔπραξαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of ἔπραξαν. |
| 12 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔπραξαν | iobj | medium | Dative with ἐναντία/ἔπραξαν: acting against the Macedonians. |
| 13 | ἔπραξαν | πράσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἐναντία | advcl | high | Finite verb in relative clause. |
| 14 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἔπραξαν | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘opposition/hostile acts’. |
| 15 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | D-------- | _ | 24 γενέσθαι | mark | high | |
| 16 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 πρὶν | fixed | high | Part of πρὶν ἢ construction. |
| 17 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 Ἕλλησι | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of interest/affected party. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 πταῖσμα | det | high | |
| 20 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject accusative/nominative form with infinitive; neuter nominative/accusative syncretism. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 πταῖσμα | det | high | |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Θεσσαλίᾳ | case | high | |
| 23 | Θεσσαλίᾳ | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πταῖσμα | nmod | high | |
| 24 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 ἔπραξαν | advcl | high | Infinitive governed by πρὶν ἢ. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 γενέσθαι | punct | high | |
| 26 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | RD-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 27 ἦγεν | obj | high | Resumptive object, referring to ὅσοι. |
| 27 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἤρατο | parataxis | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 28 | Ἀρχίας | Ἀρχίας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἦγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | Ἀντιπάτρῳ | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 δώσοντας | obl | high | Dative recipient/authority with δώσοντας. |
| 30 | δώσοντας | δίδωμι | VERB | V-FA-PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 ἦγεν | xcomp | high | Future participle agreeing with τούτους; purpose or intended consequence. |
| 31 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 δώσοντας | obj | high | Object of δώσοντας in the idiom δίκην διδόναι. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἦγεν | punct | high |
Δημοσθένει μὲν ἡ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους ἄγαν εὔνοια ἐς τοῦτο ἐχώρησεν· εὖ δέ μοι λελέχθαι δοκεῖ ἄνδρα ἀφειδῶς ἐκπεσόντα ἐς πολιτείαν καὶ πιστὰ ἡγησάμενον τὰ τοῦ δήμου μήποτε καλῶς τελευτῆσαι.
The second clause is coordinated after the semicolon; δοκεῖ governs a reported infinitival construction in which ἄνδρα is the accusative subject, with participles ἐκπεσόντα and ἡγησάμενον and coordinated τελευτῆσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δημοσθένει | Δημοσθένης | PROPN | N——DS— | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐχώρησεν | iobj | high | Dative of reference: for Demosthenes. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G——— | _ | 10 ἐχώρησεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S——NFS— | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εὔνοια | det | high | |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R——— | _ | 5 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A—-PAM— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εὔνοια | obl | high | Object of πρός. |
| 6 | ἄγαν | ἄγαν | ADV | D——— | _ | 7 εὔνοια | advmod | high | |
| 7 | εὔνοια | εὔνοια | NOUN | N——NFS— | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐχώρησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R——— | _ | 9 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P——NAS— | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐχώρησεν | obl | high | Goal/extent with ἐς. |
| 10 | ἐχώρησεν | χωρέω | VERB | V—-IAI3S— | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐχώρησεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | εὖ | εὖ | ADV | D——— | _ | 16 δοκεῖ | advmod | high | Evaluative adverb. |
| 13 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C——— | _ | 16 δοκεῖ | cc | high | |
| 14 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P——-DS— | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 15 λελέχθαι | iobj | medium | Dative with λελέχθαι δοκεῖ: ‘seems to me’. |
| 15 | λελέχθαι | λέγω | VERB | V—-XMN— | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 16 δοκεῖ | xcomp | high | Perfect middle/passive infinitive, functioning as clausal complement of δοκεῖ. |
| 16 | δοκεῖ | δοκέω | VERB | V—-XAI3S— | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐχώρησεν | parataxis | high | New coordinated main assertion after the punctuation. |
| 17 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N—-NAMS— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λελέχθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive λελέχθαι. |
| 18 | ἀφειδῶς | ἀφειδῶς | ADV | D——— | _ | 19 ἐκπεσόντα | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἐκπεσόντα | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V—-AAPASM— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with ἄνδρα. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R——— | _ | 21 πολιτείαν | case | high | |
| 21 | πολιτείαν | πολιτεία | NOUN | N——A—S— | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐκπεσόντα | obl | high | Goal/state with ἐς. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C——— | _ | 24 ἡγησάμενον | cc | high | |
| 23 | πιστὰ | πιστός | ADJ | A—-APN— | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἡγησάμενον | obj | medium | Neuter plural adjective used substantivally, ‘trustworthy things’; object of ἡγησάμενον. |
| 24 | ἡγησάμενον | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V—-AMPASM— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 17 ἄνδρα | conj | high | Second participial characterization of ἄνδρα, coordinated with ἐκπεσόντα. |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S——APN— | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 δήμου | det | high | |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S——GMS— | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 δήμου | det | high | |
| 27 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N——GMS— | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 πιστὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantival τὰ: the people’s affairs/things. |
| 28 | μήποτε | μήποτε | PART | D——— | _ | 30 τελευτῆσαι | advmod | high | Negative adverb with τελευτῆσαι. |
| 29 | καλῶς | καλῶς | ADV | D——— | _ | 30 τελευτῆσαι | advmod | high | |
| 30 | τελευτῆσαι | τελευτάω | VERB | V—-AAN— | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 λελέχθαι | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated with λελέχθαι under δοκεῖ; ἄνδρα is understood as its accusative subject. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 δοκεῖ | punct | high |