Grammar parses for passage 1.8.5
Open translation for this passage
οὐ πόρρω δὲ ἑστᾶσιν Ἁρμόδιος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων οἱ κτείναντες Ἵππαρχον·
Ἁρμόδιος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων are the coordinated subject of ἑστᾶσιν; οἱ κτείναντες Ἵππαρχον is a substantival/appositional participial phrase identifying them.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | ἄρνησις | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἑστᾶσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | Adverb | _ | 4 ἑστᾶσιν | advmod | high | Predicative adverb meaning ‘not far’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ἑστᾶσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἑστᾶσιν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-Perf-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active ‘they stand’; form is ἑστᾶσι(ν). |
| 5 | Ἁρμόδιος | Ἁρμόδιος | PROPN | N-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἑστᾶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 Ἀριστογείτων | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἀριστογείτων | Ἀριστογείτων | PROPN | N-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἁρμόδιος | conj | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 κτείναντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle phrase. |
| 9 | κτείναντες | κτείνω | VERB | V-Aor-Act- Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 Ἁρμόδιος | appos | medium | Substantival aorist participle, ‘the men who killed’; appositional to the coordinated names. |
| 10 | Ἵππαρχον | Ἵππαρχος | PROPN | N-Acc-Masc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κτείναντες | obj | high | |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἑστᾶσιν | punct | high |
αἰτία δὲ ἥτις ἐγένετο καὶ τὸ ἔργον ὅντινα τρόπον ἔπραξαν, ἑτέροις ἐστὶν εἰρημένα.
The sentence has a copular construction: αἰτία καὶ τὸ ἔργον are the coordinated neuter/feminine subjects of ἐστὶν εἰρημένα, with ἑτέροις as the dative agent; the two relative clauses specify the cause and the manner/deed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἰτία | αἰτία | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 13 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἥτις | ὅστις | PRON | P-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Relative-indefinite pronoun introducing a relative clause modifying αἰτία. |
| 4 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 αἰτία | acl:rel | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 7 ἔργον | cc | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 7 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with αἰτία. |
| 8 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τρόπον | det | medium | Indefinite-relative form agreeing with τρόπον; spelling may reflect ὅντινα for ὅντινα τρόπον. |
| 9 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔπραξαν | advmod | high | Accusative of manner. |
| 10 | ἔπραξαν | πράσσω | VERB | V3PAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 εἰρημένα | csubj:pass | medium | Finite verb in the embedded content of εἰρημένα; plural subject is implicit/collective, or reflects an underlying impersonal construction. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔπραξαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἑτέροις | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰρημένα | obl:agent | high | Dative agent with the perfect passive participle. |
| 13 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | εἰρημένα | λέγω | VERB | V--RPPNN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, neuter plural, coordinated with the compound subject; takes an accusative/content clause represented by ἔπραξαν. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ ἀνδριάντων οἱ μέν εἰσι Κριτίου τέχνη, τοὺς δὲ ἀρχαίους ἐποίησεν Ἀντήνωρ ·
The first clause means that some of the statues are the work of Critias; the second says that Antenor made the ancient ones. The genitive τῶν ἀνδριάντων is a loosely attached partitive/topic genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀνδριάντων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 6 εἰσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνδριάντων | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσι | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject/topic of εἰσι; construed with οἱ μέν. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P---NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Substantival article, ‘some of them’. |
| 5 | μέν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 4 οἱ | advmod | high | Correlative particle, paired with δέ. |
| 6 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Κριτίου | Κριτίας | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τέχνη | nmod | high | Genitive of authorship/possession. |
| 8 | τέχνη | τέχνη | NOUN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἰσι | obl | medium | Predicate nominal/ablatival notion: ‘by the art of Critias’; εἰσι is understood as ‘are [works]’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀρχαίους | det | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ἀρχαίους | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the ancient ones/statues’. |
| 13 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 εἰσι | conj | high | Second coordinated clause; subject is Ἀντήνωρ. |
| 14 | Ἀντήνωρ | Ἀντήνωρ | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσι | punct | high |
Ξέρξου δέ, ὡς εἷλεν Ἀθήνας ἐκλιπόντων τὸ ἄστυ Ἀθηναίων, ἀπαγαγομένου καὶ τούτους ἅτε λάφυρα, κατέπεμψεν ὕστερον Ἀθηναίοις Ἀντίοχος.
Main clause: Ἀντίοχος κατέπεμψεν τούτους Ἀθηναίοις; ὡς εἷλεν Ἀθήνας is temporal, followed by genitive-absolute circumstances. The second participial construction is syntactically compressed and its implicit subject is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ξέρξου | Ξέρξης | PROPN | Neosg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἷλεν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the temporal clause. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 κατέπεμψεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἷλεν | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 εἷλεν | mark | high | Temporal conjunction. |
| 5 | εἷλεν | αἱρέω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 κατέπεμψεν | advcl | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | Npafp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 εἷλεν | obj | high | Plural place-name object. |
| 7 | ἐκλιπόντων | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V3P AAPtcpGen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἄστυ | acl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; the understood subject is Ἀθηναίων. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Da-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄστυ | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄστυ | ἄστυ | NOUN | Nsan | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκλιπόντων | obj | high | Object of ἐκλιπόντων. |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκλιπόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἷλεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἀπαγαγομένου | ἀπάγω | VERB | V3SAMPtcpGen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 κατέπεμψεν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute, with an implicit masculine singular subject, likely Ξέρξου. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀπαγαγομένου | cc | medium | Coordinates the participial clause with the preceding temporal circumstance. |
| 14 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Pdamp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 12 ἀπαγαγομένου | obj | high | Object of ἀπαγαγομένου. |
| 15 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 λάφυρα | mark | high | Introduces a predicative causal/characterizing phrase. |
| 16 | λάφυρα | λάφυρον | NOUN | Npan | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 τούτους | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative agreeing with τούτους in sense, despite neuter plural form. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 κατέπεμψεν | punct | high | |
| 18 | κατέπεμψεν | καταπέμπω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | Adverb | _ | 18 κατέπεμψεν | advmod | high | Later/afterwards. |
| 20 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-dpm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 κατέπεμψεν | iobj | high | Recipient of κατέπεμψεν. |
| 21 | Ἀντίοχος | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | Neosm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 κατέπεμψεν | nsubj | high | Postposed subject of the main verb. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 κατέπεμψεν | punct | high |