Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.9.3

← 1.9.2 1.9.4 →

Passage 1.9.3

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

99Greek tokens

3,283input tokens

7,189output tokens

Sentence 2

1.9.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 20
Input: 766
Output: 1,495
Total: 2,261

τοῦ δὲ ἔργου φωραθέντος καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου φόβῳ τῶν πολιτῶν φεύγοντος, οὕτω Πτολεμαῖος κατῆλθε καὶ τὸ δεύτερον ἔσχεν Αἴγυπτον·

Two genitive absolutes precede the main clause; the second main clause is coordinated to the first.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-NSG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 φωραθέντος	det	high	Article with ἔργου.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	14 κατῆλθε	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἔργου	ἔργον	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 φωραθέντος	nsubj:pass	medium	Genitive subject of passive participle.
4	φωραθέντος	φωράω	VERB	V-APP-NSG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	14 κατῆλθε	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	10 φεύγοντος	cc	high	Coordinates the two genitive absolutes.
6	Ἀλεξάνδρου	Ἀλέξανδρος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 φεύγοντος	nsubj	high	Genitive subject of φεύγοντος.
7	φόβῳ	φόβος	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 φεύγοντος	obl	high	Instrumental/dative phrase modifying φεύγοντος.
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-NSG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 πολιτῶν	det	high	Article with πολιτῶν.
9	πολιτῶν	πολίτης	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 φεύγοντος	nmod	high	Genitive complement of φόβῳ.
10	φεύγοντος	φεύγω	VERB	V-PAI-NSG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	4 φωραθέντος	conj	high	Second genitive absolute participle coordinated with φωραθέντος.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 κατῆλθε	punct	high	Comma.
12	οὕτω	οὕτως	ADV	D--------	_	14 κατῆλθε	advmod	high	Modifies the main verb.
13	Πτολεμαῖος	Πτολεμαῖος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 κατῆλθε	nsubj	high	Subject of κατῆλθε.
14	κατῆλθε	κατέρχομαι	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	18 ἔσχεν	cc	high	Coordinates the two main verbs.
16	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 δεύτερον	det	high	Article with δεύτερον.
17	δεύτερον	δεύτερος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 ἔσχεν	obj	medium	Likely substantivized adverbial accusative 'for the second time'.
18	ἔσχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	14 κατῆλθε	conj	high	Second coordinated main verb.
19	Αἴγυπτον	Αἴγυπτος	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 ἔσχεν	obj	high	Direct object of ἔσχεν.
20	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	14 κατῆλθε	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

1.9.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 1,031
Output: 2,903
Total: 3,934

καὶ Θηβαίοις ἐπολέμησεν ἀποστᾶσι, παραστησάμενος δὲ ἔτει τρίτῳ μετὰ τὴν ἀπόστασιν ἐκάκωσεν, ὡς μηδὲ ὑπόμνημα λειφθῆναι Θηβαίοις τῆς ποτε εὐδαιμονίας προελθούσης ἐς τοσοῦτον ὡς ὑπερβαλέσθαι πλούτῳ τοὺς Ἑλλήνων πολυχρημάτους, τό τε ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ Ὀρχομενίους.

Syntax is strongly participial: two main coordinated verbs (ἐπολέμησεν, ἐκάκωσεν) with several circumstantial/result clauses introduced by ὡς; the final coordination at ἱερὸν ... καὶ Ὀρχομενίους is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	3 ἐπολέμησεν	cc	high
2	Θηβαίοις	Θηβαῖοι	PROPN	A--d---	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	3 ἐπολέμησεν	obj	medium	Treat as dative object/complement of πολεμέω.
3	ἐπολέμησεν	πολεμέω	VERB	V3SAAI---	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
4	ἀποστᾶσι	ἀφίστημι	VERB	V-PAP---D-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine/Neuter\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Active	3 ἐπολέμησεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle referring to the Thebans.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐπολέμησεν	punct	high
6	παραστησάμενος	παρίστημι	VERB	V-AMP-SNM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Middle	13 ἐκάκωσεν	advcl	high	Adverbial participle modifying ἐκάκωσεν.
7	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	13 ἐκάκωσεν	discourse	high
8	ἔτει	ἔτος	NOUN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	13 ἐκάκωσεν	obl	high	Temporal dative.
9	τρίτῳ	τρίτος	ADJ	A-S---ND-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	8 ἔτει	amod	high
10	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R-	_	12 ἀπόστασιν	case	high
11	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-FA-S	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	12 ἀπόστασιν	det	high
12	ἀπόστασιν	ἀπόστασις	NOUN	N-ASF-S	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	13 ἐκάκωσεν	obl	high	Object of μετὰ.
13	ἐκάκωσεν	κακόω	VERB	V3SAAI---	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	3 ἐπολέμησεν	conj	high	Coordinated main verb with ἐπολέμησεν.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐκάκωσεν	punct	high
15	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C-	_	13 ἐκάκωσεν	mark	high
16	μηδὲ	μηδέ	PART	_	_	18 λειφθῆναι	advmod	medium	Negative connective within purpose/result clause.
17	ὑπόμνημα	ὑπόμνημα	NOUN	N-NSN-S	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	18 λειφθῆναι	nsubj	high
18	λειφθῆναι	λείπω	VERB	V-ANP---	Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Passive	15 ὡς	advcl	high	Infinitival clause introduced by ὡς.
19	Θηβαίοις	Θηβαῖοι	PROPN	A--d---	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	18 λειφθῆναι	iobj	high
20	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-एफS-G	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	22 εὐδαιμονίας	det	medium	Form encoding approximated.
21	ποτε	ποτε	PART	_	_	23 προελθούσης	advmod	high
22	εὐδαιμονίας	εὐδαιμονία	NOUN	N-ASF-S	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	23 προελθούσης	obj	high	Genitive governed by the participle.
23	προελθούσης	προέρχομαι	VERB	V-AAP-SGF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Active	22 εὐδαιμονίας	acl	high	Genitive participle agreeing with εὐδαιμονίας.
24	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R-	_	25 τοσοῦτον	case	high
25	τοσοῦτον	τοσοῦτος	ADJ	A-ASM-S	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	27 ὑπερβαλέσθαι	obl	high
26	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C-	_	27 ὑπερβαλέσθαι	mark	high
27	ὑπερβαλέσθαι	ὑπερβάλλω	VERB	V-ANM---	Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Middle	15 ὡς	advcl	high	Result clause infinitive.
28	πλούτῳ	πλοῦτος	NOUN	N-DSM-S	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	27 ὑπερβαλέσθαι	obl	high	Dative of respect/means.
29	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM-P	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	31 πολυχρημάτους	det	high
30	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-GPM-P	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	31 πολυχρημάτους	nmod	high
31	πολυχρημάτους	πολύχρηματος	ADJ	A-APM-P	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	27 ὑπερβαλέσθαι	obj	high
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐκάκωσεν	punct	high
33	τό	ὁ	DET	T-ASN-S	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	35 ἱερὸν	det	high
34	τε	τε	PART	_	_	35 ἱερὸν	cc	high
35	ἱερὸν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-ASN-S	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	31 πολυχρημάτους	conj	medium	Coordinated object after ὑπερβαλέσθαι.
36	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN-S	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	38 Δελφοῖς	det	high
37	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R-	_	38 Δελφοῖς	case	high
38	Δελφοῖς	Δελφοί	PROPN	A-DPM-P	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	35 ἱερὸν	nmod	high
39	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	40 Ὀρχομενίους	cc	high
40	Ὀρχομενίους	Ὀρχομένιος	PROPN	A-APM-P	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	35 ἱερὸν	conj	medium	Likely coordinated with ἱερὸν as an additional object, though context is difficult.
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐκάκωσεν	punct	high

Sentence 4

1.9.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 11
Input: 676
Output: 838
Total: 1,514

Πτολεμαῖον μὲν οὖν ὀλίγῳ τούτων ὕστερον ἐπέλαβε μοῖρα ἡ καθήκουσα·

The phrase ὀλίγῳ τούτων ὕστερον is syntactically compressed; ὀλίγῳ is treated as an extent modifier of ὕστερον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Πτολεμαῖον	Πτολεμαῖος	PROPN	Nea-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἐπέλαβε	obj	high	Direct object of ἐπέλαβε.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	7 ἐπέλαβε	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
3	οὖν	οὖν	PART	G--------	_	7 ἐπέλαβε	discourse	high	Inferential/postpositive particle.
4	ὀλίγῳ	ὀλίγος	ADJ	A---DSN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ὕστερον	advmod	medium	Likely dative of extent modifying ὕστερον.
5	τούτων	οὗτος	PRON	Pd--GP--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 ὕστερον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ὕστερον.
6	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	Df	_	7 ἐπέλαβε	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier of the verb.
7	ἐπέλαβε	ἐπιλαμβάνω	VERB	V3AAI3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate.
8	μοῖρα	μοῖρα	NOUN	N-----NS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐπέλαβε	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπέλαβε.
9	ἡ	ὁ	DET	Rd--NSF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 καθήκουσα	det	high	Article modifying participle.
10	καθήκουσα	καθήκω	VERB	V-PAP-NSF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 μοῖρα	amod	high	Attributive participle modifying μοῖρα.
11	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐπέλαβε	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 5

1.9.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 27
Input: 810
Output: 1,953
Total: 2,763

Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ παθόντες εὖ πολλά τε καὶ οὐκ ἄξια ἐξηγήσεως χαλκοῦν καὶ αὐτὸν καὶ Βερενίκην ἀνέθηκαν, ἣ μόνη γνησία οἱ τῶν παίδων ἦν.

The clause after the comma is a relative clause with a copular predicate; the phrase ὁι/τῶν παίδων is syntactically awkward in the transmitted text, so the genitive article at token 23 is annotated cautiously.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀθηναῖοι	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἀνέθηκαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀνέθηκαν.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	18 ἀνέθηκαν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὑπʼ	ὑπό	ADP	_	_	5 παθόντες	case	high	Introduces agent phrase with ἐξ/ὑπό.
4	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	5 παθόντες	obl	high	Agentive genitive with ὑπʼ.
5	παθόντες	πάσχω	VERB	_	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 ἀνέθηκαν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb.
6	εὖ	εὖ	ADV	_	_	5 παθόντες	advmod	high	Adverb modifying παθόντες.
7	πολλά	πολύς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 παθόντες	obj	medium	Likely accusative of respect/extent with παθόντες; syntax somewhat loose.
8	τε	τε	PART	_	_	7 πολλά	cc	high	Correlative connective.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	7 πολλά	cc	high	Connective.
10	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	_	_	11 ἄξια	advmod	high	Negates ἄξια.
11	ἄξια	ἄξιος	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 πολλά	amod	medium	Appositive/attributive to πολλά; could be predicative with ellipsis.
12	ἐξηγήσεως	ἐξήγησις	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἄξια	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἄξια.
13	χαλκοῦν	χαλκοῦς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 ἀνέθηκαν	obj	medium	Accusative singular adjective used substantively or with omitted noun; likely part of an elliptical object phrase.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	15 αὐτὸν	cc	high	Connective.
15	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	13 χαλκοῦν	conj	medium	Conjunct with χαλκοῦν; likely coordinate object phrase.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	17 Βερενίκην	cc	high	Connective.
17	Βερενίκην	Βερενίκη	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 αὐτὸν	conj	high	Conjunct with αὐτὸν as coordinated object.
18	ἀνέθηκαν	ἀνατίθημι	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἀνέθηκαν	punct	high	Punctuation.
20	ἣ	ὅς	PRON	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	26 ἦν	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun referring to Βερενίκη.
21	μόνη	μόνος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 ἣ	amod	high	Modifier of ἣ.
22	γνησία	γνήσιος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 ἣ	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective with ἦν; relation to ἣ is somewhat interpretive.
23	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 παίδων	det	medium	Article with τῶν παίδων; surface token is nominative form but function is genitive article in context.
24	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 παίδων	det	high	Article introducing genitive noun phrase.
25	παίδων	παῖς	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 γνησία	nmod	high	Genitive complement of γνησία.
26	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	22 γνησία	cop	high	Copula.
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἀνέθηκαν	punct	high	Punctuation.

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