Grammar parses for passage 1.9.6
Open translation for this passage
οἷα δὲ ἀνδράσι συμβαλὼν οὐκ ἀπείροις πολέμων, ἀριθμῷ δὲ καὶ πολὺ ὑπερβεβληκόσιν, αὐτὸς μὲν ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον ἐλθὼν κινδύνου διέφυγεν, ὁ δέ οἱ παῖς Ἀγαθοκλῆς συστρατευόμενος τότε πρῶτον ὑπὸ τῶν Γετῶν ἑάλω.
οἷα introduces a comparative/relative circumstance; συμβαλών and ὑπερβεβληκόσιν are circumstantial participles, while αὐτός...διέφυγεν contrasts with ὁ...παῖς...ἑάλω. The dative ἀνδράσι and ἀριθμῷ are governed by the participial constructions; οἱ is a dative pronoun with παῖς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἷα | οἷος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 συμβαλὼν | advmod | medium | Neuter plural comparative/circumstantial expression, likely agreeing with understood circumstances. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 συμβαλὼν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀνδράσι | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 συμβαλὼν | obl | high | |
| 4 | συμβαλὼν | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 διέφυγεν | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with διέφυγεν. |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἀπείροις | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἀπείροις | ἄπειρος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀνδράσι | amod | high | Agrees with ἀνδράσι. |
| 7 | πολέμων | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπείροις | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἄπειρος. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συμβαλὼν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὑπερβεβληκόσιν | obl | high | Dative of respect/measure. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ὑπερβεβληκόσιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ὑπερβεβληκόσιν | cc | high | |
| 12 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 13 ὑπερβεβληκόσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative modifying ὑπερβεβληκόσιν. |
| 13 | ὑπερβεβληκόσιν | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V-RAP-DPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 συμβαλὼν | conj | medium | Perfect active participle, dative plural, coordinated circumstantial participle; temporal/aspectual value is somewhat context-dependent. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ὑπερβεβληκόσιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 22 διέφυγεν | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, subject of διέφυγεν. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 22 διέφυγεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 ἔσχατον | case | high | |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ANS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσχατον | det | high | |
| 19 | ἔσχατον | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐλθὼν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective in ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον, modifying ἐλθών. |
| 20 | ἐλθὼν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 διέφυγεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject αὐτός. |
| 21 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐλθὼν | obl | medium | Partitive/separative genitive with ἐλθών: reaching the extremity of danger. |
| 22 | διέφυγεν | διαφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 διέφυγεν | punct | high | |
| 24 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 παῖς | det | high | |
| 25 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἑάλω | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 26 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 27 παῖς | iobj | high | Dative possessor/recipient with παῖς: his son. |
| 27 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἑάλω | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | Ἀγαθοκλῆς | Ἀγαθοκλῆς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 παῖς | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to παῖς. |
| 29 | συστρατευόμενος | συστρατεύομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 35 ἑάλω | advcl | high | Present middle circumstantial participle, subject παῖς. |
| 30 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 35 ἑάλω | advmod | high | |
| 31 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 ἑάλω | advmod | high | Adverbial first/for the first time. |
| 32 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 Γετῶν | case | high | Agentive ὑπό with genitive. |
| 33 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 Γετῶν | det | high | |
| 34 | Γετῶν | Γέται | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἑάλω | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent of the passive ἑάλω. |
| 35 | ἑάλω | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-2API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 22 διέφυγεν | conj | high | Aorist passive, coordinated with διέφυγεν. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 διέφυγεν | punct | high |
Λυσίμαχος δὲ καὶ ὕστερον προσπταίσας μάχαις καὶ τὴν ἅλωσιν τοῦ παιδὸς οὐκ ἐν παρέργῳ ποιούμενος συνέθετο πρὸς Δρομιχαίτην εἰρήνην,
Λυσίμαχος is the subject of συνέθετο; the two nominative participles προσπταίσας and ποιούμενος are coordinated circumstantial clauses, with πρὸς Δρομιχαίτην marking the party with whom peace was made.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συνέθετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 16 συνέθετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 προσπταίσας | cc | high | Coordinates the participial modifiers. |
| 4 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D--------- | _ | 5 προσπταίσας | advmod | high | |
| 5 | προσπταίσας | προσπταίω | VERB | V-AAP-SNM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 συνέθετο | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, circumstantial; perfective/aorist coding varies by scheme. |
| 6 | μάχαις | μάχη | NOUN | N--DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 προσπταίσας | obl | medium | Dative with προσπταίσας, likely ‘having met with reverses in battles’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 ποιούμενος | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial modifier. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἅλωσιν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ποιούμενος | obj | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παιδὸς | det | high | |
| 11 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | N-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἅλωσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἅλωσιν. |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | X--------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 ποιούμενος | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 14 παρέργῳ | case | high | |
| 14 | παρέργῳ | πάρεργον | NOUN | N-SND | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ποιούμενος | obl | high | Fixed expression ἐν παρέργῳ. |
| 15 | ποιούμενος | ποιέω | VERB | V-PMP-SNM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 συνέθετο | advcl | high | Participial clause: not treating the capture as a side issue. |
| 16 | συνέθετο | συντίθημι | VERB | V-AMI-3SG | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative; lexical aspect is perfective. |
| 17 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 18 Δρομιχαίτην | case | high | |
| 18 | Δρομιχαίτην | Δρομιχαίτης | PROPN | N-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συνέθετο | obl | high | Person governed by πρὸς in the expression ‘make peace with’. |
| 19 | εἰρήνην | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 συνέθετο | obj | high | Object of συνέθετο: ‘concluded peace’. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 συνέθετο | punct | high |
τῆς τε ἀρχῆς τῆς αὑτοῦ τὰ πέραν Ἴστρου παρεὶς τῷ Γέτῃ καὶ θυγατέρα συνοικίσας ἀνάγκῃ τὸ πλέον·
Participial phrase: ἀρχήν is governed by παρείς, with τὰ πέραν Ἴστρου as the object/extent left to the Getan; θυγατέρα συνοικίσας is coordinated, and ἀνάγκῃ τὸ πλέον is an adverbial phrase meaning ‘mostly by necessity.’ The exact attachment of τῷ Γέτῃ is semantically clear but the participial construction is elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 παρεὶς | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating particle linking the two participial complements. |
| 3 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-----GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρεὶς | obj | medium | Genitive object of παρείς; the construction is elliptical for leaving/ceding rule or territory. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 5 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P----GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 3 ἀρχῆς | nmod:poss | high | Reflexive possessive genitive modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 πέραν | det | high | |
| 7 | πέραν | πέραν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 Ἴστρου | advmod | medium | Substantivized/locative adverbial expression with the neuter article, ‘the regions beyond’. |
| 8 | Ἴστρου | Ἴστρος | PROPN | Ne-----GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πέραν | nmod | high | Genitive of reference/location with πέραν. |
| 9 | παρεὶς | παρίημι | VERB | V--AAPMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active participle; governing subject is supplied by the wider sentence. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T----DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Γέτῃ | det | high | |
| 11 | Γέτῃ | Γέτης | PROPN | Ne-----DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 παρεὶς | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/beneficiary of παρείς. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 συνοικίσας | cc | high | |
| 13 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 συνοικίσας | obj | high | Accusative object of συνοικίσας. |
| 14 | συνοικίσας | συνοικίζω | VERB | V--AAPMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 παρεὶς | conj | high | Coordinated aorist participle, sharing the understood subject. |
| 15 | ἀνάγκῃ | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-----DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 συνοικίσας | obl | high | Dative of cause or circumstance, ‘by necessity’. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 πλέον | det | high | |
| 17 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | A-S--ASN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 συνοικίσας | advmod | medium | Substantivized neuter comparative, ‘for the most part’; its accusative form is idiomatic/adverbial. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 παρεὶς | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἐπανῆλθεν, Ἀγαθοκλεῖ Λυσάνδραν γυναῖκα ἠγάγετο, Πτολεμαίου τε τοῦ Λάγου καὶ Εὐρυδίκης οὖσαν.
Temporal ὡς-clause: ἐπανῆλθεν is the subordinate root; the main clause has ἠγάγετο with dative beneficiary/husband-reference Ἀγαθοκλεῖ and object Λυσάνδραν γυναῖκα. οὖσαν is an accusative agreeing participle, predicative to Λυσάνδραν, with genitive parentage coordinated by τε…καί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 3 ἐπανῆλθεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐπανῆλθεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπανῆλθεν | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἠγάγετο | advcl | high | Aorist indicative in the temporal ὡς-clause. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 ἐπανῆλθεν | punct | high | |
| 5 | Ἀγαθοκλεῖ | Ἀγαθοκλῆς | PROPN | N-3DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἠγάγετο | iobj | medium | Dative with ἄγω, plausibly recipient/beneficiary; proper name. |
| 6 | Λυσάνδραν | Λυσάνδρα | PROPN | N-1ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἠγάγετο | obj | high | Accusative object, the woman taken in marriage. |
| 7 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-3ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Λυσάνδραν | appos | high | Appositional noun specifying Λυσάνδραν. |
| 8 | ἠγάγετο | ἄγω | VERB | V-2AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, idiomatically ‘took as wife’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἠγάγετο | punct | high | |
| 10 | Πτολεμαίου | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-2GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 οὖσαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on οὖσαν, indicating parentage. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Πτολεμαίου | cc | high | First member of τε…καί coordination. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Λάγου | det | high | Article with Λάγου. |
| 13 | Λάγου | Λάγος | PROPN | N-2GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Πτολεμαίου | appos | high | Appositional specification of Πτολεμαίου. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Εὐρυδίκης | cc | high | Second coordinator in τε…καί. |
| 15 | Εὐρυδίκης | Εὐρυδίκη | PROPN | N-1GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Πτολεμαίου | conj | high | Second genitive parent coordinated with Πτολεμαίου. |
| 16 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἠγάγετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative present participle agreeing with Λυσάνδραν; semantically ‘being daughter of’. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἠγάγετο | punct | high |