Grammar parses for passage 1.9.6
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ ὁ Λυσίμαχος πρώτοις τῶν περιοίκων ἐπολέμησεν Ὀδρύσαις, δεύτερα δὲ ἐπὶ Δρομιχαίτην καὶ Γέτας ἐστράτευσεν·
Two coordinated main clauses share the subject ὁ Λυσίμαχος; πρώτοις τῶν περιοίκων is a difficult adverbial/dative-genitive phrase, and δεύτερα is treated as an accusative adverbial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 8 ἐπολέμησεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the first finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἐπολέμησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Λυσίμαχος | det | high | Article modifying the subject proper name. |
| 4 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπολέμησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπολέμησεν. |
| 5 | πρώτοις | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπολέμησεν | obl | medium | Likely dative complement with ἐπολέμησεν; exact semantic force uncertain. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 περιοίκων | det | high | Article modifying περιοίκων. |
| 7 | περιοίκων | περίοικος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πρώτοις | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier dependent on πρώτοις. |
| 8 | ἐπολέμησεν | πολεμέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First main verb. |
| 9 | Ὀδρύσαις | Ὀδρύσαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπολέμησεν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπολέμησεν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπολέμησεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 11 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐστράτευσεν | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative 'secondly' or 'next'; form is ambiguous between adverbial and adjectival use. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἐστράτευσεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 17 ἐστράτευσεν | case | high | Preposition governing Δρομιχαίτην and Γέτας. |
| 14 | Δρομιχαίτην | Δρομιχαίτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστράτευσεν | obl | high | Object of ἐπὶ. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 Γέτας | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 16 | Γέτας | Γέτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Δρομιχαίτην | conj | high | Coordinated with Δρομιχαίτην under ἐπὶ. |
| 17 | ἐστράτευσεν | στρατεύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb, coordinated at clause level with ἐπολέμησεν. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστράτευσεν | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
Λυσίμαχος δὲ καὶ ὕστερον προσπταίσας μάχαις καὶ τὴν ἅλωσιν τοῦ παιδὸς οὐκ ἐν παρέργῳ ποιούμενος συνέθετο πρὸς Δρομιχαίτην εἰρήνην,
The clause contains two circumstantial participles modifying the main verb συνέθετο; μάχαις likely depends on προσπταίσας, and ἅλωσιν τοῦ παιδός forms the object of ποιούμενος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-SM--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συνέθετο | nsubj | high | Subject of συνέθετο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 16 συνέθετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ὕστερον | cc | medium | Links adverbial modifier with preceding connective structure. |
| 4 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 συνέθετο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying συνέθετο. |
| 5 | προσπταίσας | προσπταίω | VERB | AAP-SM-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 συνέθετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 6 | μάχαις | μάχη | NOUN | N-DP--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 προσπταίσας | obl | high | Dative complement of προσπταίσας. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἅλωσιν | cc | high | Connects coordinated object nouns. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--FS-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἅλωσιν | det | high | Article modifying ἅλωσιν. |
| 9 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-SF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ποιούμενος | obj | high | Object of ποιούμενος. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA--SM-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 παιδὸς | det | high | Article modifying παιδὸς. |
| 11 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | N-GM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἅλωσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἅλωσιν. |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 15 ποιούμενος | advmod | high | Negation of participle. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 παρέργῳ | case | high | Case marker. |
| 14 | παρέργῳ | πάρεργον | NOUN | N-DS--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ποιούμενος | obl | high | Dative phrase with ἐν. |
| 15 | ποιούμενος | ποιέω | VERB | PMP-SM-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 συνέθετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated semantically with προσπταίσας. |
| 16 | συνέθετο | συντίθημι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 17 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Δρομιχαίτην | case | high | Case marker. |
| 18 | Δρομιχαίτην | Δρομιχαίτης | PROPN | N-SM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συνέθετο | obl | high | Prepositional object of συνέθετο. |
| 19 | εἰρήνην | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N-FA--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 συνέθετο | obj | high | Object of συνέθετο. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 συνέθετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ οὐκ Ἀγαθοκλέα, Λυσίμαχον δὲ αὐτὸν ἁλῶναι λέγουσιν, ἀνασωθῆναι δὲ Ἀγαθοκλέους τὰ πρὸς τὸν Γέτην ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ πράξαντος.
The syntax is elliptical and somewhat irregular: two infinitival clauses depend on λέγουσιν, and the final genitive participial phrase forms a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RD-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Article used substantively with implied men. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | Negates λέγουσιν. |
| 4 | Ἀγαθοκλέα | Ἀγαθοκλῆς | PROPN | N-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Object of λέγουσιν. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | Λυσίμαχον | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Object of λέγουσιν in contrast. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 8 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 ἁλῶναι | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of infinitive ἁλῶναι. |
| 9 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V--ANM | Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 10 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 10 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ἀνασωθῆναι | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V--ANM | Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 10 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀνασωθῆναι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | Ἀγαθοκλέους | Ἀγαθοκλῆς | PROPN | N-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 πράξαντος | nsubj | medium | Subject of participle πράξαντος. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 πράξαντος | obj | medium | Likely object of πράξαντος with understood πράγματα. |
| 16 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 πράξαντος | case | high | Preposition governing τὸν Γέτην. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Γέτην | det | high | Article. |
| 18 | Γέτην | Γέτης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 πράξαντος | obl | high | Object of πρός within participial phrase. |
| 19 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 πράξαντος | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτοῦ. |
| 20 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ὑπὲρ | fixed | medium | Complement of ὑπέρ; genitive of the person benefited. |
| 21 | πράξαντος | πράσσω | VERB | V-AAP-SMG | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀνασωθῆναι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying ἀνασωθῆναι. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὡς δὲ ἐπανῆλθεν, Ἀγαθοκλεῖ Λυσάνδραν γυναῖκα ἠγάγετο, Πτολεμαίου τε τοῦ Λάγου καὶ Εὐρυδίκης οὖσαν.
The main syntactic challenge is the parenthetical genitive ancestry phrase modifying the participle οὖσαν, while Ἀγαθοκλεῖ is treated as an indirect-object-like dative with ἠγάγετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἐπανῆλθεν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐπανῆλθεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπανῆλθεν | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἠγάγετο | advcl | high | Finite verb of temporal subordinate clause. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπανῆλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | Ἀγαθοκλεῖ | Ἀγαθοκλής | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἠγάγετο | iobj | medium | Dative personal name; likely indirect object/beneficiary with ἠγάγετο. |
| 6 | Λυσάνδραν | Λυσάνδρα | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γυναῖκα | nmod | medium | Proper name modifying γυναῖκα in apposition or as attributive identifier. |
| 7 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἠγάγετο | obj | high | Direct object of ἠγάγετο. |
| 8 | ἠγάγετο | ἄγω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἠγάγετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | Πτολεμαίου | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 οὖσαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent in parenthetical ancestry clause. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 Πτολεμαίου | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Λάγου | det | high | Article modifying Λάγου. |
| 13 | Λάγου | Λᾶγος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Πτολεμαίου | appos | high | Appositional genitive with Πτολεμαίου. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 Εὐρυδίκης | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 15 | Εὐρυδίκης | Εὐρυδίκη | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Πτολεμαίου | conj | high | Coordinated genitive proper name. |
| 16 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 γυναῖκα | acl | high | Participial clause agreeing with γυναῖκα. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἠγάγετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |