Grammar parses for passage 1.9.7
Open translation for this passage
διέβη δὲ καὶ ναυσὶν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν Ἀντιγόνου συγκαθεῖλε.
The sentence coordinates crossing to Asia with the subsequent destruction/overthrow of Antigonus' rule; ἐπί + accusative marks destination, while ναυσίν is a dative of means.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διέβη | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 13 συγκαθεῖλε | conj | high | Finite aorist coordinated verb; subject is implicit. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 διέβη | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D | _ | 4 ναυσὶν | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, emphasizing the means phrase. |
| 4 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 συγκαθεῖλε | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 7 Ἀσίαν | case | high | With accusative, expressing direction. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-DAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀσίαν | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-DAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συγκαθεῖλε | obl | high | Directional accusative governed by ἐπί. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἀρχὴν | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-DAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-DAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συγκαθεῖλε | obj | high | Second object of συγκαθεῖλε. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-DAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀντιγόνου | det | high | Article in the attributive genitive phrase. |
| 12 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying ἀρχήν; article agreement is formal/phrase-internal. |
| 13 | συγκαθεῖλε | συγκαθαιρέω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; subject is implicit. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 συγκαθεῖλε | punct | high |
συνῴκισε δὲ καὶ Ἐφεσίων ἄχρι θαλάσσης τὴν νῦν πόλιν, ἐπαγαγόμενος ἐς αὐτὴν Λεβεδίους τε οἰκήτορας καὶ Κολοφωνίους, τὰς δὲ ἐκείνων ἀνελὼν πόλεις, ὡς Φοίνικα ἰάμβων ποιητὴν Κολοφωνίων θρηνῆσαι τὴν ἅλωσιν.
The main verb συνῴκισε takes τὴν νῦν πόλιν as object; Ἐφεσίων ἄχρι θαλάσσης is a genitive phrase specifying the extent/location. The participial phrase ἐπαγαγόμενος coordinates the transferred settlers, while ὡς introduces the result/purpose clause with accusative-and-infinitive θρηνῆσαι and Φοίνικα as its accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνῴκισε | συνοικίζω | VERB | V- AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνῴκισε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Ἐφεσίων | cc | high | Coordinates the genitive phrase with the implicit/preceding settlement context. |
| 4 | Ἐφεσίων | Ἐφέσιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πόλιν | nmod | medium | Genitive plural ethnic name; extent/territorial specification. |
| 5 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 6 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ἐφεσίων | nmod | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 8 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 πόλιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying πόλιν. |
| 9 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 συνῴκισε | obj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνῴκισε | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐπαγαγόμενος | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 1 συνῴκισε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle coreferential with the subject of συνῴκισε. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 αὐτὴν | case | high | |
| 13 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 ἐπαγαγόμενος | obl | high | Refers to πόλιν. |
| 14 | Λεβεδίους | Λεβέδιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 οἰκήτορας | appos | medium | Ethnic name used substantivally for inhabitants; appositional to οἰκήτορας. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Λεβεδίους | cc | high | |
| 16 | οἰκήτορας | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπαγαγόμενος | obj | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Κολοφωνίους | cc | high | |
| 18 | Κολοφωνίους | Κολοφώνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 οἰκήτορας | conj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally, coordinated with Λεβεδίους. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπαγαγόμενος | punct | high | |
| 20 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 πόλεις | cc | high | Postpositive contrastive connective. |
| 22 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 24 πόλεις | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive modifying πόλεις. |
| 23 | ἀνελὼν | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-2AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 11 ἐπαγαγόμενος | conj | high | Second circumstantial participle, coordinated with ἐπαγαγόμενος. |
| 24 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἀνελὼν | obj | high | |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀνελὼν | punct | high | |
| 26 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 θρηνῆσαι | mark | medium | Introduces a result/purpose-like clause; exact nuance is context-dependent. |
| 27 | Φοίνικα | Φοῖνιξ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 θρηνῆσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 28 | ἰάμβων | ἴαμβος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ποιητὴν | nmod | high | Genitive of type/content: poet of iambs. |
| 29 | ποιητὴν | ποιητής | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 θρηνῆσαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative referring to Φοίνικα. |
| 30 | Κολοφωνίων | Κολοφώνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ποιητὴν | nmod | high | Genitive of association/identity: poet associated with the Colophonians. |
| 31 | θρηνῆσαι | θρηνέω | VERB | V-AAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 23 ἀνελὼν | advcl | medium | Infinitive in the ὡς clause; may be read as result or intended consequence. |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἅλωσιν | det | high | |
| 33 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 θρηνῆσαι | obj | high | |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνῴκισε | punct | high |
Ἑρμησιάναξ δὲ ὁ τὰ ἐλεγεῖα γράψας οὐκέτι ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν περιῆν· πάντως γάρ που καὶ αὐτὸς ἂν ἐπὶ ἁλούσῃ Κολοφῶνι ὠδύρατο.
The first clause has an articular participial modifier, ὁ ... γράψας, with δοκεῖν as the complementary infinitive of περιῆν (οὐκέτι δοκεῖν περιῆν, ‘he no longer seemed to be alive/present’). In the second clause, ἁλούσῃ is an aorist passive participle agreeing with Κολοφῶνι, in a hypothetical/optative-like construction under ἂν; ὠδύρατο is the apodotic imperfect middle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἑρμησιάναξ | Ἑρμησιάναξ | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 περιῆν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 περιῆν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γράψας | det | high | Articular participial construction. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐλεγεῖα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 γράψας | obj | high | |
| 6 | γράψας | γράφω | VERB | v-sapamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 περιῆν | acl | high | Participial modifier of the subject. |
| 7 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 δοκεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | p1s---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 9 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of the person judging/experiencing the appearance. |
| 9 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 περιῆν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with περιῆν. |
| 10 | περιῆν | πάρεμι | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Lexically ‘be present/remain’; context may favor ‘be alive/survive’. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 περιῆν | punct | high | |
| 12 | πάντως | πάντως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 21 ὠδύρατο | advmod | high | |
| 13 | γάρ | γάρ | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 21 ὠδύρατο | mark | medium | Explanatory connective; dependency treatment as clause marker is conventional. |
| 14 | που | πού | ADV | d-------- | _ | 21 ὠδύρατο | advmod | medium | Enclitic epistemic particle/adverb, ‘perhaps’. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | PART | d-------- | _ | 16 αὐτὸς | advmod | high | Focusing ‘even/also’. |
| 16 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 21 ὠδύρατο | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, ‘he himself’. |
| 17 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | g-------- | _ | 21 ὠδύρατο | aux | high | Modal particle. |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 20 Κολοφῶνι | case | high | |
| 19 | ἁλούσῃ | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | v-sapmnf- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 Κολοφῶνι | amod | medium | Aorist passive participle agreeing with Κολοφῶνι; circumstantial, ‘when Colophon was captured’. |
| 20 | Κολοφῶνι | Κολοφών | PROPN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὠδύρατο | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί in the temporal circumstance. |
| 21 | ὠδύρατο | ὀδύρομαι | VERB | v3siie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 10 περιῆν | parataxis | high | Second coordinated/explanatory finite clause. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ὠδύρατο | punct | high |
Λυσίμαχος δὲ καὶ ἐς πόλεμον πρὸς Πύρρον κατέστη τὸν Αἰακίδου· φυλάξας δὲ ἐξ Ἠπείρου ἀπιόντα, οἷα δὴ τὰ πολλὰ ἐκεῖνος ἐπλανᾶτο, τήν τε ἄλλην ἐλεηλάτησεν Ἤπειρον καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς θήκας ἦλθε τῶν βασιλέων.
The participle φυλάξας introduces a temporal/circumstantial subordinate event with ἀπιόντα agreeing with Πύρρον; οἷα ... τὰ πολλὰ is an idiomatic explanatory clause modifying ἐπλανᾶτο. The object phrase τὸν Αἰακίδου is appositional/identifying with Πύρρον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κατέστη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 κατέστη | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 κατέστη | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 πόλεμον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κατέστη | obl | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Πύρρον | case | high | |
| 7 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κατέστη | obl | high | |
| 8 | κατέστη | καθίστημι | VERB | V--AAI3S | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Here κατέστη means 'entered/engaged in' war. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S--AMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Αἰακίδου | det | high | |
| 10 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | N--SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πύρρον | appos | medium | Genitive patronymic identifying Πύρρον; τὸν Αἰακίδου is a compressed appositional phrase. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατέστη | punct | high | |
| 12 | φυλάξας | φυλάσσω | VERB | V--AAPNSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 ἐλεηλάτησεν | advcl | medium | Aorist active participle; xpos marks aorist despite the conventional code ambiguity. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 φυλάξας | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Ἠπείρου | case | high | |
| 15 | Ἠπείρου | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | N--SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπιόντα | obl | high | |
| 16 | ἀπιόντα | ἄπειμι | VERB | V--PAPASM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 φυλάξας | advcl | high | Agrees with Πύρρον, understood object of φυλάξας. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 φυλάξας | punct | high | |
| 18 | οἷα | οἷος | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἐπλανᾶτο | advmod | medium | Neuter plural idiom, introducing an explanatory circumstance. |
| 19 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 18 οἷα | discourse | high | |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 21 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἐπλανᾶτο | advmod | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, 'for the most part'. |
| 22 | ἐκεῖνος | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐπλανᾶτο | nsubj | high | Refers to Πύρρος. |
| 23 | ἐπλανᾶτο | πλανάω | VERB | V--IMI3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 28 ἐλεηλάτησεν | advcl | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπλανᾶτο | punct | high | |
| 25 | τήν | ὁ | DET | S--SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἄλλην | det | high | |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἄλλην | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Ἤπειρον | amod | high | |
| 28 | ἐλεηλάτησεν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V--AAI3S | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Coordinated finite predicate with ἦλθε; lemma/function is lexically uncertain for ἐλεηλατέω. |
| 29 | Ἤπειρον | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | N--SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐλεηλάτησεν | obj | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 34 ἦλθε | cc | high | |
| 31 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 θήκας | case | high | With accusative, directional. |
| 32 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | S--PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 θήκας | det | high | |
| 33 | θήκας | θήκη | NOUN | N--PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 34 ἦλθε | obl | high | |
| 34 | ἦλθε | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V--AAI3S | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 28 ἐλεηλάτησεν | conj | high | |
| 35 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 βασιλέων | det | high | |
| 36 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 θήκας | nmod | high | |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐλεηλάτησεν | punct | high |