Grammar parses for passage 10.1.11
Open translation for this passage
εὑρέθη δὲ καὶ ὕστερον τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν οὐκ ἀποδέον σοφίᾳ τῶν προτέρων.
Impersonal εὑρέθη governs the predicate adjective ἀποδέον; τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν is the dative of the experiencer/possessor, and σοφίᾳ is a dative of respect or measure. ἀποδέον is neuter singular agreeing with an implicit neuter subject or functioning predicatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὑρέθη | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AAP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εὑρέθη | discourse | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὕστερον | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 1 εὑρέθη | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative or lexicalized adverb, ‘later’. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀποδέον | iobj | high | |
| 6 | Φωκεῦσιν | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τοῖς | flat | high | |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PRT | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἀποδέον | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἀποδέον | ἀποδέω | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 εὑρέθη | xcomp | medium | Neuter singular predicate adjective/participle; exact lexical analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | σοφίᾳ | σοφία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδέον | obl | medium | Dative of respect or measure: ‘not falling short in wisdom’. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 προτέρων | det | high | |
| 11 | προτέρων | πρότερος | ADJ | A-GPM-C | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 σοφίᾳ | nmod | high | Substantivized comparative adjective, ‘the earlier ones’. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εὑρέθη | punct | high |
ὡς γὰρ δὴ τὰ στρατόπεδα ἀντεκάθητο περὶ τὴν ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐσβολήν, λογάδες Φωκέων πεντακόσιοι φυλάσσοντες πλήρη τὸν κύκλον τῆς σελήνης ἐπιχειροῦσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ τοῖς Θεσσαλοῖς, αὐτοί τε ἀληλιμμένοι γύψῳ καὶ ἐνδεδυκότες ὅπλα λευκὰ ἐπὶ τῇ γύψῳ.
Temporal ὡς-clause (with γάρ/δή) sets the scene; ἀντεκάθητο is singular with neuter-plural τὰ στρατόπεδα. The main clause has λογάδες as subject of ἐπιχειροῦσιν, with φυλάσσοντες modifying it; αὐτοί τε ... καὶ ... are coordinated predicative participles, and ἐπὶ τῇ γύψῳ modifies ἐνδεδυκότες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Rel | 6 ἀντεκάθητο | mark | high | Temporal/subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἀντεκάθητο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἀντεκάθητο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NNP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 στρατόπεδα | det | high | |
| 5 | στρατόπεδα | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N---NNP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀντεκάθητο | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject with singular verb. |
| 6 | ἀντεκάθητο | ἀντι-κάθημαι | VERB | V3SIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 23 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | advcl | medium | Imperfect middle; singular agreement with collective/neuter-plural subject. |
| 7 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R---A-- | _ | 12 ἐσβολήν | case | high | With accusative, around/regarding. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἐσβολήν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R---A-- | _ | 11 Φωκίδα | case | high | Directional preposition. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Φωκίδα | det | high | |
| 11 | Φωκίδα | Φωκίς | PROPN | Ne---A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐσβολήν | nmod | high | Accusative place-name under ἐς. |
| 12 | ἐσβολήν | ἐσβολή | NOUN | N---A-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀντεκάθητο | obl | high | Object of περί: the invasion/entry. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | λογάδες | λογάς | NOUN | N---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | nsubj | high | Main-clause subject. |
| 15 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | Ne---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 λογάδες | nmod | high | Genitive of belonging. |
| 16 | πεντακόσιοι | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | M---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 14 λογάδες | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral agreeing with λογάδες. |
| 17 | φυλάσσοντες | φυλάσσω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 λογάδες | acl | high | Supplementary/attributive participle modifying λογάδες. |
| 18 | πλήρη | πλήρης | ADJ | A---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κύκλον | amod | medium | Form is masculine accusative singular; likely agrees with implied/elliptic κύκλον, though πλήρης may also show variant agreement. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 κύκλον | det | high | |
| 20 | κύκλον | κύκλος | NOUN | N---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 φυλάσσοντες | obj | high | Object of φυλάσσοντες. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T---GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 σελήνης | det | high | |
| 22 | σελήνης | σελήνη | NOUN | N---GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κύκλον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κύκλον. |
| 23 | ἐπιχειροῦσιν | ἐπιχειρέω | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R---D-- | _ | 26 νυκτὶ | case | high | Locative preposition. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T---DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 26 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N---DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | obl | high | Time expression. |
| 27 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 Θεσσαλοῖς | det | high | |
| 28 | Θεσσαλοῖς | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | Ne---D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | iobj | high | Dative target/adversary with ἐπιχειρέω. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 αὐτοί | punct | high | |
| 30 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 32 ἀληλιμμένοι | nsubj | high | Emphatic pronoun, subject of participial supplement. |
| 31 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ἀληλιμμένοι | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 32 | ἀληλιμμένοι | ἀλείφω | VERB | V-RPP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 23 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, supplementary/predicative; καί coordinates the second participle. |
| 33 | γύψῳ | γύψος | NOUN | N---DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἀληλιμμένοι | obl | high | Instrumental dative with ἀλείφω. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἐνδεδυκότες | cc | high | Coordinates ἐνδεδυκότες with ἀληλιμμένοι. |
| 35 | ἐνδεδυκότες | ἐνδύω | VERB | V-RAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 32 ἀληλιμμένοι | conj | high | Perfect active participle, coordinated with ἀληλιμμένοι. |
| 36 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N---ANP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 ἐνδεδυκότες | obj | high | Object of ἐνδύω. |
| 37 | λευκὰ | λευκός | ADJ | A---ANP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 ὅπλα | amod | high | |
| 38 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R---D-- | _ | 40 γύψῳ | case | high | With dative, on/upon. |
| 39 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T---DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 γύψῳ | det | high | |
| 40 | γύψῳ | γύψος | NOUN | N---DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἐνδεδυκότες | obl | high | Prepositional complement modifying ἐνδεδυκότες. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα ἐξεργασθῆναι φόνον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν λέγεται πλεῖστον, θειότερόν τι ἡγουμένων ἢ κατὰ ἔφοδον πολεμίων τὸ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ συμβαῖνον.
The impersonal λέγεται governs the articular infinitive ἐξεργασθῆναι, with φόνον as its accusative subject/object-like complement; θειότερόν τι ἡγουμένων is a genitive absolute, contrasting the event with ordinary nighttime assault.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D— | _ | 6 λέγεται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἐξεργασθῆναι | ἐξεργάζομαι | VERB | V—AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 6 λέγεται | csubj | medium | Infinitive governed by impersonal λέγεται; interpreted as a passive aorist. |
| 3 | φόνον | φόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἐξεργασθῆναι | obj | medium | Accusative complement of the infinitive; semantically the thing perpetrated. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Θεσσαλῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | Θεσσαλῶν | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 φόνον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φόνον. |
| 6 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASM-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 φόνον | amod | medium | Superlative modifying φόνον, with an understood quantitative sense. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 9 | θειότερόν | θεῖος | ADJ | A-ASN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἡγουμένων | obj | medium | Comparative neuter substantivized adjective, object of ἡγουμένων. |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | X-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 θειότερόν | advmod | medium | Indefinite enclitic, giving the comparative an attenuated sense ('somewhat'). |
| 11 | ἡγουμένων | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMPGPN | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 λέγεται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C— | _ | 14 ἔφοδον | cc | high | Coordinates the comparative standard with the following phrase. |
| 13 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R— | _ | 14 ἔφοδον | case | high | |
| 14 | ἔφοδον | ἔφοδος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 θειότερόν | obl | high | Accusative object of κατά, functioning as comparative standard. |
| 15 | πολεμίων | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔφοδον | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive plural, 'of enemies'. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 συμβαῖνον | det | high | Article nominalizing the participle. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R— | _ | 19 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 19 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 συμβαῖνον | obl | high | |
| 20 | συμβαῖνον | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-PAPNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔφοδον | nmod | medium | Substantivized nominative neuter participle: 'what happens at night'; linked to ἔφοδον as its semantic standard. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγεται | punct | high |