Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.2.1

← 10.1.11 10.2.2 →

Passage 10.2.1

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3sentences parsed

73Greek tokens

2,445input tokens

5,606output tokens

Sentence 1

10.2.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 36
Input: 921
Output: 2,649
Total: 3,570

ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην ὁ Περσῶν στρατὸς διέβη, λέγεται τοὺς Φωκέας φρονῆσαι μὲν ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης τὰ βασιλέως, αὐτομολῆσαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν Μήδων καὶ ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν παρὰ τὸ ἔργον τὸ Πλαταιᾶσι παρατάξασθαι.

The ἐπεὶ-clause is temporal with διέβη as its root; λέγεται introduces an accusative-and-infinitive construction, with τοὺς Φωκέας as the shared accusative subject of φρονῆσαι, αὐτομολῆσαι, and παρατάξασθαι. The final infinitive phrase is somewhat compressed: τὸ ἔργον τὸ Πλαταιᾶσι likely means the action at Plataea, with παρὰ marking deviation from the expected course.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπεὶ	ἐπεί	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Rel	9 διέβη	mark	high	Temporal subordinating conjunction.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	9 διέβη	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	5 Εὐρώπην	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
4	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 Εὐρώπην	det	high
5	Εὐρώπην	Εὐρώπη	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 διέβη	obl	high	Goal/location of crossing.
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 στρατὸς	det	high
7	Περσῶν	Πέρσης	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 στρατὸς	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on στρατός.
8	στρατὸς	στρατός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 διέβη	nsubj	high
9	διέβη	διαβαίνω	VERB	V-3AAI-S	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist indicative, temporal-clause predicate.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 διέβη	punct	high
11	λέγεται	λέγω	VERB	V-3SPI-S	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	parataxis	medium	Main reporting verb after the temporal clause; passive impersonal 'it is said'.
12	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	13 Φωκέας	det	high
13	Φωκέας	Φωκεύς	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 φρονῆσαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitival construction.
14	φρονῆσαι	φρονέω	VERB	V-2AAI	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	11 λέγεται	ccomp	high	First coordinated infinitive governed by λέγεται.
15	μὲν	μέν	PART	PRT	_	14 φρονῆσαι	advmod	high	Correlative particle balanced by δὲ at token 22.
16	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	17 ἀνάγκης	case	high	With genitive, expressing cause or compulsion.
17	ἀνάγκης	ἀνάγκη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 φρονῆσαι	obl	high	Causal/agentive phrase: under compulsion.
18	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	19 βασιλέως	det	high
19	βασιλέως	βασιλεύς	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 φρονῆσαι	obj	medium	Articular neuter plural phrase τὰ βασιλέως, with βασιλέως as dependent genitive; ellipsis or substantival usage is compressed.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 φρονῆσαι	punct	high
21	αὐτομολῆσαι	αὐτομολέω	VERB	V-2AAI	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	14 φρονῆσαι	conj	high	Second coordinated infinitive sharing the accusative subject Φωκέας.
22	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 αὐτομολῆσαι	cc	high	Second member of μέν...δέ.
23	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	25 Μήδων	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
24	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 Μήδων	det	high
25	Μήδων	Μῆδος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 αὐτομολῆσαι	obl	high	Source or allegiance from which they defected.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἐς	cc	high	Coordinates the two ἐς phrases.
27	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	29 Ἑλληνικὸν	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
28	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 Ἑλληνικὸν	det	high
29	Ἑλληνικὸν	Ἑλληνικός	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 αὐτομολῆσαι	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, 'the Greek side/army'.
30	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	32 ἔργον	case	medium	Preposition with accusative; semantic relation is somewhat compressed.
31	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	32 ἔργον	det	high
32	ἔργον	ἔργον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 παρατάξασθαι	obl	medium	Object of παρά in the compressed final phrase.
33	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	34 Πλαταιᾶσι	det	high	Article agreeing with dative place-name.
34	Πλαταιᾶσι	Πλαταιαί	PROPN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	32 ἔργον	nmod	medium	Dative place-name, likely locative: at Plataea; token 33 appears an attributive article with ellipsis or textual compression.
35	παρατάξασθαι	παρατάσσω	VERB	V-1ADI	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	21 αὐτομολῆσαι	conj	high	Third coordinated infinitive, sharing Φωκέας as accusative subject.
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 λέγεται	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.2.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 10
Input: 679
Output: 808
Total: 1,487

χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον κατέλαβεν αὐτοὺς ζημιωθῆναι χρήμασιν ὑπὸ Ἀμφικτυόνων·

κατέλαβεν takes the accusative αὐτούς as subject of the complementary infinitive ζημιωθῆναι; χρήμασιν is an instrumental dative, and ὑπό with the genitive marks the agent. ὕστερον is an adverbial temporal modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	χρόνῳ	χρόνος	NOUN	N-dat-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 κατέλαβεν	obl	high	Temporal dative.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Cୄ	_	4 κατέλαβεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	A-acc-sg-neut	Degree=Pos	4 κατέλαβεν	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, ‘later’.
4	κατέλαβεν	καταλαμβάνω	VERB	V-aor-act-ind-3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite matrix verb.
5	αὐτοὺς	αὐτός	PRON	P-pers-acc-pl-masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	6 ζημιωθῆναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
6	ζημιωθῆναι	ζημιόω	VERB	V-aor-pass-inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	4 κατέλαβεν	xcomp	high	Complementary aorist passive infinitive.
7	χρήμασιν	χρῆμα	NOUN	N-dat-pl-neut	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 ζημιωθῆναι	obl	high	Dative of penalty or means: fined in money.
8	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	9 Ἀμφικτυόνων	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive agent.
9	Ἀμφικτυόνων	Ἀμφικτύονες	PROPN	N-gen-pl-masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ζημιωθῆναι	obl:agent	high	Agent of the passive infinitive.
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	4 κατέλαβεν	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.2.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 27
Input: 845
Output: 2,149
Total: 2,994

οὐδὲ ἔχω τοῦ λόγου τὸ ἀληθὲς ἐξευρεῖν εἴτε ἀδικήσασιν ἐπεβλήθη σφίσιν εἴτε Θεσσαλοὶ κατὰ τὸ ἐκ παλαιοῦ μῖσος γενέσθαι τὴν ζημίαν τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἦσαν οἱ πράξαντες.

The sentence has an omitted/elliptical construction: ἔχω governs the infinitive ἐξευρεῖν with τὸ ἀληθές as its object; the εἴτε...εἴτε alternatives explain the uncertain cause of the penalty. In the second alternative, Θεσσαλοὶ are subject of ἦσαν, with οἱ πράξαντες as a substantive participial predicate and γενέσθαι dependent on the implied content of the action; some attachment choices are necessarily uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	Conj	Polarity=Neg	2 ἔχω	cc	high
2	ἔχω	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Polarity=Neg\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Negation supplied by οὐδέ.
3	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 λόγου	det	high
4	λόγου	λόγος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 ἔχω	nmod	high	Genitive with ἔχω, ‘have knowledge/account of’.
5	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἀληθὲς	det	high
6	ἀληθὲς	ἀληθής	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἐξευρεῖν	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, subject-like accusative/predicative content with ἐξευρεῖν.
7	ἐξευρεῖν	ἐξευρίσκω	VERB	V-2AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	2 ἔχω	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive.
8	εἴτε	εἴτε	SCONJ	Conj	_	9 ἀδικήσασιν	mark	high	First member of εἴτε...εἴτε.
9	ἀδικήσασιν	ἀδικέω	VERB	V-AAP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	10 ἐπεβλήθη	advcl	medium	Dative plural participle, probably referring to the Phocians: ‘for having acted unjustly’.
10	ἐπεβλήθη	ἐπιβάλλω	VERB	V-API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	7 ἐξευρεῖν	ccomp	medium	Passive ‘was imposed’; subject is understood ζημίαν, with unusual word order.
11	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-D3P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	10 ἐπεβλήθη	iobj	high	Dative recipient/affected party.
12	εἴτε	εἴτε	SCONJ	Conj	_	13 Θεσσαλοὶ	mark	high	Second member of εἴτε...εἴτε.
13	Θεσσαλοὶ	Θεσσαλός	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ἦσαν	nsubj	high
14	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	18 μῖσος	case	high
15	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 μῖσος	det	high
16	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	17 παλαιοῦ	case	high
17	παλαιοῦ	παλαιός	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 μῖσος	amod	high	Substantivized/elliptical with ἐκ: ‘from of old’.
18	μῖσος	μῖσος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 γενέσθαι	obl	high	Object of κατά: ‘according to the ancient hatred’.
19	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	26 πράξαντες	xcomp	medium	Infinitive in an elliptical expression involving the penalty; attachment to πράξαντες is syntactically uncertain.
20	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ζημίαν	det	high
21	ζημίαν	ζημία	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἐπεβλήθη	nsubj:pass	medium	Accusative form is retained in the source despite passive ἐπεβλήθη; may reflect an elliptical construction.
22	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 Φωκεῦσιν	det	high
23	Φωκεῦσιν	Φωκεύς	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ζημίαν	obl	high	Dative of the persons fined/affected.
24	ἦσαν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	7 ἐξευρεῖν	advcl	medium	Forms the second εἴτε alternative; copular clause with οἱ πράξαντες.
25	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 πράξαντες	det	high	Article substantivizing the participle.
26	πράξαντες	πράσσω	VERB	V-AAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	24 ἦσαν	nsubj	high	Substantivized participle, predicate nominal in the copular clause.
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	2 ἔχω	punct	high

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