Grammar parses for passage 10.2.2
Open translation for this passage
ἐχόντων δὲ ἀθύμως αὐτῶν πρὸς τῆς ζημίας τὸ μέγεθος, Φιλόμηλος σφᾶς ὑπολαβὼν ὁ Θεοτίμου,
Genitive absolute ἐχόντων ... αὐτῶν is concessive or circumstantial; πρὸς τῆς ζημίας τὸ μέγεθος expresses their dejection in view of the magnitude of the loss. The matrix clause is left incomplete, with Φιλόμηλος as subject and σφᾶς as object of ὑπολαβών; Θεοτίμου is a genitive patronymic/name dependent on Φιλόμηλος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; exact relation is circumstantial/concessive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἐχόντων | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀθύμως | ἄθυμος | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 1 ἐχόντων | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐχόντων. |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐχόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ζημίας | case | medium | Preposition governing τῆς ζημίας; phrase relates the dejection to the loss. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-GFS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ζημίας | det | high | |
| 7 | ζημίας | ζημία | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μέγεθος | nmod | medium | Object of πρός; semantically linked to μέγεθος in the prepositional phrase. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S-ANS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μέγεθος | det | high | |
| 9 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐχόντων | obl | medium | Accusative phrase governed semantically by πρός; ζημίας is its dependent genitive. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐχόντων | punct | high | |
| 11 | Φιλόμηλος | Φιλόμηλος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Subject of the incomplete main clause; nominative personal name. |
| 12 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 ὑπολαβὼν | obj | high | Object of ὑπολαβών. |
| 13 | ὑπολαβὼν | ὑπολαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 Φιλόμηλος | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Φιλόμηλος; governs σφᾶς. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S-GMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Θεοτίμου | det | high | Article in a genitive name/patronymic phrase; syntactically unusual with the supplied punctuation. |
| 15 | Θεοτίμου | Θεότιμος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Φιλόμηλος | nmod | low | Genitive personal name, probably patronymic or identifying phrase dependent on Φιλόμηλος; article-form sequence is difficult. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Φιλόμηλος | punct | high |
Φωκέων οὐδενὸς ἀξιώματι ὕστερος—πατρὶς δὲ αὐτῷ Λέδων τῶν ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἦν πόλεων—
The passage consists of two juxtaposed clauses: an elliptical comparison with ὕστερος and a nominal clause identifying Ledon as his fatherland; the second clause is syntactically independent despite the dashes.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N- gen pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὕστερος | nmod | high | Genitive plural ethnic name, dependent on ἀξιώματι. |
| 2 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | A- gen sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὕστερος | obl | medium | Partitive/comparative genitive with ὕστερος; masculine agreement is understood with a person. |
| 3 | ἀξιώματι | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N- dat sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὕστερος | obl | high | Dative of respect with ὕστερος. |
| 4 | ὕστερος | ὕστερος | ADJ | A- nom sg masc | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate adjective; copula is omitted in the first nominal clause. |
| 5 | — | — | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὕστερος | punct | high | |
| 6 | πατρὶς | πατρίς | NOUN | N- nom sg fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | cc:preconj | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P- dat sg masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 πατρὶς | nmod | high | Dative possessor with πατρίς. |
| 9 | Λέδων | Λέδων | PROPN | N- nom sg fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πατρὶς | appos | high | Apposition specifying πατρίς. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- gen pl fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 πόλεων | det | high | Article introducing the genitive complement of πόλεων. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 12 Φωκεῦσιν | case | high | Preposition governing dative Φωκεῦσιν. |
| 12 | Φωκεῦσιν | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N- dat pl masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 πόλεων | nmod | high | With ἐν, location within the Phocian territory/people; modifies πόλεων. |
| 13 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V- impf act ind 3sg | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula of the second nominal clause. |
| 14 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N- gen pl fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Λέδων | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive phrase: Λέδων was one of the cities in Phocis. |
| 15 | — | — | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | punct | high |
οὗτος οὖν ὁ Φιλόμηλος τήν τε ἔκτισιν αὐτοῖς ἀδύνατον ἀπέφηνε τῶν χρημάτων
ἀπέφηνε governs an accusative complement: ἔκτισιν ... ἀδύνατον; αὐτοῖς is a dative of reference, and τῶν χρημάτων is dependent on ἔκτισιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπέφηνε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D | _ | 10 ἀπέφηνε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Φιλόμηλος | det | high | |
| 4 | Φιλόμηλος | Φιλόμηλος | PROPN | NP----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 οὗτος | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to οὗτος. |
| 5 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔκτισιν | det | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔκτισιν | cc | high | First member of the correlative τε ... καί/τε coordination; second coordinator is not overt here. |
| 7 | ἔκτισιν | ἔκτισις | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπέφηνε | obj | high | |
| 8 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P--------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔκτισιν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/interest: repayment as impossible for them. |
| 9 | ἀδύνατον | ἀδύνατος | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπέφηνε | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with ἔκτισιν as its understood subject. |
| 10 | ἀπέφηνε | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-AIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 χρημάτων | det | high | |
| 12 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔκτισιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔκτισιν, specifying the money/debt being repaid. |
καὶ ἀνέπειθε τὸ ἱερὸν καταλαβεῖν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς, λέγων καὶ ἄλλα ἐπαγωγὰ καὶ ὡς τὰ Ἀθηναίων καὶ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ἐπιτήδεια ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐστιν αὐτοῖς,
The ὡς-clause is analyzed as reported content under λέγων; the neuter plural expressions τὰ Ἀθηναίων and ἐπιτήδεια are substantivized/predicative and formally case-syncretic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἀνέπειθε | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀνέπειθε | ἀναπείθω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 καταλαβεῖν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of καταλαβεῖν. |
| 5 | καταλαβεῖν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 2 ἀνέπειθε | xcomp | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Δελφοῖς | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 8 Δελφοῖς | case | high | |
| 8 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | The article at token 6 is likely an anaphoric/substantivizing article with omitted noun; syntactically the phrase modifies ἱερόν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγων | punct | high | |
| 10 | λέγων | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἀνέπειθε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with the same subject as ἀνέπειθε. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐπαγωγὰ | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπαγωγὰ | amod | medium | Substantivized neuter plural; case is formally ambiguous in isolation. |
| 13 | ἐπαγωγὰ | ἐπαγωγός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 λέγων | obj | medium | Likely substantivized neuter plural object of λέγων; nominative/accusative form syncretic. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ὡς | cc | high | |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 10 λέγων | ccomp | medium | Introduces a further proposition/content clause coordinated with the preceding object phrase. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 Ἀθηναίων | det | medium | Article with substantivized/genitival expression; formal case may be ambiguous. |
| 17 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπιτήδεια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the substantivized τὰ, ‘the [things] of the Athenians’. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 Λακεδαίμονος | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 20 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐπιτήδεια | nmod | high | Proper name in a prepositional phrase; source/origin adjunct modifying ἐπιτήδεια. |
| 21 | ἐπιτήδεια | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Predicative subject in the ὡς-clause; nominative/accusative neuter plural is syncretic. |
| 22 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 23 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 23 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐστιν | obl | high | |
| 24 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ὡς | ccomp | high | Copula of the ὡς-clause; subject is ἐπιτήδεια. |
| 25 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 24 ἐστιν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or association, ‘for them/their’. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἀνέπειθε | punct | high |
Θηβαίων δὲ καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος κατασταίη σφίσιν ἐς πόλεμον, περιέσεσθαι καὶ ἀρετῇ σφᾶς καὶ δαπάνῃ χρημάτων.
The sentence is an elliptical reported claim: the future infinitive περιέσεσθαι is the matrix predicate, with σφᾶς as its accusative subject; εἴ-clause κατασταίη supplies the condition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κατασταίη | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison/reference with the omitted subject of κατασταίη. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 κατασταίη | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τις | cc | high | |
| 4 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 κατασταίη | mark | high | |
| 5 | τις | τις | PRON | P---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 7 κατασταίη | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἄλλος | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τις | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying τις. |
| 7 | κατασταίη | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AOA-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 περιέσεσθαι | advcl | medium | Potential optative in the εἰ-clause; exact lexical sense is context-dependent. |
| 8 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 7 κατασταίη | iobj | high | Dative with κατασταίη, 'against/for them' in the phrase ἐς πόλεμον. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 10 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κατασταίη | obl | high | Prepositional complement expressing entering/undertaking war. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατασταίη | punct | high | |
| 12 | περιέσεσθαι | περιγίγνομαι | VERB | V-F--N----- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Infinitive of reported assertion; understood governing verb is omitted from the excerpt. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἀρετῇ | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἀρετῇ | ἀρετή | NOUN | N-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 περιέσεσθαι | obl | high | Dative of means, 'in valor/skill'. |
| 15 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 περιέσεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive περιέσεσθαι. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 δαπάνῃ | cc | high | |
| 17 | δαπάνῃ | δαπάνη | NOUN | N-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 περιέσεσθαι | obl | high | Coordinated dative of means, 'in expenditure'. |
| 18 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 δαπάνῃ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δαπάνη, specifying expenditure of money. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 περιέσεσθαι | punct | high |