Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.1.5

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Passage 10.1.5

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2sentences parsed

77Greek tokens

1,936input tokens

5,344output tokens

Sentence 1

10.1.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 50
Input: 1,097
Output: 3,429
Total: 4,526

ταῦτα ὡς ἐπύθοντο οἱ Φωκεῖς, λογάδας τριακοσίους καὶ Γέλωνα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἄρχοντα ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς τοὺς πολεμίους ἄρτι ἀρχομένης νυκτός, προστάξαντές σφισι κατοπτεῦσαί τε τὰ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ὅντινα ἀφανέστατον δύναιντο τρόπον καὶ αὖθις ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἐπανήκειν κατὰ τῶν ὁδῶν τὴν μάλιστα ἄγνωστον, μηδὲ ἑκόντας μάχης ἄρχειν.

Main clause has a temporal ὡς-clause; προστάξαντες introduces coordinated infinitival orders. The relative/indirect interrogative-like ὅντινα ... τρόπον modifies κατοπτεῦσαι; μηδὲ governs the final infinitive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	PD-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 ἐπύθοντο	obj	high
2	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἐπύθοντο	mark	high	Temporal conjunction.
3	ἐπύθοντο	πυνθάνομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	advcl	high
4	οἱ	ὁ	DET	RA-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 Φωκεῖς	det	high
5	Φωκεῖς	Φωκεύς	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	nsubj	high
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐπύθοντο	punct	high
7	λογάδας	λογάς	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	obj	high
8	τριακοσίους	τριακόσιοι	NUM	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 λογάδας	amod	high	Numeral agreeing with λογάδας.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 Γέλωνα	cc	high
10	Γέλωνα	Γέλων	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	obj	high
11	ἐπʼ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	12 αὐτοῖς	case	high	Elided form ἐπʼ.
12	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	P-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἄρχοντα	obl	medium	Dative with ἐπί; antecedent is the enemy/subject understood.
13	ἄρχοντα	ἄρχων	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 Γέλωνα	appos	high	Predicative apposition to Γέλωνα.
14	ἀποστέλλουσιν	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
15	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	17 πολεμίους	case	high
16	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	RA-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 πολεμίους	det	high
17	πολεμίους	πολέμιος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	obl	high	Substantivized adjective.
18	ἄρτι	ἄρτι	ADV	ADV	_	19 ἀρχομένης	advmod	high
19	ἀρχομένης	ἄρχω	VERB	V-PMP-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	20 νυκτός	amod	high	Genitive absolute participle.
20	νυκτός	νύξ	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	obl	high	Genitive absolute with ἀρχομένης.
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	punct	high
22	προστάξαντές	προστάσσω	VERB	V-AAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with Φωκεῖς.
23	σφισι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-DP3P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	22 προστάξαντές	iobj	high
24	κατοπτεῦσαί	κατοπτεύω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	22 προστάξαντές	xcomp	high	First infinitive governed by προστάξαντες.
25	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	38 ἐπανήκειν	cc	high	Correlative with καί at token 33.
26	τὰ	ὁ	DET	RA-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	32 τρόπον	det	high
27	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 Θεσσαλῶν	det	high
28	Θεσσαλῶν	Θεσσαλός	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 τὰ	nmod	high
29	ὅντινα	ὅστις	PRON	PQ-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 τρόπον	det	medium	Relative/interrogative determiner agreeing with τρόπον; idiomatically ‘whatever way’.
30	ἀφανέστατον	ἀφανής	ADJ	A-ASM-S	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 τρόπον	amod	high
31	δύναιντο	δύναμαι	VERB	V-POM-3P	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	24 κατοπτεῦσαί	acl	medium	Potential/embedded optative; governs τρόπον as manner complement.
32	τρόπον	τρόπος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 κατοπτεῦσαί	obl	high	Accusative of manner.
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	38 ἐπανήκειν	cc	high	Coordinates with τε at token 25.
34	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	ADV	_	38 ἐπανήκειν	advmod	high
35	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	37 στράτευμα	case	high
36	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	37 στράτευμα	det	high
37	στράτευμα	στράτευμα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 ἐπανήκειν	obl	high
38	ἐπανήκειν	ἐπανήκω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	22 προστάξαντές	xcomp	high	Second coordinated infinitive governed by προστάξαντες.
39	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	41 ὁδῶν	case	high
40	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	41 ὁδῶν	det	high
41	ὁδῶν	ὁδός	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	38 ἐπανήκειν	obl	high	κατά with genitive: along/by way of the roads.
42	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 ἄγνωστον	det	high
43	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	ADV-S	Degree=Sup	44 ἄγνωστον	advmod	high
44	ἄγνωστον	ἄγνωστος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	41 ὁδῶν	amod	high	Agrees with understood ὁδόν; article marks substantival/adjectival phrase.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	38 ἐπανήκειν	punct	high
46	μηδὲ	μηδέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	49 ἄρχειν	cc	high	Negative coordinator introducing final infinitive.
47	ἑκόντας	ἑκών	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	49 ἄρχειν	xcomp	medium	Accusative predicative complement with implied subject of ἄρχειν.
48	μάχης	μάχη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	49 ἄρχειν	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἄρχω.
49	ἄρχειν	ἄρχω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	22 προστάξαντές	xcomp	high	Final coordinated infinitive: not to initiate battle willingly.
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἀποστέλλουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.1.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 27
Input: 839
Output: 1,915
Total: 2,754

οὗτοι ὑπὸ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν οἱ λογάδες ἀπώλοντο ἀθρόοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ ἡγούμενός σφισι Γέλων, συμπατούμενοί τε ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν φονευόμενοι.

Main clause has appositional οἱ λογάδες identifying οὗτοι; the coordinated participles describe their being trampled by horses and killed by men.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	PD-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	7 ἀπώλοντο	nsubj	high
2	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	4 Θεσσαλῶν	case	high
3	τῶν	ὁ	DET	DA-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	4 Θεσσαλῶν	det	high
4	Θεσσαλῶν	Θεσσαλός	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἀπώλοντο	obl:agent	high
5	οἱ	ὁ	DET	DA-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 λογάδες	det	high
6	λογάδες	λογάς	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἀπώλοντο	nsubj	high	Appositional or predicative identification with οὗτοι.
7	ἀπώλοντο	ἀπόλλυμι	VERB	V-2ADI-MP-3P	Aspect=Perfective\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
8	ἀθρόοι	ἀθρόος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἀπώλοντο	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective, ‘in a body/all together’.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	10 αὐτοὶ	cc	high
10	αὐτοὶ	αὐτός	PRON	PX-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	7 ἀπώλοντο	conj	medium	Emphatic resumptive element in καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ... construction.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	15 Γέλων	cc	high
12	ὁ	ὁ	DET	DA-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 ἡγούμενός	det	high
13	ἡγούμενός	ἡγέομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	15 Γέλων	appos	high	Substantivized present middle participle, ‘the leader’.
14	σφισι	σφεῖς	PRON	PP-DP	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	13 ἡγούμενός	iobj	medium	Dative of relation/possession with ἡγούμενος, ‘their leader’.
15	Γέλων	Γέλων	PROPN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 αὐτοὶ	conj	high
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἀπώλοντο	punct	high
17	συμπατούμενοί	συμπατέω	VERB	V-PMP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	7 ἀπώλοντο	advcl	high	Circumstantial passive participle agreeing with the plural subject.
18	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	17 συμπατούμενοί	cc	high
19	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	21 ἵππων	case	high
20	τῶν	ὁ	DET	DA-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	21 ἵππων	det	high
21	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 συμπατούμενοί	obl:agent	high	The form is masculine genitive plural; τῶν is morphologically ambiguous in isolation.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	26 φονευόμενοι	cc	high
23	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	25 ἀνδρῶν	case	high
24	τῶν	ὁ	DET	DA-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 ἀνδρῶν	det	high
25	ἀνδρῶν	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 φονευόμενοι	obl:agent	high
26	φονευόμενοι	φονεύω	VERB	V-PMP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	17 συμπατούμενοί	conj	high	Coordinated circumstantial passive participle.
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἀπώλοντο	punct	high

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