Grammar parses for passage 10.11.3
Open translation for this passage
ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ ἀνδριάντας Λιπαραῖοι ναυμαχίᾳ κρατήσαντες Τυρρηνῶν.
The aorist participle κρατήσαντες is circumstantial, agreeing with Λιπαραῖοι and expressing the means/circumstance of their victory over the Tyrrhenians; ναυμαχίᾳ is instrumental dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἀνδριάντας | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 4 | ἀνδριάντας | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 5 | Λιπαραῖοι | Λιπαραῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κρατήσαντες | nsubj | high | Demonym used substantivally. |
| 6 | ναυμαχίᾳ | ναυμαχία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κρατήσαντες | obl:arg | medium | Instrumental dative, ‘in/by naval battle’; some analyses may attach it directly to κρατήσαντες as an instrumental obl. |
| 7 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, agreeing with Λιπαραῖοι. |
| 8 | Τυρρηνῶν | Τυρρηνός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κρατήσαντες | obl:arg | high | Genitive complement of κρατήσαντες, ‘having defeated the Tyrrhenians’. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ Λιπαραῖοι οὗτοι Κνιδίων μὲν ἦσαν ἄποικοι, τῆς δὲ ἀποικίας ἡγεμόνα γενέσθαι φασὶν ἄνδρα Κνίδιον·
The second clause is φασὶν ἄνδρα Κνίδιον γενέσθαι: φασίν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction. ἄνδρα Κνίδιον is the accusative subject phrase of γενέσθαι, with Κνίδιον functioning adjectivally/appositionally; the first clause is coordinated by the μέν/δέ pair.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-masc-plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Λιπαραῖοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj-postpositive | _ | 3 Λιπαραῖοι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Λιπαραῖοι | Λιπαραῖος | PROPN | noun-nom-masc-plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 4 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | DET | dem-pron-nom-masc-plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 Λιπαραῖοι | det | high | |
| 5 | Κνιδίων | Κνίδιος | PROPN | adj-gen-masc-plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἄποικοι | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective substantivized: 'of the Cnidians'. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | particle | _ | 7 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by δέ. |
| 7 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | verb-ind-imperf-act-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἄποικοι | ἄποικος | NOUN | noun-nom-masc-plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | article-gen-fem-sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποικίας | det | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj-postpositive | _ | 15 φασὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the second coordinated clause. |
| 12 | ἀποικίας | ἀποικία | NOUN | noun-gen-fem-sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἡγεμόνα | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with ἡγεμόνα. |
| 13 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | noun-acc-masc-sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | verb-inf-aor-mid | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασίν. |
| 15 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | verb-ind-pres-act-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Coordinated finite clause; treated as a second root because no explicit syntactic coordination arc is available without ellipsis analysis. |
| 16 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | noun-acc-masc-sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Κνίδιον | appos | high | Apposition to Κνίδιον. |
| 17 | Κνίδιον | Κνίδιος | PROPN | adj-acc-masc-sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 γενέσθαι | obj | medium | Ethnic adjective substantivized, coordinated/appositional with ἄνδρα as the infinitive's accusative subject; attachment to γενέσθαι is structurally exceptional. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 φασὶν | punct | high |
ὄνομα δὲ εἶναί οἱ Πένταθλον Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ξενοφάνους Συρακούσιος ἐν τῇ Σικελιώτιδι συγγραφῇ φησι.
φησι governs an indirect statement: Πένταθλον εἶναι ὄνομα, with Ἀντίοχος ... Συρακούσιος identifying the person whose name is reported; the dative οἱ is the relevant-person/possessive dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 Πένταθλον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 φησι | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | v--pan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 Πένταθλον | cop | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 Πένταθλον | iobj | medium | Enclitic dative, ‘to him’; some analyses treat it as the experiencer/possessor of the naming construction. |
| 5 | Πένταθλον | Πένταθλον | PROPN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 φησι | ccomp | high | Predicate nominative/subject accusative of φησι with infinitival copula. |
| 6 | Ἀντίοχος | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Συρακούσιος | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ξενοφάνους | det | high | |
| 8 | Ξενοφάνους | Ξενοφάνης | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀντίοχος | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Xenophanes’. |
| 9 | Συρακούσιος | Συρακούσιος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πένταθλον | appos | high | Ethnic adjective in apposition to Ἀντίοχος. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 13 συγγραφῇ | case | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Σικελιώτιδι | det | high | |
| 12 | Σικελιώτιδι | Σικελιῶτις | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συγγραφῇ | amod | high | Adjective modifying συγγραφῇ. |
| 13 | συγγραφῇ | συγγραφή | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φησι | obl | high | Prepositional adjunct: in the Sicilian history. |
| 14 | φησι | φημί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 φησι | punct | high |
λέγει δὲ καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ Παχύνῳ τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῇ ἐν Σικελίᾳ κτίσαντες πόλιν αὐτοὶ μὲν ἐκπίπτουσιν ὑπὸ Ἐλύμων καὶ Φοινίκων πολέμῳ πιεσθέντες,
The ὡς-clause reports that the founders, after founding a city at/near Pachynus, are expelled; κτίσαντες and πιεσθέντες are nominative participles sharing αὐτοί as understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγει | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγει | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγει | advmod | high | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγει | ccomp | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἄκρᾳ | case | high | |
| 6 | Παχύνῳ | Παχῦνος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκρᾳ | nmod | medium | Place-name in dative with ἐπί. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκρᾳ | det | high | |
| 8 | ἄκρᾳ | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κτίσαντες | obl | high | Location with ἐπί; appositional relation to Παχύνῳ. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκρᾳ | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 11 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκρᾳ | nmod | high | Locative specification of the promontory. |
| 12 | κτίσαντες | κτίζω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἐκπίπτουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist participle with the subject of ἐκπίπτουσιν. |
| 13 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κτίσαντες | obj | high | |
| 14 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 16 ἐκπίπτουσιν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 14 αὐτοὶ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may be outside this sentence. |
| 16 | ἐκπίπτουσιν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ὡς | ccomp | high | Finite verb within the ὡς-reported clause. |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 Ἐλύμων | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἐλύμων | Ἔλυμοι | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 πιεσθέντες | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle πιεσθέντες. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 Φοινίκων | cc | high | |
| 20 | Φοινίκων | Φοίνιξ | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Ἐλύμων | conj | high | Coordinated agent noun. |
| 21 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 πιεσθέντες | obl | high | Dative of means/circumstance with πιεσθέντες. |
| 22 | πιεσθέντες | πιέζω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 16 ἐκπίπτουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with αὐτοί. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐκπίπτουσιν | punct | high |
τὰς νήσους δὲ ἔσχον ἐρήμους ἔτι ἢ ἀναστήσαντες τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας, ἃς καὶ κατὰ τὰ τὰ ἔπη τὰ Ὁμήρεια Αἰόλου καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι ὀνομάζουσι.
The relative clause headed by ἃς modifies νήσους; κατὰ τὰ ἔπη τὰ Ὁμήρεια Αἰόλου is treated as an oblique phrase with genitive Αἰόλου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 νήσους | det | high | |
| 2 | νήσους | νῆσος | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἔσχον | obj | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 4 ἔσχον | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist-form ambiguity is possible in isolation; context supports a past indicative. |
| 5 | ἐρήμους | ἐρῆμος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἔσχον | xcomp | high | Predicate complement of νήσους. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐρήμους | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 8 ἀναστήσαντες | cc | medium | Coordinates the alternatives involving ἐρήμους and ἀναστήσαντες. |
| 8 | ἀναστήσαντες | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἔσχον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with implicit subject of ἔσχον. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνοικοῦντας | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐνοικοῦντας | ἐνοικέω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἀναστήσαντες | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of ἀναστήσαντες. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀναστήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἃς | ὅς | PRON | P-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to νήσους. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 25 ὀνομάζουσι | cc | high | |
| 14 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R- | _ | 17 ἔπη | case | high | With accusative τὰ ἔπη. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔπη | det | high | |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔπη | det | medium | Repetition reflects the supplied text; syntactically treated with ἔπη. |
| 17 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ὀνομάζουσι | obl | high | |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 Ὁμήρεια | det | high | |
| 19 | Ὁμήρεια | Ὁμήρειος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔπη | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective agreeing with ἔπη; supplied article is nominative neuter plural. |
| 20 | Αἰόλου | Αἴολος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔπη | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔπη. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 25 ὀνομάζουσι | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 23 ἡμᾶς | case | high | |
| 23 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 25 ὀνομάζουσι | obl | high | |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ὀνομάζουσι | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἔσχον | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause modifying νήσους via ἃς. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔσχον | punct | high |