Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.12.2

← 10.12.1 10.12.3 →

Passage 10.12.2

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4sentences parsed

84Greek tokens

3,076input tokens

5,875output tokens

Sentence 1

10.12.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 19
Input: 726
Output: 1,372
Total: 2,098

ἡ δὲ Ἡροφίλη νεωτέρα μὲν ἐκείνης, φαίνεται δὲ ὅμως πρὸ τοῦ πολέμου γεγονυῖα καὶ αὕτη τοῦ Τρωικοῦ,

The sentence contrasts Ἡροφίλη with ἐκείνη and predicates φαίνεται γεγονυῖα; τοῦ Τρωικοῦ is an elliptical substantival adjective referring to the Trojan War.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἡ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-fem-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 Ἡροφίλη	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	8 φαίνεται	cc:preconj	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Ἡροφίλη	Ἡροφίλη	PROPN	propn-nom-fem-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 φαίνεται	nsubj	high
4	νεωτέρα	νέος	ADJ	adj-nom-fem-sg-comp	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 φαίνεται	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective in the μὲν-clause, with omitted/copular relation.
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	particle	_	4 νεωτέρα	discourse	high
6	ἐκείνης	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	dem-pron-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	4 νεωτέρα	obl	high	Genitive of comparison.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 φαίνεται	punct	high
8	φαίνεται	φαίνω	VERB	verb-pres-mid-ind-3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Intransitive φαίνεται, ‘appears’; the participle is its predicative complement.
9	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	8 φαίνεται	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
10	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	adv	_	8 φαίνεται	advmod	high
11	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	prep-gen	_	13 πολέμου	case	high
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	article-gen-neut-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 πολέμου	det	high
13	πολέμου	πόλεμος	NOUN	noun-gen-masc-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 γεγονυῖα	obl	high	Object of πρό in the temporal phrase.
14	γεγονυῖα	γίγνομαι	VERB	verb-perf-act-part-nom-fem-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 φαίνεται	xcomp	high	Perfect active participle with φαίνεται; γεγονοῦσα/γεγονυῖα means ‘having come into being’.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	16 αὕτη	cc	high
16	αὕτη	οὗτος	PRON	dem-pron-nom-fem-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	14 γεγονυῖα	nsubj	high	Subject of γεγονυῖα; ‘this one also’.
17	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	article-gen-neut-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 Τρωικοῦ	det	high
18	Τρωικοῦ	Τρωικός	ADJ	adj-gen-neut-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 πολέμου	nmod	medium	Substantival adjective, ‘the Trojan [war]’; coordinated/elliptical with τοῦ πολέμου.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 φαίνεται	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.12.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 28
Input: 853
Output: 1,829
Total: 2,682

καὶ Ἑλένην τε προεδήλωσεν ἐν τοῖς χρησμοῖς, ὡς ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ τῆς Ἀσίας καὶ Εὐρώπης τραφήσοιτο ἐν Σπάρτῃ, καὶ ὡς Ἴλιον ἁλώσεται διʼ αὐτὴν ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων.

The two ὡς-clauses are coordinated reported-content complements of προεδήλωσεν; the first has future middle τραφήσοιτο, while the second has future passive ἁλώσεται with accusative retained subject Ἴλιον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	4 προεδήλωσεν	cc	high
2	Ἑλένην	Ἑλένη	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 προεδήλωσεν	obj	high
3	τε	τε	PART	_	_	2 Ἑλένην	cc	high
4	προεδήλωσεν	προδηλόω	VERB	V-3S-AAI	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist morphology is certain; aspect labeling follows conventional parser practice.
5	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	7 χρησμοῖς	case	high
6	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 χρησμοῖς	det	high
7	χρησμοῖς	χρησμός	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 προεδήλωσεν	obl	high
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 προεδήλωσεν	punct	high
9	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	16 τραφήσοιτο	mark	high	Introduces the first reported-content clause.
10	ἐπʼ	ἐπί	ADP	_	_	11 ὀλέθρῳ	case	high
11	ὀλέθρῳ	ὄλεθρος	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 τραφήσοιτο	obl	high
12	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Ἀσίας	det	high
13	Ἀσίας	Ἀσία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ὀλέθρῳ	nmod	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	15 Εὐρώπης	cc	high
15	Εὐρώπης	Εὐρώπη	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Ἀσίας	conj	high
16	τραφήσοιτο	τρέφω	VERB	V-3S-FAI-M	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Mid	4 προεδήλωσεν	ccomp	medium	Future middle indicative in the reported clause; some systems may analyze the form as optative in indirect discourse, but the written ending is -οιτο.
17	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	18 Σπάρτῃ	case	high
18	Σπάρτῃ	Σπάρτη	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 τραφήσοιτο	obl	high
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 τραφήσοιτο	punct	high
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	23 ἁλώσεται	cc	high
21	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	23 ἁλώσεται	mark	high	Introduces the second reported-content clause.
22	Ἴλιον	Ἴλιος	PROPN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 ἁλώσεται	nsubj:pass	high	Accusative subject of the passive verb, retained from reported speech.
23	ἁλώσεται	ἁλίσκομαι	VERB	V-3S-FMI-P	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Pass	4 προεδήλωσεν	ccomp	high
24	διʼ	διά	ADP	_	_	25 αὐτὴν	case	high
25	αὐτὴν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	23 ἁλώσεται	obl	high	Causal διά with accusative.
26	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	_	_	27 Ἑλλήνων	case	high
27	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 ἁλώσεται	obl:agent	high
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 προεδήλωσεν	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.12.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 10
Input: 658
Output: 776
Total: 1,434

Δήλιοι δὲ καὶ ὕμνον μέμνηνται τῆς γυναικὸς ἐς Ἀπόλλωνα.

The sentence means that the Delians also remember/mention a hymn of the woman addressed to Apollo; the attachment of καὶ is mildly ambiguous, but it is treated as coordinating the hymn phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Δήλιοι	Δήλιος	PROPN	A----MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 μέμνηνται	nsubj	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective, subject of μέμνηνται.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	5 μέμνηνται	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 ὕμνον	cc	high	Coordinates ὕμνον with an implicit/understood object or phrase; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain.
4	ὕμνον	ὕμνος	NOUN	N----MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 μέμνηνται	obj	high	Accusative object of μέμνηνται.
5	μέμνηνται	μιμνήσκω	VERB	V-RI3P--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect middle, ‘they remember/mention’; governs the accusative ὕμνον.
6	τῆς	ὁ	DET	P-GF-S--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 γυναικὸς	det	high
7	γυναικὸς	γυνή	NOUN	N-GF-S--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ὕμνον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ὕμνον: ‘the woman’s hymn’.
8	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	9 Ἀπόλλωνα	case	high
9	Ἀπόλλωνα	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	N-MA-S--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 μέμνηνται	obl	high	Prepositional goal/addressee phrase ἐς Ἀπόλλωνα.
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 μέμνηνται	punct	high

Sentence 4

10.12.2 sentence 4

Tokens: 27
Input: 839
Output: 1,898
Total: 2,737

καλεῖ δὲ οὐχ Ἡροφίλην μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν αὑτήν, καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος γυνὴ γαμετή, τοτὲ δὲ ἀδελφὴ καὶ αὖθις θυγάτηρ φησὶν εἶναι.

The sentence has an initial finite καλεῖ with coordinated accusative complements; the final φησὶν εἶναι is a reporting construction, with the omitted subject understood as the prophetess and coordinated predicate nouns/adjectives in the accusative infinitival clause. The coordination after Ἄρτεμιν is syntactically elliptical and somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καλεῖ	καλέω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	25 φησὶν	parataxis	high	Finite verb, coordinated/parenthetical to the later φησίν.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 καλεῖ	cc	high
3	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	1 καλεῖ	advmod	high	Sandhi form before vowel.
4	Ἡροφίλην	Ἡροφίλη	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 καλεῖ	obj	high	First accusative name governed by καλεῖ.
5	μόνον	μόνος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 Ἡροφίλην	advmod	medium	Feminine accusative agreeing with the named woman; used adverbially as ‘only’.
6	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 καλεῖ	cc	high
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 Ἄρτεμιν	cc	high	Correlates with ἀλλά.
8	Ἄρτεμιν	Ἄρτεμις	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 καλεῖ	obj	high	Second accusative name governed by καλεῖ.
9	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	11 ἔπεσιν	case	high
10	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 ἔπεσιν	det	high
11	ἔπεσιν	ἔπος	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 Ἄρτεμιν	obl	high	‘In the verses’; modifies the naming/claim.
12	αὑτήν	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Reflex=Yes	8 Ἄρτεμιν	obj	medium	Reflexive accusative, likely the person called Artemis in the verses.
13	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 καλεῖ	punct	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 γυνὴ	cc	medium	Coordinates the following elliptical predication with the preceding naming statement.
15	Ἀπόλλωνος	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 γυνὴ	nmod:poss	high	Possessive genitive: ‘of Apollo’.
16	γυνὴ	γυνή	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 φησὶν	ccomp	low	Elliptical nominative predicate/independent clause; the syntax is compressed.
17	γαμετή	γαμετή	ADJ	A-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 γυνὴ	amod	high	Adjectival modifier, ‘wedded/married’.
18	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	16 γυνὴ	punct	high
19	τοτὲ	τότε	ADV	ADV	_	21 ἀδελφὴ	advmod	high
20	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 ἀδελφὴ	cc	high
21	ἀδελφὴ	ἀδελφή	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 γυνὴ	conj	medium	Coordinated/elliptical predicate ‘sister’.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 θυγάτηρ	cc	high
23	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	ADV	_	24 θυγάτηρ	advmod	high	‘Again/in turn’.
24	θυγάτηρ	θυγάτηρ	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ἀδελφὴ	conj	medium	Further coordinated/elliptical predicate ‘daughter’.
25	φησὶν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main reporting verb.
26	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	25 φησὶν	xcomp	high	Infinitival complement of φησίν.
27	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	25 φησὶν	punct	high

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